Ukungxamiseka kwamehlo

Ukungxamiseka kwamehlo kubandakanya ukusika, ukukrwela, izinto ezisesweni, ukutsha, ukuvezwa kwemichiza, kunye nokulimala okungafunekiyo kwiliso okanye kwinkophe. Unyango oluthile lwamehlo kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango, ezinje ngegazi okanye iglaucoma, zisenokufuna unyango kwangoko. Kuba iliso lonakele ngokulula, nayiphi na kwezi meko inokukhokelela kwilahleko yombono ukuba ayinyangwa.

Kubalulekile ukuba ufumane unyango ngenxa yokulimala kwamehlo okanye ijwabu kunye neengxaki. Iingxaki zamehlo (ezinje ngeliso elibomvu elibomvu okanye ukulahleka kombono) ezingabangelwa kukwenzakala nazo zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ukungxamiseka kwamehlo kubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

UTSHINTSHO

• Iliso elimnyama lidla ngokubangelwa kukulimala ngokuthe ngqo kwiliso okanye ebusweni. Ukutyumka kubangelwa kukopha phantsi kolusu. Izicubu ezijikeleze iliso zijika zimnyama ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokuthe ngcembe zibe mfusa, luhlaza, namthubi kwiintsuku ezininzi. Umbala ongaqhelekanga uyanyamalala kwiiveki ezi-2. Ukuvuvukala kwenkophe kunye nezicubu ezijikeleze iliso nazo zinokwenzeka.
• Iindidi ezithile zokuqhekeka kokakayi kunokubangela ukutyumka ujikeleze amehlo, nokuba awenzanga ngqo kwiliso.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, umonakalo omkhulu kwiliso ngokwawo uvela uxinzelelo lwejwabu leso okanye ubuso. I-hyphema ligazi ngaphakathi ngaphambili kwamehlo. Umothuko ngunobangela oqhelekileyo kwaye uhlala uvela ngqo kwiso ukusuka kwibhola.

UKWENZAKALA NGOKUPHELELEYO

• Ukulimala kweekhemikhali kwiso kunokubangelwa yingozi ehambelana nomsebenzi. Inokubangelwa ziimveliso eziqhelekileyo zekhaya ezinje ngezisombululo zokucoca, iikhemikhali zasegadini, izinyibilikisi, okanye ezinye iintlobo zeekhemikhali. Amafutha kunye neeerosol nazo zinokubangela ukutshiswa kweekhemikhali.
• Ngokutsha kwe-asidi, inkungu ye-cornea ihlala icoca kwaye kukho ithuba elihle lokuphola.
• Izinto ze-alkaline ezifana ne-lime, i-lye, i-drain cleaners, kunye ne-sodium hydroxide efumaneka kwizixhobo zefriji zingabangela umonakalo ongapheliyo kwi-cornea.
• Kubalulekile ukukhupha iliso ngesixa esikhulu samanzi acocekileyo okanye amanzi anetyuwa (ityuwa). Olu hlobo lokulimala lufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.

INJONGO YAMANYE AMAZWE NGOKWENZAKALA NGOKUQHELEKILEYO KUNYE NOKWENZAKALA KWEXHONA

• I-cornea izicubu ezicacileyo (ezibonakalayo) ezigubungele umphambili wamehlo.
• Uthuli, isanti, kunye nezinye inkunkuma zinokungena ngokulula kwiliso. Iintlungu ezingapheliyo, ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni, kunye nokubomvu zizimpawu zokuba unyango luyafuneka.
• Umzimba wasemzini elisweni unokwenzakalisa umbono ukuba into ingena kwiso ngokwalo okanye yonakalise i-cornea okanye ilensi. Imizimba yangaphandle ephoswe ngesantya esiphezulu ngoomatshini, ukugaya, okanye ukwenza isando sentsimbi zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokwenzakalisa iliso.

Ukulimala kwenkophe kunokuba ngumqondiso wokulimala kanzima kwiso ngokwalo.

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokulimala, naziphi na ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokubakho:

• Ukopha okanye olunye ubhobhozo olujikelezayo okanye olujikeleze iliso
• Ukuthuthuzela
• Ukwehla kombono
• Umbono kabini
• Intlungu yamehlo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Amehlo arhawuzelayo
• Ukuphulukana nombono, iyonke okanye inxenye, iliso elinye okanye zombini
• Abafundi bobungakanani obungalinganiyo
• Ubomvu - ukubonakala kwegazi
• Uvakalelo lwento esweni
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni
• Ukuhlaba okanye ukutshisa kwiliso

Thatha amanyathelo kwangoko kwaye ulandele amanyathelo angezantsi ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu wenzakele iliso.

INJONGO ENCINANE KWILO OKANYE EYELIDI

Iliso liya kuhlala lizicoce ngezinto ezincinci, ezinjengeenkophe kunye nesanti, ngokuqhwanyaza nokukrazula. Ukuba akunjalo, musa ukugcoba iliso okanye ucofe iinkophe. Emva koko qhubeka ujonge iliso.

1. Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi.
2. Vavanya iliso kwindawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle. Sukucinezela emehlweni.
3. Ukufumana into, yenza umntu ajonge phezulu nasezantsi, emva koko uye kwelinye icala.
4. Ukuba awuyifumani into, bamba ijwabu leso elisezantsi uze ulitsale ngobunono ujonge phantsi kwenkophe engezantsi. Ukujonga phantsi kwesiciko esingaphezulu, beka isawidi ecocekileyo yomqhaphu ngaphandle kwesiciko esingaphezulu. Bamba i-eyelashes kwaye ngobunono usonge isiciko ngaphezulu kwekotoni.
5. Ukuba into ikwijwabu leso, zama ukuyikhupha ngobunono ngamanzi acocekileyo. Ukuba ayisebenzi, zama ukubamba umqhaphu wesibini kwinto ukuze uyisuse.
6. Ukuba into ikumphezulu wamehlo, zama ngobunono ukuhlamba iliso ngamanzi acocekileyo. Ukuba ikhona, sebenzisa i-eye dropper okanye ibhotile yamaconsi wamehlo, anjengeenyembezi ezingezizo, ezibekwe ngaphezulu kwekona yangaphandle yeliso. Sukuchukumisa iliso ngokwalo nge-dropper okanye ngencam yebhotile.

Ukuziva unomsindo okanye okunye ukungonwabisi okuncinci kunokuqhubeka emva kokususa iinkophe kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci. Oku kuya kuhamba kungaphelanga usuku okanye ezimbini. Ukuba ukungahambi kakuhle okanye ukungaboni kakuhle kuyaqhubeka, fumana uncedo lonyango.

INJONGO IBANJILE OKANYE ITHUNYELWE KWILISO

1. Shiya into endaweni. Sukuzama ukususa into. Ungayichukumisi okanye usebenzise naluphi na uxinzelelo kuyo.
2. Zolile uze umqinisekise loo mntu.
3. Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi.
4. Ibhandeji omabini amehlo. Ukugquma amehlo omabini kunceda ukuthintela ukuhamba kwamehlo. Ukuba into inkulu, beka ikomityi yamaphepha ecocekileyo okanye into efana nale iliso elonzakeleyo uyilayite endaweni yayo. Oku kuthintela ukuba into icinezelwe, enokulimaza iso ngakumbi. Ukuba into incinci, bopha amehlo omabini.
5. Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. Sukulibazisa.

IMICIMBI KWELISO

1. Gcwalisa ngamanzi apholileyo apompo ngoko nangoko. Jika intloko yomntu ukuze iliso elonzakeleyo lihle kwaye liye ecaleni. Ukubamba ijwabu leso livulekile, vumela amanzi abalekayo aphume kumbhobho wokuhambisa iliso kangangemizuzu eli-15.
2. Ukuba omabini amehlo ayachaphazeleka, okanye ukuba iikhemikhali zikwamanye amalungu omzimba, yitsho loo mntu ahlambe.
3. Ukuba umntu unxibe iilensi zonxibelelwano kwaye iilensi azikhange zikhuphe emanzini abalekayo, umntu makazame ukususa abafowunelwa emva kokugungxula.
4. Gcina iso lakho ngamanzi acocekileyo okanye ngesisombululo seetyuwa okungenani imizuzu eli-15.
5. Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. Sukulibazisa.

SIKA AMAHLO, UKRRAYYA, OKANYE UVUTHE

1. Ngenisa ngobunono ukucofa okubandayo okucocekileyo kwiliso ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokunceda uyeke ukopha. Sukufaka uxinzelelo ukulawula ukopha.
2. Ukuba igazi liyadibana kwiliso, gquma amehlo omabini ngelaphu elicocekileyo okanye ukunxiba okungenazintsholongwane.
3. Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. Sukulibazisa.

UKUNQUNYWA KWE-EYELID

1. Ngononophelo uhlambe ijwabu leso. Ukuba ukusikwa kuyopha, sebenzisa uxinzelelo olucekeceke ngelaphu elicocekileyo nelomileyo de ukuphuma kokopha. Sukucinezela kwibhola yamehlo. Kungenxa yokuba ukusikwa kunokuhamba yonke indlela ngapha kwejwabu leso, ngenxa yoko kunokubakho ukusikwa kwibhola yamehlo. Kuhlala kukhuselekile ukucofa kwithambo elijikeleze iliso.
2. Gquma ngengubo ecocekileyo.
3. Beka icompress ebandayo ekunxibeni ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokudumba.
4. Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. Sukulibazisa.

• Sukucofa okanye ukhuhle iliso elenzakeleyo.
• Sukususa iilensi zonxibelelwano ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukudumba okukhawulezileyo okwenzekayo, kukho umonzakalo wemichiza kwaye abafowunelwa abaphumanga ngokugungxula amanzi, okanye awunakufumana uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Ungazami ukususa umzimba welinye ilizwe okanye nayiphi na into ebonakala ifakiwe (ibambekile) kuyo nayiphi na indawo yamehlo. Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.
• Sukusebenzisa i-cotton swabs, i-tweezers, okanye nayiphi na into esemehlweni ayo. Iicotton swabs kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwenkophe.

Funa unonophelo olungxamisekileyo ukuba:

• Kubonakala ngathi kukho ukukrwela, ukusikwa, okanye into ingene (yangena) kwibhola yamehlo.
• Nayiphi na imichiza ingena emehlweni.
• Iliso libuhlungu kwaye libomvu.
• Isihlunu okanye intloko yenzeka ngeentlungu zamehlo (oku kunokuba luphawu lwe-glaucoma okanye ukubetha).
• Kukho naluphi na utshintsho kumbono (njengokufiphala okanye umbono ombaxa).
• Kukho ukopha okungalawulekiyo.

Jonga abantwana ngononophelo. Bafundise ukuba bakhuseleke njani.

Soloko unxiba izixhobo zokukhusela xa:

• Sebenzisa izixhobo zamandla, izando, okanye ezinye izixhobo ezibalaseleyo
• Ukusebenza ngamachiza ayityhefu
• Ukuhamba ngebhayisikile okanye kwindawo ezinomoya kunye nothuli
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo ezinamathuba aphezulu okuba ubethwe esweni ngebhola, ezinje ngemidlalo yeRaketi yangaphakathi

• Iliso
• Ikit yokunceda kumenzakalo

UGuluma K, uLee JE. Ophthalmology. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: Iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 61.

Muth CC. Ukungxamiseka kwamehlo. JAMA. Ngo-2017; 318 (7): 676. jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2648633. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-15 ka-Agasti ka-2017. Kufikeleleke ngoMeyi 7, 2019.

Vrcek I, Somogyi M, Durairaj VD. Uvavanyo kunye nolawulo lwe-periorbital trauma ye-tissue trauma. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 12.9.