Ukugula kwentaba

Ukugula okunyangekileyo kwentaba sisifo esinokuchaphazela abakhweli beentaba, abakhenkethi, abashushuluzayo, okanye abahamba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, zihlala ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezingama-8000 (2400 yeemitha).

Ukugula okuhlasela iintaba ngokukhawuleza kubangelwa kukuncipha komoya kunye namazinga eoksijini asezantsi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.

Ngokukhawuleza unyuka uye kwindawo ephezulu, kokukhona uya kufumana ukugula kwentaba.

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela ukugula kubude obuphezulu kukunyuka kancinci kancinci. Ingumbono olungileyo ukuchitha iintsuku ezimbalwa unyukela kwii-9850 iinyawo (3000). Ngaphezulu kweli nqanaba kunyuka kancinci kancinci ukuze indawo olala kuyo inganyuki ngaphezu kwe-990 yeenyawo ukuya kwi-1640 yeenyawo (300m ukuya kwi-500m) ngobusuku bonke.

Usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula kakhulu ukuba:

• Uhlala kwindawo ekufutshane nolwandle kwaye uhamba uye kwindawo ephezulu.
• Unaso isigulo ngaphambili.
• Unyuka ngokukhawuleza.
• Awukaqhelananga nokuphakama.
• Utywala okanye ezinye izinto ziphazamise ukuqhelaniswa.
• Unengxaki zonyango ezibandakanya intliziyo, inkqubo yeemvakalelo, okanye imiphunga.

Iimpawu zakho ziya kuxhomekeka kwisantya sokunyuka kwakho kunye nokuba kunzima kangakanani ukuzityhala. Iimpawu ziqala ukusuka kubumnene ukuya ekusongeleni ubomi. Banokuchaphazela inkqubo yeemvakalelo, imiphunga, izihlunu kunye nentliziyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu ziphakathi. Iimpawu zesifo sentaba esibuhlungu ukuya kwisimodareyitha sinokubandakanya:

• Kunzima ukulala
• Utywala okanye intloko-elula
• Ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Isihlunu okanye ukugabha
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza (ukubetha kwentliziyo)
• Ukuphefumla kancinci ngokuzimisela

Iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokugula okukhulu kweentaba ziquka:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu (i-cyanosis)
• Ukuxinana kwesifuba okanye ukuxinana
• Ukudideka
• Khohlela
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Ukwehla kwengqondo okanye ukurhoxa kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni
• Ngwevu okanye bumthubi
• Ukungakwazi ukuhamba kumgca othe ngqo, okanye ukuhamba konke
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane xa uphumle

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kukuvavanya kwaye amamele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope. Oku kunokuveza izandi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-crackles (rales) emiphungeni. Ii-Rales zisenokuba luphawu lolwelo emiphungeni.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Ukuskena kweBrain CT
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kubalulekile. Ukugula okunyangeka lula kwintaba kulula ukunyanga kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Olona nyango luphambili kuzo zonke iintlobo zokugula ezintabeni kukuhla (wehla) uye kwindawo ephantsi ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo. Akufanele uqhubeke nokunyuka xa uvelisa iimpawu.

Kufuneka kunikwe ioksijini eyongezelelweyo, ukuba ikhona.

Abantu abanesifo esibi sentaba banokufuna ukungeniswa esibhedlele.

Iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-acetazolamide (Diamox) linokunikwa ukukunceda uphefumle ngcono. Inokukunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu. Eli yeza linokukwenza ukuba uchame rhoqo. Qiniseka ukuba usela amanzi amaninzi kwaye uphephe utywala xa usela eli chiza. Eli yeza lisebenza kakuhle xa lithathwa ngaphambi kokufikelela kubude obuphezulu.

Ukuba unamanzi emiphungeni yakho (i-edema yemiphunga), unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ioksijini
• Unyango lwegazi oluphezulu olubizwa ngokuba yi-nifedipine
• I-Beta agonist inhalers ukuvula iindlela zomoya
• Umatshini wokuphefumla kwiimeko ezinzima
• Amachiza okwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwimiphunga ebizwa ngokuba yi-phosphodiesterase inhibitor (njenge-sildenafil)

I-Dexamethasone (i-Decadron) inokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ezibi zokugula kwintaba kunye nokudumba kwengqondo (i-cerebral edema).

Amagumbi aphathekayo e-hyperbaric avumela abagibeli ukuba bafanise iimeko kwiindawo eziphantsi ngaphandle kokuhamba ukusuka entabeni. Ezi zixhobo ziluncedo kakhulu ukuba imozulu embi okanye ezinye izinto zenza ukuba kungenzeki ukunyuka intaba.

Uninzi lweziganeko zipholile. Iimpawu ziphucuka ngokukhawuleza xa unyuka intaba uye kwindawo esezantsi.

Iimeko ezinzima zinokubangela ukufa ngenxa yeengxaki zemiphunga (i-pulmonary edema) okanye ukudumba kwengqondo (i-cerebral edema).

Kwiindawo ezikude, ukuphuma ngobungxamo akunakwenzeka, okanye unyango lunokulibaziseka. Oku kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwisiphumo.

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kwinqanaba lokwehla emva kokuba iimpawu ziqale. Abanye abantu bathambekele ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni ukugula okunxulumene nokuphakama kwaye abanakuphendula ngokunjalo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Coma (ukungaphenduli)
• Ulwelo kwimiphunga (i-edema yemiphunga)
• Ukuvuvukala kwengqondo (i-edema yecerebral), enokuthi ikhokelele ekubanjweni, kutshintsho lwengqondo, okanye kumonakalo osisigxina kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo
• Ukufa

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba unayo okanye uneempawu zokugula okuqaqambileyo kwentaba, nokuba uzive ungcono xa ubuyela kwindawo esezantsi.

Shayela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu onyukayo unazo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Inqanaba eliguqukileyo lokulumka
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla ezinzima

Yehla ngentaba ngoko nangoko kwaye ukhuseleke ngokusemandleni.

Iindlela zokuthintela ukugula okuqaqambileyo kwentaba zibandakanya:

• Ukunyuka intaba ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukunyuka okuthe ngcembe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukugula okukhulu ezintabeni.
• Yeka usuku okanye ezimbini zokuphumla kwi-2000 yeenyawo (600 yeemitha) zokunyuka ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezingama-8000 (2400 yeemitha).
• Lala kwindawo ephantsi xa kunokwenzeka.
• Qinisekisa ukuba unakho ukwehla ngokukhawuleza xa kufuneka njalo.
• Funda ngendlela yokubona iimpawu zokuqala zokugula ezintabeni.

Ukuba uhamba ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezingama-9840 (3000 yeemitha), kuya kufuneka uphathe ioksijini eyaneleyo kangangeentsuku ezininzi.

Ukuba ucwangcisa ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza, okanye ukunyukela kwindawo ephezulu, cela umboneleli wakho malunga namayeza anokunceda.

Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokubalwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-anemia), cela umboneleli wakho ukuba uhambo lwakho olucwangcisiweyo lukhuselekile. Buza kwakhona ukuba isongezelelo sesinyithi sikulungele na. I-anemia yehlisa inani leoksijini egazini lakho. Oku kukwenza ukuba ube nokugula kwentaba.

Ngelixa unyukayo:

• Musa ukusela utywala
• Sela amanzi amaninzi
• Yitya ukutya okuqhelekileyo okuphezulu kwiicarbohydrate

Kuya kufuneka uphephe ukuphakama ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga.

Ukuphakama okuphezulu kweedema yobuchopho; Ukuphakama kwe-anoxia; Ukugula okuphezulu; Ukugula kwentaba; Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-edema yemiphunga

• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

I-Basnyat B, Paterson RD. Amayeza okuhamba. Ku: IAuerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, ii-eds. Amayeza ase-Auerbach Wilderness. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 79.

IHarris NS. Amayeza aphezulu. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 136.

Luks AM, uHackett PH. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kunye neemeko zonyango esele zikho. Ku: IAuerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, ii-eds. Amayeza ase-Auerbach Wilderness. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 3.

I-Luks AM, iSchoene RB, iSwenson ER. Ukuphakama okuphezulu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 77.