Ukuphefumla ubunzima - uncedo lokuqala

Uninzi lwabantu luthatha ukuphefumla ngokungakhathali. Abantu abanezigulo ezithile banokuba neengxaki zokuphefumla abajongana nazo rhoqo.

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngoncedo lokuqala lomntu onengxaki yokuphefumla engalindelekanga.

Ubunzima bokuphefumla bunokuvela ku:

• Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukungabinakho ukuthatha umphefumlo onzulu kunye nokukhefuzela umoya
• Uziva ngathi awufumani moya ngokwaneleyo

Ukuphefumla ubunzima kuhlala kungxamisekile kwezonyango. Ngaphandle kokuziva ngathi ubethwe ngumoya kancinci kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo, njengokuzilolonga.

Zininzi izizathu ezibangela iingxaki zokuphefumla. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya iimeko zempilo kunye nezongxamiseko zonyango olungxamisekileyo.

Ezinye zeemeko zempilo ezinokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla zezi:

• I-anemia (ubalo lweeseli ezibomvu ezisezantsi)
• Isifo sombefu
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD), ngamanye amaxesha esibizwa ngokuba yi-emphysema okanye i-bronchitis engapheliyo
• Isifo sentliziyo okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo
• Umhlaza wemiphunga, okanye umhlaza osasazeke waya emiphungeni
• Usulelo lokuphefumula, kubandakanya inyumoniya, i-bronchitis ebukhali, ukukhwehlela, isikhukhula, kunye nabanye

Olunye unyango olungxamisekileyo olunokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla zezi:

• Ukuba kwindawo ephakamileyo
• Igazi elixineneyo emiphungeni
• Umphunga owileyo (pneumothorax)
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukwenzakala entanyeni, eludongeni lwesifuba, okanye emiphungeni
• I-Pericardial effusion (i-fluid ejikeleze intliziyo engayinqanda ukuba igcwalise ngokufanelekileyo ngegazi)
• Ukuchithwa kwe-Pleural (i-fluid ejikeleze imiphunga engayicinezela)
• Ubomi obusongela ubomi
• Phantse ukurhaxwa, okubangela ulwakhiwo lwamanzi emiphungeni

Abantu abanengxaki yokuphefumla bahlala bekhangeleka bengakhululekanga. Banokuba zezi:

• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ayikwazi ukuphefumla ilele phantsi kwaye kufuneka uhlale ukuze uphefumle
• Ndixhalabile kwaye ndiphazamisekile
• Ndilele okanye ndididekile

Banokuba nezinye iimpawu, kubandakanya:

• Utywala okanye intloko
• Intlungu
• Ifiva
• Khohlela
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukuhlanza
• Imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iminwe kunye neenzipho
• Isifuba sihamba ngendlela engaqhelekanga
• Ukukrokra, ukuvutha, okanye ukwenza izandi zempempe
• Ilizwi elixineneyo okanye ubunzima bokuthetha
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Ukukhawuleza okanye ukungahambi kakuhle kwentliziyo
• Ukubila

Ukuba ukungabikho komzimba kubangela ingxaki yokuphefumla, banokuba nokugqithisa okanye ukuvuvukala kobuso, ulwimi okanye umqala.

Ukuba ukwenzakala kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla, banokuba wopha okanye babe nenxeba elibonakalayo.

Ukuba umntu unengxaki yokuphefumla, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko kwangoko, emva koko:

• Jonga indlela yomoya yomntu, ukuphefumla, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, qalisa iCPR.
• Khulula naziphi na iimpahla ezixineneyo.
• Nceda umntu asebenzise naliphi na iyeza (njenge-asthma inhaler okanye i-oksijini yasekhaya).
• Qhubeka ujonge ukuphefumla komntu kunye nokubetha de kufike uncedo lwezonyango. SUKUQWALASELA ukuba imeko yomntu iyaphucuka ukuba awusakwazi ukuva izandi zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga, ezinje ngokuvutha.
• Ukuba kukho amanxeba avulekileyo entanyeni okanye esifubeni, kufuneka avalwe kwangoko, ngakumbi ukuba amaqamza omoya avela enxebeni. Bopha amanxeba ngelo xesha.
• Inxeba lesifuba "elincancayo" livumela umoya ukuba ungene kwisifuba somntu ngokuphefumla ngakunye. Oku kunokubangela umphunga owileyo. Yibophe inxeba ngesisongeli seplastiki, ingxowa yeplastiki, okanye iipads zegauze ezifakwe ipetroleum jelly, ulitywinele macala omathathu, ushiye elinye icala lingatywinwanga. Oku kwenza ivelufa ukuthintela umoya ungangeni esifubeni ngenxeba, ngelixa uvumela umoya obanjiweyo ukuba uphume esifubeni ngecala elingatywinwanga.

SUKU:

• Nika umntu ukutya okanye usele.
• Hambisa umntu ukuba bekukho intloko, intamo, isifuba okanye umonzakalo womoya, ngaphandle kokuba oko kunyanzelekile. Khusela kwaye uzinzise intamo ukuba umntu makahanjiswe.
• Beka umqamelo phantsi kwentloko yomntu. Oku kungavala indlela yomoya.
• Lindela ukubona ukuba imeko yomntu iyaphucuka na ngaphambi kokufumana uncedo lonyango. Fumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu uneempawu zokuphefumla nzima, kwi Iimpawu icandelo elingentla.

Biza ugqirha wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo kwangoko ukuba:

• Unesifo esibandayo okanye olunye usulelo lokuphefumla kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla
• Yiba nokukhohlela okungapheli emva kweeveki ezi-2 okanye ezi-3
• Bakhohlela igazi
• Ukuphulukana nobunzima ngaphandle kwentsingiselo okanye ukubila ebusuku
• Awukwazi ukulala okanye ukuvuka ebusuku ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumla
• Qaphela kunzima ukuphefumla xa usenza izinto oqhele ukuzenza ngaphandle kobunzima bokuphefumla, umzekelo, ukunyuka izitepsi

Biza umnikezeli wakho ukuba umntwana wakho ukhohlela kwaye wenza isandi sokukhonkotha okanye ukubetha.

Ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukuthintela iingxaki zokuphefumla:

• Ukuba unembali yokungaziphathi kakuhle, phatha ipeni ye-epinephrine kwaye unxibe ithegi yokulumkisa ngonyango. Umboneleli wakho uya kukufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa ipeni ye-epinephrine.
• Ukuba unesifo se-asthma okanye i-allergies, qeda ukunyuka kwamakhaya okubangela njengothuli kunye nesikhunta.
• Ungatshayi, kwaye hlala kude nomsi wecuba. MUSA ukuvumela ukutshaya ekhayeni lakho.
• Ukuba une-asthma, jonga inqaku malunga nesifuba ukuze ufunde iindlela zokuyilawula.
• Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana isitofu sokugonya (pertussis).
• Qinisekisa ukuba i-tetanus booster yakho ihlaziyiwe.
• Xa uhamba ngenqwelo moya, vuka uhambe ngeenxa zonke iiyure ezimbalwa ukunqanda ukwenza amahlwili egazi emilenzeni yakho. Nje ukuba yenziwe, amahlwili anokuqhekeka kwaye afike kwimiphunga yakho. Ngoxa uhleli, yenza izangqa zamaqatha uze uphakamise kwaye wehlise izithende zakho, iinzwane, kunye namadolo ukwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni yakho. Ukuba uhamba ngemoto, yima uphume kwaye uhambehamba rhoqo.
• Ukuba utyebe kakhulu, yehla emzimbeni. Kuyenzeka ukuba uzive ubethwa ngumoya ukuba utyebe kakhulu. Usengozini enkulu yesifo sentliziyo kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Nxiba ithegi yokulumkisa ngonyango ukuba unemeko yokuphefumla esele ikho, njenge-asthma.

Ubunzima bokuphefumla - uncedo lokuqala; IDyspnea - uncedo lokuqala; Ukuphefumla okufutshane - uncedo lokuqala

• Umphunga owileyo, pneumothorax
• Epiglottis
• Ukuphefumla

URose E. Unyango olungxamisekileyo lokuphefumla kwabantwana: ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yomoya ephezulu kunye nosulelo. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 167.

ISchwartzstein RM, iAdams L.Dyspnea. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 29.

UThomas SH, uGoodloe JM. Amalungu angaphandle. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 53.