Umkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane usulelo lwempumlo, umqala, kunye nemiphunga. Isasazeka ngokulula.

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngohlobo lwe-influenza A kunye no-B. Olunye uhlobo lomkhuhlane ngumkhuhlane wehagu (H1N1).

Umkhuhlane ubangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

Uninzi lwabantu lufumana umkhuhlane xa bephefumla ngamathontsi amancinci aphuma emoyeni ngenxa yokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla komntu onomkhuhlane. Ungawubamba umkhuhlane ukuba uchukumisa into enentsholongwane kuyo, emva koko uchukumise umlomo, impumlo, okanye amehlo.

Abantu bahlala bedida umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane. Zahlukile, kodwa unokuba uneempawu ezifanayo. Uninzi lwabantu lubanda kaninzi ngonyaka. Ngokuchasene noko, abantu bafumana umkhuhlane kube kanye kuphela kwiminyaka embalwa.

Ngamanye amaxesha, unokufumana intsholongwane ekwenza ukuphose okanye urhudo. Abanye abantu bakubiza oku "sisifo somkhuhlane." Eli ligama elilahlekisayo kuba le ntsholongwane ayingowomkhuhlane uqobo. Umkhuhlane uchaphazela impumlo yakho, umqala kunye nemiphunga.

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zihlala ziqala ngokukhawuleza. Ungaqala ukuziva ugula malunga neentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-7 emva kokuba udibene nentsholongwane. Uninzi lwexesha, iimpawu zivela ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3.

Umkhuhlane usasazeka ngokulula. Inokuchaphazela iqela elikhulu labantu ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Umzekelo, abafundi kunye nabo basebenza bahlala begula ngaphakathi kwe-2 okanye iiveki ze-3 zokufika komkhuhlane esikolweni okanye kwindawo yokusebenza.

Uphawu lokuqala ngumkhuhlane ophakathi kwe-102 ° F (39 ° C) kunye ne-106 ° F (41 ° C). Umntu omdala uhlala enefiva esezantsi kunomntwana.

Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• Ukugodola
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ubuso obugungxulileyo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukungabikho kwamandla
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Umkhuhlane, iintlungu, kunye neentlungu ziqala ukumka ngeentsuku ze-2 ukuya kwi-4. Kodwa iimpawu ezintsha ziyavela, kubandakanya:

• Ukukhohlela owomileyo
• Ukwanda kweempawu ezichaphazela ukuphefumla
• Impumlo egijimayo (icacile kwaye inamanzi)
• Ukuthimla
• Umqala obuhkungu

Uninzi lweempawu luye kwiintsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-7. Ukukhohlela kunye nokudinwa kunokuhlala iiveki. Ngamanye amaxesha, umkhuhlane ubuya kwakhona.

Abanye abantu banokuziva bengafuni ukutya.

Umkhuhlane unokwenza isifuba, iingxaki zokuphefumla, kunye nezinye izifo zexesha elide (ezingapheliyo) kunye neemeko zibi ngakumbi.

Uninzi lwabantu aludingi ukubona umboneleli wezempilo xa eneempawu zomkhuhlane. Kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwabantu alukho semngciphekweni wokugula kakhulu.

Ukuba ugula kakhulu ngumkhuhlane, unokufuna ukubona umboneleli wakho. Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki zomkhuhlane banokufuna ukubona umboneleli ukuba bafumana umkhuhlane.

Xa abantu abaninzi kwindawo benomkhuhlane, umboneleli unokufumana isifo emva kokuva malunga neempawu zakho. Akukho vavanyo luqhubekayo luyafuneka.

Kukho uvavanyo lokufumanisa umkhuhlane. Yenziwa ngokuswayipha impumlo okanye umqala. Uninzi lwexesha, iziphumo zovavanyo zifumaneka ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Uvavanyo lunokunceda umboneleli wakho ukumisela unyango olungcono.

UKUNAKEKELWA KWASEKHAYA

I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) kunye ne-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) inceda umkhuhlane omncinci. Ababoneleli ngamanye amaxesha bacebisa ukuba usebenzise zombini iintlobo zamayeza. MUSA ukusebenzisa iasprini.

Umkhuhlane awunyanzelekanga ukuba uze kubushushu obuqhelekileyo. Uninzi lwabantu luziva lungcono xa amaqondo obushushu esihla nge-1 degree.

Amayeza abandayo e-okhawuntareni angenza ezinye zeempawu zakho zibengcono. Amaconsi okhohlela okanye imiphimbo yomqala iya kukunceda emqaleni wakho.

Uya kudinga ukuphumla okuninzi. Sela ulwelo oluninzi. Musa ukutshaya okanye usele utywala.

IZIYOBISI ZOKUPHILA

Uninzi lwabantu abaneempawu ezinobuzaza ziziva zibhetele kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4. Akukho mfuneko yokuba babone umboneleli okanye bathathe amayeza antiviral.

Ababoneleli banokunika amayeza antiviral kubantu abagula kakhulu ngumkhuhlane. Ungawadinga la mayeza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nengxaki yomkhuhlane Iingxaki zempilo ezingezantsi zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokugula ngumkhuhlane.

• Isifo semiphunga (kubandakanya isifo sombefu)
• Iimeko zentliziyo (ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Izintso, isibindi, iimbilini, kunye neemeko zemisipha
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (kubandakanya isifo selebheli)
• Seswekile
• Amajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yezifo (ezinjengoGawulayo), unyango ngemitha, okanye amayeza athile, kubandakanya ichemotherapy kunye necorticosteroids
• Ezinye iingxaki zonyango lwexesha elide

La mayeza anokunciphisa ixesha onempawu ngalo malunga nosuku olunye. Zisebenza ngcono ukuba uqala ukuzithatha zingaphelanga iintsuku ezimbini zempawu zakho zokuqala.

Abantwana abasemngciphekweni kwimeko enzima yomkhuhlane banokuwadinga la mayeza.

Izigidi zabantu eUnited States bafumana umkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka. Uninzi lwabantu lubangcono kwiveki enye okanye ezimbini, kodwa amawaka abantu abanomkhuhlane ahlakulela inyumoniya okanye usulelo lobuchopho. Kufuneka bahlale esibhedlele. Malunga nabantu abangama-36,000 eUnited States bayafa minyaka le ngenxa yeengxaki zomkhuhlane.

Nabani na kunini na ubudala unokuba neengxaki ezinzulu kumkhuhlane. Abo basemngciphekweni omkhulu baquka:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65
• Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala
• Abasetyhini abakhulelwe ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintathu
• Nabani na ohlala kwindawo yokhathalelo yexesha elide
• Nabani na onentliziyo engapheliyo, imiphunga, okanye iimeko zezintso, isifo seswekile, okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• I-Encephalitis (usulelo lwengqondo)
• Ukudumba kwenwebu yengqondo
• Ukuxhuzula

Shayela umnikezeli wakho ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane kwaye ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni wokuba neengxaki.

Kwakhona, biza umnikezeli wakho ukuba iimpawu zakho zomkhuhlane zibi kakhulu kwaye unyango lwakho alusebenzi.

Unokuthatha amanyathelo ukuthintela ukubamba okanye ukusasaza umkhuhlane. Elona nyathelo lilungileyo kukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane.

Ukuba unomkhuhlane:

• Hlala kwigumbi lakho, kwigumbi lokulala, okanye ekhaya ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho uhambe.
• Nxiba imaski xa ushiya igumbi lakho.
• Gwema ukwabelana ngokutya, izitya, iikomityi okanye iibhotile.
• Sebenzisa isicoci sesandla rhoqo emini kwaye rhoqo emva kokuchukumisa ubuso bakho.
• Vala umlomo wakho ngethishu xa ukhohlela uze uyilahle emva kokusetyenziswa.
• Khohlela kumkhono wakho ukuba izihlunu azifumaneki. Gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumlo kunye nomlomo.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) acebisa ukuba wonke umntu iinyanga ezi-6 nangaphezulu kufuneka afumane iyeza lokugonya lomkhuhlane. Abantwana iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka esi-8 ubudala banokufuna iidosi ezi-2 ngexesha elinye lomkhuhlane. Wonke umntu ufuna kuphela idosi enye ngexesha ngalinye lomkhuhlane. Ngexesha le-2019-2020, i-CDC icebisa ukusetyenziswa kwesifo somkhuhlane (isitofu sokugonya esingasebenziyo se-influenza okanye i-IIV) kunye nogonyo lwe-influenza (RIV). Iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane ngeempumlo (isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane, okanye i-LAIV) linokunikwa abantu abasempilweni, abangakhulelwanga abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwengama-49 ubudala.

Umkhuhlane A; Umkhuhlane B; Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - umkhuhlane; Zanamivir (Relenza) - umkhuhlane; Vaccine - umkhuhlane

• Umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane - yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho - umntu omdala
• Umkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha-umntwana wakho
• I-pneumonia kubantu abadala - ukukhutshwa
• I-pneumonia kubantwana - ukukhutshwa

• Umzimba oqhelekileyo wemiphunga
• Umkhuhlane
• Ugonyo lokutshiza umkhuhlane

I-Aoki FY. Amachiza okulwa intsholongwane kunye nezinye izifo zentsholongwane yokuphefumla. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 45.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Ukungasebenzi kwe-VIS yomkhuhlane. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/flu.html. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 15, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 19, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Phila, umkhuhlane we-intranasal VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/flulive.html. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 15, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 19, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nomkhuhlane amachiza antiviral. www.cdc.gov/flu/antivirals/whatyoushould.htm. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 25, 2021. Kufumaneka ngoFebruwari 17, 2021.

I-Havers FP, iCampbell AJP. Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 285.

Ison MG, uHayden FG. Umkhuhlane. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 340.

UTreanor JJ. Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane, kubandakanya umkhuhlane weentaka kunye nomkhuhlane wehagu. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 165.