Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngoncedo lokuqala

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwalo naliphi na iyeza okanye iziyobisi, kubandakanya notywala. Eli nqaku lixoxa ngoncedo lokuqala lokudlula kweziyobisi kunye nokurhoxa.

Amachiza amaninzi asesitratweni awanazibonelelo zonyango. Nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa kwezi ziyobisi luhlobo lokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ingxaki yezempilo anokusetyenziswa gwenxa, mhlawumbi ngengozi okanye ngenjongo. Oku kwenzeka xa abantu bethatha ngaphezulu kwethamo eliqhelekileyo.Ukuphathwa gadalala kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba iyeza lithathwa ngenjongo kunye notywala okanye ezinye iziyobisi.

Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ke, kubalulekile ukuba umboneleli wakho wezempilo azi malunga nazo zonke iziyobisi ozithathayo. Oku kubandakanya iivithamini kunye namanye amayeza owathengileyo ngaphandle kommiselo.

Iziyobisi ezininzi ziyakhobokisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, umlutha uhamba ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwaye ezinye iziyobisi (ezinje ngecocaine) zinokubangela umlutha emva kweedosi ezimbalwa kuphela. Umlutha kuthetha ukuba umntu unesifiso esinamandla sokusebenzisa le nto kwaye akakwazi ukuyeka, nokuba bafuna njalo.

Umntu olikhoboka leziyobisi uhlala eneempawu zokurhoxa xa iyeza ngesiquphe limisiwe. Unyango lunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu zokurhoxa.

Idosi yeziyobisi enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba inokubangela ingozi emzimbeni (inetyhefu) ibizwa ngokuba libanda kakhulu. Oku kunokwenzeka ngesiquphe, xa isixa esikhulu seziyobisi sithathwa ngexesha elinye. Inokwenzeka kwakhona ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko iziyobisi zisakha emzimbeni ixesha elide. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi bomntu ogqithisileyo.

Ukugqithisa ngokweqile kweziyobisi kunokubangela ukulala, ukuphefumula okucothayo, kunye nokungazi.

Ezingaphezulu (ezikhuthazayo) zivelisa ukonwaba, ukonyuka kwentliziyo, kunye nokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza. I-Downers (depressants) yenza ngokuchaseneyo.

Iziyobisi eziguqula ingqondo zibizwa ngokuba zii-hallucinogens. Babandakanya i-LSD, i-PCP (ingelosi uthuli), kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezitalatweni. Sebenzisa la machiza kunokubangela iparanoia, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ukuba ndlongondlongo, okanye ukurhoxa okugabadeleyo ekuhlaleni.

Iziyobisi ze-Cannabis ezinjenge-marijuana zingabangela ukuphumla, ukukhubazeka kwezakhono zemoto kunye nokwanda kokutya.

Xa amayeza amiselweyo ethathwa ngaphezulu kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu zinokubakho.

Iimpawu zokugqithisa iziyobisi ziyahluka ngokubanzi, kuxhomekeke kwichiza elithile elisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa linokubandakanya:

• Ubungakanani bomfundi obungaqhelekanga okanye abafundi abangatshintshi ubungakanani xa ukukhanya kukhanyisiwe kubo
• Ukuphazamiseka
• Ukuxhuzula, ukungcangcazela
• Ukuziphatha kakubi okanye ukuziphatha okuphambeneyo, i-hallucinations
• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Ukozela, isiqaqa
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuphazamiseka okanye ukungaqiniseki (ataxia)
• Ukubila okanye ukoma kakhulu, ulusu olushushu, amadyunguza, irhashalala
• Ubundlobongela okanye isimilo esiqatha
• Ukufa

Iimpawu zokurhoxisa iziyobisi ziyahluka ngokubanzi, kuxhomekeke kwichiza elithile elisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa linokubandakanya:

• Ukuxinana esiswini
• Ukuxhalaba, ukungazinzi
• Ukubila okubandayo
• Ukulahlekiswa, nemibono
• Uxinzelelo
• Isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukufa

1. Jonga indlela yomoya yomntu, ukuphefumla, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, qalisa iCPR. Ukuba uqulekile kodwa uphefumla, beka ngononophelo lo mntu kwindawo yokubuyisela ngokuloga umntu lowo kuwe kwicala lasekhohlo. Goba umlenze ophezulu ukuze zombini i-hip kunye nedolo zi-angles ezilungileyo. Ncothula ngenyameko iintloko zabo umva ukugcina umoya uvulekile. Ukuba umntu unolwazi, khulula iimpahla uze umgcine eshushu loo mntu, kwaye umqinisekise. Zama ukugcina lo mntu ezolile. Ukuba ukrokrela ukugqithisa, zama ukuthintela umntu ekubeni athathe iziyobisi ezininzi. Biza uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.

2. Nyanga umntu lowo xa enempawu zokothuka. Iimpawu zibandakanya ubuthathaka, imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neenzipho, ulusu lwe-clammy, ubumhlophe kunye nokuncipha kokuphaphama.

3. Ukuba umntu uxhuzula, nikela ngoncedo lokuqala ngokubamba.

4. Gcina ujonge iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu (ukubetha, ukuphefumla, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuba kunokwenzeka) de kufike uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo.

5. Ukuba kuyenzeka, zama ukumisela ukuba zeziphi iziyobisi ezasetyenzisiweyo, zingakanani kwaye nini. Gcina naziphi na iibhotile zepilisi okanye ezinye izikhongozeli zeziyobisi. Nika olu lwazi kubasebenzi bexesha likaxakeka.

Izinto ongafanele uzenze xa ujonge umntu othe wagqithisa:

• MUSA ukubeka ukhuseleko lwakho emngciphekweni. Ezinye iziyobisi zinokubangela ubundlobongela nokuziphatha okungalindelekanga. Biza uncedo lwezonyango.
• SUKUZAMA ukuqiqa nomntu osebenzisa iziyobisi. Musa ukulindela ukuba baziphathe ngokufanelekileyo.
• UNGANIKI izimvo zakho xa unika uncedo. Awudingi ukwazi ukuba kutheni iziyobisi zithathiwe ukuze unike uncedo lokuqala olusebenzayo.

Ukungxamiseka kweziyobisi akusoloko kulula ukuzichonga. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu ugqithisile, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu othile urhoxile, nikela ngoncedo lokuqala kwaye ufune uncedo lonyango.

Zama ukufumanisa ukuba leliphi na ichiza alithabileyo umntu. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, qokelela zonke izikhongozeli zamachiza kunye nazo naziphi na iisampulu zamachiza aseleyo okanye ukugabha komntu lowo uzise esibhedlele.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye ugqithisile, fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lokulawula ityhefu, elinokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba woncedo wasimahla weTyhefu (1-800-222-1222 ) naphi na eUnited States.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Esibhedlele, umboneleli uya kwenza imbali kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Iimvavanyo kunye neenkqubo ziya kwenziwa njengoko kufanelekile.

Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Ukusebenza kwamalahle kunye ne-laxatives ukunceda ukususa iziyobisi eziginyiwe emzimbeni (ngamanye amaxesha zinikezelwa ngombhobho obekwe emlonyeni kwisisu)
• Indlela yomoya kunye nenkxaso yokuphefumla, kubandakanya ioksijini, imaski yobuso, ityhubhu emlonyeni ukuya kwi-trachea, kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ukuskena i-CT entloko, entanyeni, nakwezinye iindawo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Amanzi afakwa ngaphakathi (ulwelo ngomthambo)
• Amayeza okubuyisa umva ifuthe leziyobisi
• Impilo yengqondo kunye novavanyo lomsebenzi wentlalo kunye noncedo

Kwiimeko ezinzima, umntu unokufuna ukuba angeniswe esibhedlele ukuze afumane unyango olungaphezulu.

Iziphumo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• Uhlobo kunye nenani leziyobisi
• Apho amachiza angene emzimbeni, njengasemlonyeni, empumlweni, okanye ngenaliti (efakwa ngaphakathi okanye kuqhume ulusu)
• Nokuba umntu unazo ezinye iingxaki zempilo

Izixhobo ezininzi ziyafumaneka ukunyanga ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Buza umboneleli malunga nezixhobo zasekhaya.

Libanda, iziyobisi; Uncedo lweziyobisi

UBernard SA, uJennings PA. Amayeza angxamisekileyo esibhedlele kwangaphambili. Ku: Cameron P, Little M, Mitra B, Deasy C, ii-eds. Incwadi yezeMpilo yabantu abadala. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 29.1.

UIwanicki JL. Hallucinogens. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 150.

Iminithi AB, iClark RF. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiyobisi. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 140.

I-Weiss RD. Iziyobisi zokuxhatshazwa. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 31.