Ukopha

Ukopha kukulahleka kwegazi. Ukopha kunokuba:

• Ngaphakathi komzimba (ngaphakathi)
• Ngaphandle komzimba (ngaphandle)

Ukopha kunokwenzeka:

• Ngaphakathi emzimbeni xa igazi liphuma kwimithambo yegazi okanye kumalungu
• Ngaphandle komzimba xa igazi lihamba ngokuvulwa kwendalo (njengendlebe, impumlo, umlomo, ubufazi, okanye i-rectum)
• Ngaphandle komzimba xa igazi lihamba ngekhefu eluswini

Fumana uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo lokopha kakhulu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho ukopha ngaphakathi. Ukopha ngaphakathi kungasongela ubomi ngokukhawuleza. Kufuneka unyango kwangoko.

Ukulimala kakhulu kunokubangela ukopha kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukonzakala okuncinci kunopha kakhulu. Umzekelo sisilonda sasentloko.

Ungopha kakhulu xa uthatha iyeza lokucoca igazi okanye unesifo sokopha njenge-hemophilia. Ukopha kubantu abanjalo kufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Elona nyathelo libalulekileyo lokuphuma ngaphandle kukufaka uxinzelelo ngqo. Oku kuya kumisa ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphandle.

Ngalo lonke ixesha hlamba izandla zakho ngaphambili (ukuba kunokwenzeka) nasemva kokuba unike umntu wokuqala ukopha uncedo lokuqala. Oku kunceda ukuthintela usulelo.

Zama ukusebenzisa iiglavu zelatex xa unyanga umntu owophayo. Iiglavu zelatex mazibe kuzo zonke izixhobo zoncedo lokuqala. Abantu abangadibaniyo ne-latex banokusebenzisa iiglavu ze-nonlatex. Unokubamba izifo, ezinje nge-hepatitis yentsholongwane okanye i-HIV / AIDS, ukuba uchukumisa igazi elosulelekileyo kwaye lingena kwilonda elivulekileyo, nditsho nelincinci.

Nangona amanxeba okuhlatywa ngokuqhelekileyo engophi kakhulu, abeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo. Funa unyango ukuze uthintele isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi okanye olunye usulelo.

Isisu, i-pelvic, i-groin, intamo, kunye nesilonda amanxeba kunokuba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi. Basenokungakhangeleki kakhulu, kodwa banokubangela ukothuka kunye nokufa.

• Funa ukhathalelo lonyango kwangoko kuso nasiphi na isisu, i-pelvic, i-groin, intamo, okanye inxeba lesifuba.
• Ukuba amalungu abonisa ngenxeba, ungazami ukuwatyhalela emva endaweni yawo.
• Gquma ukwenzakala ngelaphu elimanzi okanye ngebhandeji.
• Faka uxinzelelo oluthambileyo ukunqanda ukopha kwezi ndawo.

Ukuphulukana negazi kunokubangela ukuba igazi liqokeleleke phantsi kolusu, liguqule libe mnyama kwaye luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ukugruzuka). Faka i-compress epholileyo kwindawo leyo ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa ukudumba. Musa ukubeka umkhenkce ngqo kulusu. Songela umkhenkce kuqala.

Ukopha kunokubangelwa kukonzakala, okanye kunokubakho ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukopha okuzenzekelayo kuxhaphakileyo kwenzeka ngeengxaki kumalungu, okanye emathunjini okanye kwimichiza yesibeleko.

Unokuba neempawu ezinje:

• Igazi eliphuma kwilonda elivulekileyo
• Ukuthuthuzela

Ukopha kunokubangela ukothuka, okunokubandakanya naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukudideka okanye ukuncipha kokujonga
• Ulusu lweClammy
• Ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukukhanya entlokweni emva kokonzakala
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Ubumhlophe (pallor)
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza (ukonyusa izinga lentliziyo)
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ubuthathaka

Iimpawu zokopha ngaphakathi zinokubandakanya ezi zidweliswe apha ngasentla zothuko kunye noku kulandelayo:

• Iintlungu zesisu kunye nokudumba
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Utshintsho kumbala wolusu

Igazi eliphuma kuvulo lwendalo emzimbeni linokuba luphawu lokopha ngaphakathi. Ezi mpawu zibandakanya:

• Igazi esitulweni (libonakala limnyama, imaroon, okanye bomvu)
• Igazi kumchamo (ubonakala ubomvu, upinki, okanye umbala weti)
• Igazi emhlanzweni (lijongeka libomvu ngokuqaqambileyo, okanye limdaka njengendawo yekhofi)
• Ukopha kwilungu lobufazi (kunzima kunesiqhelo okanye emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni)

Uncedo lokuqala lulungele ukopha kwangaphandle. Ukuba ukopha kakhulu, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho ukopha ngaphakathi, okanye umntu wothukile, fumana uncedo olungxamisekileyo.

1. Zolile uze umqinisekise loo mntu. Ukubona kwegazi kunokoyikisa kakhulu.
2. Ukuba inxeba lichaphazela ulusu oluphezulu (ngaphezulu), yihlambe ngesepha namanzi ashushu uze uwome. Ukopha kumanxeba angaphezulu okanye okrwitshiweyo (abrasions) kuhlala kuchazwa njengokufuma, kuba kuyacotha.
3. Beka umntu phantsi. Oku kunciphisa amathuba okuphelelwa ngamandla ngokunyusa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwingqondo. Xa kunokwenzeka, phakamisa ilungu lomzimba elophayo.
4. Susa nayiphi na inkunkuma okanye ubumdaka obunokubona enxebeni.
5. SUKUYISUSE into enje ngemela, intonga okanye utolo olubotshelelwe emzimbeni. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela umonakalo ongaphezulu kunye nokopha. Beka iiphedi kunye neebhandeji ezijikeleze into kwaye ubambe into endaweni.
6. Beka uxinzelelo ngqo kwisilonda sangaphandle ngebhandeji engenazintsholongwane, ilaphu elicocekileyo, okanye isiqwenga sempahla. Ukuba akukho enye into ekhoyo, sebenzisa isandla sakho. Uxinzelelo olungqalileyo lungcono ekuphumeni kwegazi kwangaphandle, ngaphandle kokonzakala kwamehlo.
7. Gcina uxinzelelo kude kuyeke ukuphuma kwegazi. Xa iyekile, songa ngokuqinileyo inxeba lokunxiba ngeteyiphu yokuncamathelisa okanye isiqwenga sempahla ecocekileyo. Sukukroba ukubona ukuba ukopha kuyekile na.
8. Ukuba ukopha kuyaqhubeka kwaye kungena ngento ebanjiweyo enxebeni, sukuyisusa. Beka nje elinye ilaphu ngaphezulu kwelokuqala. Qiniseka ukuba ufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.
9. Ukuba ukopha kakhulu, fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuthintela ukothuka. Gcina amalungu omzimba owonzakeleyo ehleli ngokupheleleyo. Beka umntu tyaba, phakamisa iinyawo malunga nee-intshi ezili-12 okanye iisentimitha ezingama-30, uze umgqume umntu ngengubo okanye ngengubo. Ukuba kuyenzeka, UNGAMSUSISI umntu ukuba bekukho intloko, intamo, umqolo, okanye umonzakalo emlenzeni, kuba ukwenjenjalo kunokwenza ukuba ukwenzakala kube kubi. Fumana uncedo lonyango ngokukhawuleza.

XA UTHENGA UKUSETYENZISWA KWEZOKHENKETHO

Ukuba uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo aluzange luyeke ukuphuma kwegazi, kwaye ukuphuma kwegazi kunzima kakhulu (kusongela ubomi), i-tourniquet ingasetyenziselwa de kufike uncedo lwezonyango.

• Ityelelo lokhenketho kufuneka lisetyenziswe kwilungu le-intshi ezimbini ukuya kwezi-3 (i-5 ukuya kwi-7.5 yeesentimitha) intshi ngaphezulu kwenxeba elophayo. Gwema ukudibanisa. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, beka ukhenketho ngaphezulu kwendibaniselwano.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sukuyifaka ngqo isikhumba kulusu. Ukwenza njalo kunokujija okanye ukucofa ulusu kunye nezicubu. Sebenzisa i-padding okanye usebenzise i-tourniquet ngaphezulu komlenze we-pant okanye umkhono.
• Ukuba unayo ikiti yoncedo lokuqala eza netyelelo, yisebenzise kwilungu lomzimba.
• Ukuba ufuna ukwenza ukhenketho, sebenzisa iibhandeshi ezimbini ukuya kwi-4 yeesentimitha (5 ukuya kwi-10 cm) ububanzi kwaye uzisongele umlenze izihlandlo ezininzi. Bopha iqhina elinesiqingatha okanye lesikwere, ushiye iziphelo ezikhululekileyo zide ngokwaneleyo ukuze ubophe elinye iqhina. Intonga okanye intonga eqinileyo kufuneka ibekwe phakathi kwamaqhina amabini. Yijike intonga ide ibhandeji iqiniswe ngokwaneleyo ukuba inganqumama ukopha kwaye uyigcine endaweni yayo.
• Bhala phantsi okanye ukhumbule ixesha apho i-tourniquet isetyenziswe khona. Xelela oku kubaphenduli bezonyango. (Ukugcina ukhenketho ixesha elide kunokulimaza iimbilini kunye nezicubu.)

SUKUKHANGELA enxebeni ukuze ubone ukuba ukopha kuyamisa na. Okukhona inxeba liphazamiseka, kokukhona uya kukwazi ukulawula ukopha.

SUKUPHUPHE inxeba okanye ukhuphe into efakwe enxebeni. Oku kuhlala kubangela ukopha nangakumbi.

SUKUYISUSE into yokunxiba xa ithe yangeniswa ligazi. Endaweni yoko, yongeza entsha ngaphezulu.

SUKUZAMA ukucoca inxeba elikhulu. Oku kunokubangela ukuphuma kwegazi okunzima.

SUKUZAMA ukucoca inxeba emva kokuba wopha phantsi kolawulo. Fumana uncedo lwezonyango.

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko ukuba:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi akunakulawulwa, kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwetyelelo, okanye kubangelwe kukulimala okunzima.
• Inxeba lisenokufuna umthungo.
• Igravel okanye ukungcola akunakususwa ngokulula ngokucoca kakuhle.
• Ucinga ukuba kungabakho ukopha ngaphakathi okanye ukothuka.
• Iimpawu zosulelo ziyakhula, kubandakanya ukwanda kwentlungu, ukuba bomvu, ukudumba, umbala omthubi okanye omdaka, ukudumba kwe-lymph node, umkhuhlane, okanye imijelo ebomvu esasazeka ukusuka kwisiza ukuya entliziyweni.
• Ukulimala kwakubangelwa isilwanyana okanye ukuluma komntu.
• Isigulana asikhange sidubule nge-tetanus kule minyaka mi-5 ukuya kweli-10 idlulileyo.

Sebenzisa ingqiqo kwaye ugcine iimela nezinto ezibukhali kude nabantwana abancinci.

Hlala usesikhathini malunga nokugonywa.

Ukuphulukana negazi; Ukopha okuvulekileyo kokopha

• Ukuyeka ukopha ngoxinzelelo oluthe ngqo
• Ukuyeka ukopha ngetoni
• Ukuyeka ukopha ngoxinzelelo kunye nomkhenkce

I-Bulger EM, uSnyder D, uSchoelles K, et al. Isikhokelo esisekwe kubungqina sangaphambi kwesibhedlele sokulawula ukopha kwangaphandle: Ikholeji yaseMelika yeKomiti yoNyango yoKonzakala. Inkathalo ye-Prehosp Emerg. Ngo-2014; 18 (2): 163-173. IINKCUKACHA: 24641269 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24641269.

Inkqubo yeHayward CPM. Indlela yezonyango kwisigulana esopha okanye esityumkileyo. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2018: isahluko 128.

USimon BC, uHern HG. Imigaqo yolawulo lwamanxeba. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: Iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 52.