Isifo sephepha semiphunga

Isifo sephepha (Pulmonary tuberculosis) (TB) sisifo esosulelayo esibandakanya imiphunga. Inokudlulela nakwamanye amalungu.

I-TB yemiphunga ibangelwa yintsholongwane Isifo sephepha iMycobacterium (M isifo sephepha). Isifo sephepha siyosulela. Oku kuthetha ukuba iintsholongwane zisasazeka lula kumntu osulelekileyo zisiya komnye umntu. Ungayifumana i-TB ngokuphefumla ngamathontsi omoya akhohlela ngokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla komntu owosulelekileyo. Usulelo oluba nomphumo lubizwa ngokuba yi-TB ephambili.

Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha kusulelo lokuqala lwe-TB ngaphandle kobunye ubungqina besi sifo. Usulelo lungahlala lungasebenzi (lulele) iminyaka. Abanye abantu, iyasebenza kwakhona (iyasebenza kwakhona).

Uninzi lwabantu oluba neempawu zosulelo lwe-TB ziqale ukosuleleka kwixa elidlulileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo siqala ukusebenza emva kweeveki emva kokusuleleka.

Aba bantu balandelayo basemngciphekweni ophezulu we-TB esebenzayo okanye ukuphinda yenziwe i-TB:

• Abantu abadala abadala
• Iintsana
• Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, umzekelo ngenxa ye-HIV / AIDS, ichemotherapy, isifo seswekile, okanye amayeza enza buthathaka amajoni omzimba

Umngcipheko wakho wokufumana i-TB uyanda ukuba:

• Bakufutshane nabantu abane-TB
• Hlala kwindawo ezixineneyo okanye ezingacocekanga
• Yiba nesondlo esifanelekileyo

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunyusa izinga losulelo lwe-TB eluntwini:

• Ukwanda kosulelo lwe-HIV
• Ukonyuka kwenani labantu abangenamakhaya (imeko engalunganga kunye nesondlo)
• Ubukho beentlobo ze-TB ezinganyangekiyo ngamachiza

Inqanaba lokuqala le-TB alibangeli zimpawu. Xa iimpawu ze-pulmonary TB zisenzeka, zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukukhohlela (ngesiqhelo umchamo)
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Ukubila okugqithisileyo, ngakumbi ebusuku
• Ukudinwa
• Ifiva
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Ukukhawuleza

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Oku kungabonisa:

• Ukubhabha kweminwe okanye iinzwane (kubantu abanezifo eziphambili)
• I-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo okanye ezithambileyo entanyeni okanye kwezinye iindawo
• Ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga (ukungxola)
• Izandi zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga (ii-crackles)

Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• I-Bronchoscopy (uvavanyo olusebenzisa indawo yokujonga umoya)
• Isifuba se-CT scan
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Interferon-gamma ikhupha uvavanyo lwegazi, olufana novavanyo lwe-QFT-Gold ukuvavanya usulelo lwe-TB (esebenzayo okanye usulelo kwixa elidlulileyo)
• Uvavanyo lwesikhohlela kunye neenkcubeko
• I-Thoracentesis (inkqubo yokususa umbane kwisithuba phakathi komda wangaphandle wemiphunga kunye nodonga lwesifuba)
• Uvavanyo lwe-Tuberculin yolusu (ekwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-PPD)
• I-Biopsy yethishu echaphazelekayo (yenziwe ngokungaqhelekanga)

Injongo yonyango kukunyanga usulelo ngamayeza alwa neentsholongwane ze-TB. I-TB yemiphunga esebenzayo iyanyangwa ngokudibanisa amayeza amaninzi (ngesiqhelo amayeza ama-4). Umntu uwathatha amayeza ade kuvavanywe elebhu ukuba ngawaphi amayeza asebenza ngcono.

Kuya kufuneka uthathe iipilisi ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo emini kangangeenyanga ezi-6 okanye ngaphezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe iipilisi ngendlela eyalelwe ngumboneleli wakho.

Xa abantu bengawathathi amayeza abo e-TB ngendlela ekufanele ukuba bathabathe ngayo, usulelo kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukunyanga. Intsholongwane ye-TB inokumelana nonyango. Oku kuthetha ukuba amayeza akasasebenzi.

Ukuba umntu akawathathi onke amayeza njengoko kuyalelwe, umboneleli unokufuna ukubukela umntu ethatha amayeza amiselweyo. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba ngonyango oluchongiweyo. Kule meko, amayeza anokunikwa kabini okanye kathathu ngeveki.

Kuya kufuneka uhlale ekhaya okanye ungeniswe esibhedlele kangangeeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ukunqanda ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye de ungasosuleli.

Umboneleli wakho uyalelwa ngumthetho ukuba axele isigulo sakho se-TB kwisebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni. Iqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo liza kuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana olona nyango lusemagqabini.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda uzive ukwazi ukulawula.

Iimpawu zihlala ziphucula kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 emva kokuqala unyango. I-x-ray yesifuba ayiyi kubonisa olu phuculo kude kube ziiveki okanye iinyanga kamva. Umbono ubalasele ukuba i-pulmonary TB ifunyaniswe kwangoko kwaye unyango olusebenzayo luqaliswa ngokukhawuleza.

I-Pulmonary TB inokubangela umonakalo osisigxina wemiphunga ukuba ayinyangwa kwangethuba. Inokusasazeka nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-TB angadala iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kubandakanya:

• Utshintsho kumbono
• Iinyembezi ezi-orenji okanye ezimdaka ngombala kunye nomchamo
• Irhashalala
• Ukudumba kwesibindi

Uvavanyo lombono lunokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala konyango ukuze umboneleli wakho abeke esweni naluphi na utshintsho kwimpilo yamehlo akho.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Ucinga okanye uyazi ukuba sele usesichengeni se-TB
• Uba neempawu zesifo sephepha
• Iimpawu zakho ziyaqhubeka ngaphandle konyango
• Iimpawu ezintsha ziyavela

I-TB iyakhuselwa, nkqu nakwabo sele bevelele kumntu osulelekileyo. Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba se-TB kusetyenziswa abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu okanye kubantu ekusenokwenzeka ukuba bakhe bavezwa sisifo sephepha, njengabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo.

Abantu abachanabeke kwi-TB kufuneka bavavanywe ulusu ngokukhawuleza kwaye baphinde bavavanywe kamva, ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lokuqala luthi awunayo.

Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lolusu luthetha ukuba udibene neentsholongwane ze-TB. Oko akuthethi ukuba une-TB esebenzayo okanye uyosulela. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nendlela yokuthintela ukufumana i-TB.

Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwe-TB kwabo bane-TB esebenzayo baye kwabo bangazange bosulelwe yi-TB.

Amanye amazwe anezehlo eziphezulu ze-TB anika abantu iyeza lokuthintela ekuthiwa yi-BCG ukunqanda i-TB. Kodwa, ukusebenza kweli chiza kunqunyelwe kwaye akusetyenziswa eMelika kuthintelo lwe-TB.

Abantu abane-BCG basenokuvavanyelwa ulusu i-TB. Xoxa ngeziphumo zovavanyo (ukuba zilungile) nomboneleli wakho.

Isifo sephepha; Isifo sephepha - imiphunga; Mycobacterium - yemiphunga

• Isifo sephepha kwizintso
• Isifo sephepha emiphungeni
• Isifo sephepha, phambili - esifubeni x-reyi
• I-pululemon nodule - umbono wangaphambili wesifuba x-ray
• I-pululemon nodule, yedwa-i-CT scan
• Isifo sephepha
• Isifo sephepha semiphunga
• I-Erythema nodosum enxulunyaniswa nesarcoidosis
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla
• Uvavanyo lwesikhumba seTuberculin

UFitzgerald DW, uSterling TR, uHaas DW. Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 249.

Isifo sephepha i-Hauk L. Isikhokelo sokuchongwa kwe-ATS, IDSA, kunye neCDC. NdinguGqirha weNdawo. 2018; 97 (1): 56-58. IINKCUKACHA: 29365230 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29365230.

Wallace WAH. Indlela yokuphefumla. Ku: Umnqamlezo we-SS, ed. I-Underwood's Pathology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 14.