Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis kukudumba kwemiphunga ngenxa yokuphefumla kwinto yangaphandle, ihlala iluhlobo oluthile lothuli, ukungunda, okanye ukungunda.

I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ihlala ivela kubantu abasebenza kwiindawo apho kukho amanqanaba aphezulu othuli, ukungunda, okanye ukungunda.

Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kunokubangela ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga kunye nesifo esibuhlungu semiphunga. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, imeko ebukhali ijika ibe sisifo semiphunga esihlala ixesha elide (esingapheliyo).

I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis nayo inokubangelwa yifungi okanye ibhaktheriya kwizinyibilikisi, iinkqubo zokufudumeza, kunye nezomoya ezifumaneka emakhaya naseziofisini. Ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali ezithile, ezinje ngeesocyanates okanye i-acid anhydrides, nako kunokukhokelela kwi-hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Imizekelo ye-hypersensitivity pneumonitis ibandakanya:

Umphunga weentaka: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Kubangelwa kukuziveza ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye ngamandla kwiiproteni ezifumaneka kwiintsiba okanye kwilindle leentlobo ezininzi zeentaka.

Umphunga womfama: Olu hlobo lwe-hypersensitivity pneumonitis lubangelwa kukungcola kothuli olusuka kwifreyimu, umququ, kunye neenkozo.

Iimpawu ze-hypersensitivity pneumonitis ebukhali zihlala zivela kwiiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokuba ushiye indawo apho kufunyanwa khona into ekhubekisayo. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukufumana unxibelelwano phakathi komsebenzi wakho kunye nesifo. Iimpawu zinokusombulula ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele kwindawo apho uhlangane khona nento leyo. Kwisigaba esingapheliyo sale meko, iimpawu zihlala zihleli kwaye azichaphazeleka kakhulu kukuvezwa kwezinto.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukugodola
• Khohlela
• Ifiva
• Malaise (ndiziva ndigula)
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Iimpawu ze-hypersensitivity pneumonitis ezingapheliyo zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuphefumla, ngakumbi ngomsebenzi
• Ukhohlela, uhlala usomile
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ukuphulukana nobunzima ngabom

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu zakho.

Umboneleli wakho unokuva izandi zemiphunga ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba zii-crackles (rales) xa umamele esifubeni sakho nge-stethoscope.

Utshintsho emiphungeni ngenxa yehypersensitivity pneumonitis engapheliyo inokubonwa kwisifuba x-ray. Olunye uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Aspergillosis precipitin ukukhangela ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwi-fungus ye-aspergillus
• I-Bronchoscopy ngokuhlamba, i-biopsy, kunye ne-bronchoalveolar lavage
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwesifuba
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwehypersensitivity pneumonitis
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6)
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wePulmonary
• Utyando lwe-lung biopsy

Okokuqala, into eyonayo kufuneka ichongwe. Unyango lubandakanya ukuphepha le nto kwixa elizayo. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukutshintsha imisebenzi ukuba abanako ukuyiphepha into esemsebenzini.

Ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo sesi sifo, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba uthathe ii-glucocorticoids (amayeza ahlasela ukudumba). Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango olusetyenziselwa i-asthma lunokunceda abantu abane-hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Uninzi lweempawu luyahamba xa unqande okanye unciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwakho kwizinto ezibangele ingxaki. Ukuba uthintelo lwenziwe kwinqanaba elibi, umbono ulungile. Xa sifika kwinqanaba elingapheliyo, eso sifo sinokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili, nokuba ngaba into ephosakeleyo iyathintelwa.

Uhlobo olungapheliyo lwesi sifo lunokukhokelela kwi-pulmonary fibrosis. Olu lunqabileyo lwethishu yemiphunga edla ngokungaguquguquki. Ekugqibeleni, isigaba sokugqibela sesifo semiphunga kunye nokusilela kokuphefumla kunokwenzeka.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uphuhlisa iimpawu zehypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Ifom engapheliyo inokuthintelwa ngokuphepha izinto ezibangela ukudumba kwemiphunga.

I-alveolitis engaphandle komzimba; Umphunga womfama; Isifo somkhethi wamakhowe; Humidifier okanye isixhobo sokupholisa umoya; Umfuyi weentaka okanye wemiphunga yomdlali weentaka

• Isifo semiphunga esiphakathi kwabantu abadala- ukukhutshwa

• Bronchoscopy
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

IPatterson KC, iRose CS. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 64.

I-Tarlo SM. Isifo semiphunga emsebenzini. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 87.