Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi?

Umxholo

• Isebenza njani le nkqubo?
• Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo kunye nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lokukhulelwa
• Uvavanyo lwe-thyroid
• Uvavanyo lomhlaza
• Izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo
• Uvavanyo lwe-Anemia
• Inpatient vs.Ukuvavanywa kwegazi
• Iingcebiso zokufumana iziphumo ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Ukusuka kumanqanaba e-cholesterol ukuya kubalo lwegazi, zininzi iimvavanyo zegazi ezikhoyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iziphumo ziyafumaneka ngaphakathi kwemizuzu yokwenza uvavanyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuthatha iintsuku okanye iiveki ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi.

Kungekudala ungafunda njani amanqanaba akho ngokuxhomekeke kuvavanyo ngokwalo kunye nezinye izinto.

Isebenza njani le nkqubo?

Ukutsalwa kwegazi kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-venipuncture. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukuthatha igazi emthanjeni. Abasebenzi bezonyango abaziwa ngokuba zii-phlebotomists badla ngokwenza ukutsalwa kwegazi. Ukuthatha igazi lakho, baya:

• Hlamba izandla zabo ngesepha namanzi okanye isicoci sezandla uze uthambise iiglavu.
• Beka i-tourniquet (ihlala ilula, ibhendi yerabha) ejikeleze indawo, ihlala ingalo yakho.
• Chonga umthambo kwaye ucoce indawo ngokosula utywala.
• Faka inaliti encinci engenamngxuma emthanjeni. Kuya kufuneka ubone igazi liza ngenaliti nakwityhubhu yokuqokelela okanye isirinji.
• Susa i-tourniquet kwaye ubambe uxinzelelo olunobunono kwindawo ye-venipuncture. Ngamanye amaxesha, baya kubeka i-bandage phezu kwesiza.

Inkqubo yokutsala igazi inokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuba uneemithambo ezibonwa ngokulula kwaye ziyafikeleleka. Inkqubo ihlala ithatha imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha ixesha elininzi ukuchonga umthambo. Izinto ezinjengokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, amava e-phlebotomist, kunye nobungakanani bemithambo yakho kunokuchaphazela ukukhawuleza kwegazi.

Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo kunye nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo

Olunye lovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo ugqirha anokuyalela lubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC). Olu vavanyo luthatha ubukho beentlobo zeeseli ezili-10 kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets. Imizekelo yezi ziphumo zibandakanya i-hematocrit, i-hemoglobin, ubalo lweeseli ezibomvu, kunye nokubalwa kweeseli ezimhlophe. Iziphumo zeCBC zihlala zifumaneka kugqirha wakho ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24.
• Iphaneli esisiseko yokuhambisa. Olu vavanyo luthatha ii-electrolyte eziqhelekileyo egazini nakwezinye izinto. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-calcium, iswekile, isodiyam, i-potassium, icarbon dioxide, ikloride, igazi urea nitrogen, kunye ne-creatinine. Unokucelwa ukuba uzilile ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba utsale igazi lakho. Ezi ziphumo zihlala zithunyelwa kugqirha wakho ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24.
• Gqibezela iphaneli yokuhambisa. Olu vavanyo lwegazi lulinganisa yonke imiba ekhankanyiweyo kuvavanyo olungentla kunye neemvavanyo ezimbini zeprotein, ialbumin kunye neprotein iyonke, kunye neemvavanyo ezine zesibindi. Oku kubandakanya i-ALP, ALT, AST, kunye ne-bilirubin. Ugqirha unokuyalela olu vavanyo lubanzi ukuba banqwenela ukuqonda ngakumbi malunga nokusebenza kwesibindi okanye sezintso. Bahlala befumana iziphumo zakho kwintsuku enye ukuya kwezintathu.
• Iphaneli yeLipid. Iipaneli zeLipid zilinganisa inani le-cholesterol emzimbeni. Oku kubandakanya uxinizelelo oluphezulu lwe-lipoprotein (HDL) kunye ne-low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Ugqirha wakho kufuneka afumane iziphumo ezivela elebhu ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24.

Rhoqo abasebenzi basebhoratri baya kubiza okanye bathumele iziphumo ngqo kwi-ofisi kagqirha ukuze baphonononge. Kuxhomekeke kwishedyuli kagqirha wakho, unokufunda iziphumo zakho ngomnxeba okanye kwi-portal ekwi-intanethi kungekudala emva kokuba iofisi kagqirha izifumene. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ukulungele ukuvumela ixesha elininzi.

Ezinye iilebhu ziya kukhupha iziphumo ngokuthe ngqo kuwe nge-portal ekhuselekileyo ye-intanethi ngaphandle kovavanyo lukagqirha wakho. Kule meko, ilebhu inokukuxelela xa ulindele iziphumo.

Iziphumo zakho zinokulibaziseka ukuba isampulu ayonelanga (alonelanga igazi), lingcolisiwe, okanye ukuba iiseli zegazi zatshatyalaliswa ngesizathu esithile ngaphambi kokuba zifike elebhu.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lokukhulelwa

Uvavanyo lwegazi lokukhulelwa luqhelekileyo okanye lubungakanani. Uvavanyo lwegazi olusemgangathweni lunika “ewe” okanye “hayi” kwiziphumo zokukhulelwa. Uvavanyo lwegazi olunokubala lunokuphendula ukuba ingakanani ichorionic gonadotropin (hCG) ekhoyo emzimbeni. Le hormone iveliswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ixesha elithathwayo kolu vavanyo lwesiphumo luyahluka. Ukuba ugqirha unelebhu yasendlini, unokufumana iziphumo ngeyure ezimbalwa. Ukuba akunjalo, kunokuthatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Zombini ezi mvavanyo zithatha ixesha elingaphezulu kovavanyo lokuchama. Olu vavanyo luhlala lunika iziphumo kwimizuzu, kodwa aluchanekanga kangako.

Uvavanyo lwe-thyroid

Uvavanyo lwepaneli ye-thyroid ubukho behomoni ye-thyroid, efana ne-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), egazini.

Eminye imilinganiselo ibandakanya ukuthathwa kwe-T3, thyroxine (T4), kunye nesalathiso simahla-T4, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-T7. Ugqirha angayalela olu vavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umntu unengxaki yonyango echaphazela i-thyroid, njengehyperthyroidism okanye i-hypothyroidism.

Ezi ziphumo kufuneka zithunyelwe kugqirha wakho kwintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezimbini, ngenxa yoko unokuhlala ulindele ukuba ufunde amanqanaba akho kwiveki.

Uvavanyo lomhlaza

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwegazi ukufumana ubukho bomhlaza. Uvavanyo lwegazi olucetyiswayo luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza ugqirha wakho awukhangelayo. Olunye lolu vavanyo lunqabile, njengoko kunjalo kwiindidi ezithile ze-immunoglobulins kunye neempawu zesisu.

Olu vavanyo lunokuthatha iintsuku ukuya evekini okanye nangaphezulu phambi kokuba iziphumo zibekho.

Izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo

Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo luyafumaneka kuvavanyo lwe-HIV, rhoqo kumaziko ezempilo asekuhlaleni nasezikliniki. NgokweYunivesithi yaseColumbia, olu vavanyo luhlala lubonelela ngemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20. Oogqirha bakwasebenzisa iimvavanyo zegazi ukuvavanya ubukho beemeko ezinje ngeherpes, hepatitis, kunye negcushuwa. Ezi ziphumo zinokuthatha ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini.

Yazi ukuba ii-swabs (nokuba zezesini okanye ngaphakathi emlonyeni) kunye novavanyo lomchamo kunokuba yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo kuvavanyo lwe-STI. Iziphumo zinokuthatha ixesha elide ukuba iinkcubeko kufuneka zikhuliswe.

Ezinye ii-STIs azibonisi kwangoko emva kokuba zidlulisiwe, ngoko ke ugqirha unokuyalela uvavanyo lokulandela ixesha elithile emva kwesiphumo esibi.

Uvavanyo lwe-Anemia

Ugqirha unokuyalela i-CBC ukuba ivavanye i-anemia okanye i-odole iimvavanyo ezimbalwa ngokucela uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin kunye ne-hematocrit (H ne-H).Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwezi ziphumo luyafumaneka, ngamanye amaxesha kunikwa ingxelo ngemizuzu eli-10 okanye ngaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimvavanyo zaselabhoratri zinokuthatha iiyure ukubakho.

Inpatient vs.Ukuvavanywa kwegazi

Indawo inokudlala into yokuba uza kuzifumana ngokukhawuleza kangakanani iziphumo zakho. Umzekelo, ukuya kwindawo apho kukho ilabhoratri yesiza (njengesibhedlele) kunokufumana iziphumo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba igazi lakho kufuneka lithunyelwe kwelinye elebhu. Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lweemeko ezinqabileyo zihlala zifuna ukuthunyelwa kwiilebhu ezithile.

Ngokutsho kweLebhu yonyango yeNgingqi, uninzi lweziphumo zesibhedlele zinokufunyanwa kwisithuba seeyure ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu emva kokuba uthathe igazi. Ngamanye amaxesha igazi elitsalwe kwezinye, izibonelelo ezingezizo ezesibhedlele zinokuthatha iintsuku ezininzi ukufumana iziphumo.

Iingcebiso zokufumana iziphumo ngokukhawuleza

Ukuba unethemba lokufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi ngokukhawuleza, ezinye iingcebiso zokwenza oku zingabandakanya:

• Cela ukuba utsale igazi kwindawo apho kukho ilabhoratri yesiza.
• Buza ukuba ngaba ngaba kukho "uvavanyo olukhawulezayo" ukhetho kuvavanyo oluthile, olunjengo-H no-H lwe-anemia.
• Buza ukuba ngaba iziphumo zingathunyelwa kuwe nge-portal yewebhu.
• Buza ukuba ungalinda na kwiziko lonyango de zifumaneke iziphumo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi luthatha ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kuxhomekeka ekubeni uvavanyo lwegazi luqhele kangakanani. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa rhoqo, njenge-CBC okanye ipaneli ye-metabolic, zihlala zifumaneka ngokukhawuleza kuneemvavanyo ezinqabileyo. Zimbalwa iilebhu ezinokuba novavanyo olufumanekayo kwezi meko, ezinokuthi zinciphise iziphumo.

Ukuthatha

Ngokuyila kuvavanyo olukhawulezayo, uninzi lweemvavanyo zaselebhu ziyafumaneka kwakamsinya kunangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, kuhlala kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wakho aqwalasele ngononophelo ngaphambi kokudlula kwiziphumo. Ukubuza ugqirha okanye amagcisa elebhu malunga nokuba uvavanyo luza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani kunokukunceda ukuba umisele ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufumana iziphumo.

I-AACC ibonelela ngolwazi olubanzi malunga novavanyo lwegazi kwisikhokelo sabo.