Ukuvalwa kwendlela ephezulu yomoya

Ukuvaleka kwendlela engaphezulu yomoya kwenzeka xa iindlela zokuphefumla ezingaphezulu zicuthene okanye zavaleka, kusenza ukuba kubenzima ukuphefumla. Iindawo ezikwi-airway ephezulu enokuchaphazeleka yi-windpipe (trachea), ibhokisi yezwi (larynx), okanye umqala (pharynx).

Indlela yomoya iyancitshiswa okanye ivalwe ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• Ukunyanga komzimba apho i-trachea okanye umqala udumbile uvalwe, kubandakanya ukungahambelani nenyosi, amandongomane, ii-antibiotics (ezinjenge penicillin), kunye namayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi (njenge-ACE inhibitors)
• Ukutsha kweekhemikhali kunye nokusabela
• I-Epiglottitis (usulelo lwesakhiwo esahlula i-trachea kwi-esophagus)
• Umlilo okanye ukutsha xa uphefumla umsi
• Amalungu angaphandle, anje ngamandongomane kunye nokunye ukutya okuphefumlelweyo, iziqwenga zebhaluni, amaqhosha, iimali zemali kunye nezinto zokudlala ezincinci
• Usulelo lwendawo ephezulu yomoya
• Ukulimala kwindawo ephezulu yomoya
• Ithumba lePeritonsillar (ingqokelela yezinto ezisulelekileyo kufutshane neetoni)
• Ityhefu evela kwizinto ezithile, ezinje ngestrychnine
• Ithumba le-Retropharyngeal (ingqokelela yezinto ezisulelekileyo ngasemva kwendlela yomoya)
• Uhlaselo olubi lwe-asthma
• Umhlaza womqala
• I-Tracheomalacia (ubuthathaka be-cartilage exhasa i-trachea)
• Iingxaki zentambo yelizwi
• Ukuphuma okanye ukungabikho zingqondweni

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuthintelwa komoya babandakanya abo:

• Iingxaki ze-Neurologic ezifana nokuginya ubunzima emva kokubetha
• Amazinyo alahlekileyo
• Iingxaki ezithile zempilo yengqondo

Abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala abadala basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuthintelwa komoya.

Iimpawu ziyahluka, kuxhomekeka kwisizathu. Kodwa ezinye iimpawu ziqhelekile kuzo zonke iintlobo zokucinywa komoya. Oku kubandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka okanye ukubetha
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu (cyanosis)
• Utshintsho kulwazi
• Ukukrwitsha
• Ukudideka
• Kunzima ukuphefumla, ukukhefuzela umoya, kukhokelela kukothuka
• Ukungabikho zingqondweni
• Ukubetha, ukukhala, ukubetha umlozi, okanye enye ingxolo yokuphefumla engaqhelekanga ebonisa ubunzima bokuphefumla

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ajonge indlela yomoya. Umboneleli uya kubuza malunga nonobangela wokucinywa.

Iimvavanyo zihlala zingafuneki, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• I-Bronchoscopy (ityhubhu emlonyeni ukuya kwi-trachea kunye neetyhubhu ze-bronchial)
• I-Laryngoscopy (ityhubhu emlonyeni ukuya emva komqala kunye ne-voicebox)
• X-reyi

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuvaleka.

• Izinto ezinamathele kwindlela yomoya zinokususwa ngezixhobo ezizodwa.
• Umbhobho unokufakwa kwindlela yomoya (i-endotracheal tube) ukunceda ngokuphefumla.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ukuvulwa kwenziwa entanyeni kungena kwindlela yomoya (tracheostomy okanye cricothyrotomy).

Ukuba isithintelo singenxa yomzimba wasemzini, njengesiqwenga sokutya esiye saphefumlelwa ngaphakathi, ukwenza isisu esiswini okanye ukucofa kwesifuba kungasindisa ubomi bomntu.

Unyango olukhawulezileyo luyaphumelela. Kodwa imeko iyingozi kwaye inokubulala, nokuba inyangwa.

Ukuba isithintelo asikhululekanga, kunokubangela:

• Umonakalo wobuchopho
• Ukusilela ukuphefumla
• Ukufa

Ukuthintelwa komoya kuhlala kuyinto engxamisekileyo. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango. Landela imiyalelo yendlela onokuthi umgcine ngayo umntu ephefumla de kufike uncedo.

Uthintelo luxhomekeke kwisithintelo somoya ongaphezulu.

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zinokunceda ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka:

• Yitya kancinci kwaye uhlafune ukutya ngokupheleleyo.
• Musa ukusela kakhulu utywala ngaphambi okanye xa usitya.
• Gcina izinto ezincinci kude nabantwana abancinci.
• Qinisekisa ukuba amazinyo emboleko afanelekileyo.

Funda ukuqaphela uphawu lwehlabathi lokungakwazi ukuphefumla ngenxa yendlela evaliweyo yomoya: ukubamba intamo ngesandla esinye okanye zombini. Funda nokuba ungawucoca njani umzimba wasemzini kwindlela yomoya usebenzisa indlela efana nokubetha esiswini.

Ukuthintela indlela yomoya-ephezulu ephezulu

• Umqala womzimba
• Ukukrwitsha
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

Umqhubi BE, Reardon RF. Ulawulo olusisiseko lomoya kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ku: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, ii-eds. Iinkqubo zeKlinikhi zikaRoberts kunye neHedges kwiNyango kaXakeka kunye noKhathalelo oluQhelekileyo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 3.

URose E. Unyango olungxamisekileyo lokuphefumla kwabantwana: ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yomoya ephezulu kunye nosulelo. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 167.

UThomas SH, uGoodloe JM. Amalungu angaphandle. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 53.