Umthambo vs. Umthambo: Yintoni umahluko?

Umxholo

• Umthambo ngokuchasene nomthambo
• Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithambo?
• Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithambo?
• Umzobo womthambo kunye nomthambo
• I-Anatomy yemithambo kunye nemithambo
• Inkqubo yentliziyo
• Ukuthatha

Umthambo ngokuchasene nomthambo

Imithambo yegazi yimithambo yegazi ejongene nokuhambisa igazi eline-oksijini etyebileyo isuka entliziyweni iye emzimbeni. Imithambo yimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi eliphantsi kwioksijini ukusuka emzimbeni ubuyele entliziyweni ukuphinda wenze amandla kwakhona.

Imithambo kunye nemithambo zizinto ezimbini eziphambili zomzimba kwimithambo yegazi. Ezi zitya yimijelo ehambisa igazi emzimbeni. Ziyinxalenye yeenkqubo ezimbini ezivaliweyo zemibhobho eqala kwaye iphele entliziyweni. Ezi nkqubo zemibhobho zezi:

• Imiphunga. Iinqanawa zemiphunga yimithambo ehambisa igazi elingenayo ioksijini ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo iye emiphungeni. Imithambo ye-pulmonary ihambisa igazi eline-oksijini ebuyela kwi-atrium yentliziyo ekhohlo.
• Inkqubo. Iinqanawa zesystem yimithambo ephethe igazi eline-oksijini yegazi ukusuka kwintlambo yasekhohlo yentliziyo ukuya kwizicwili kuwo onke amalungu omzimba. Emva koko babuyisa igazi elingenayo ioksijini ngemithambo babuyele kwi-atrium elungileyo yentliziyo.

Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithambo?

Zintathu iintlobo zemithambo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenziwe ngeebhatyi ezintathu: ngaphandle, phakathi, nangaphakathi.

• Imithambo ye-elastic zikwabizwa ngokuba ziqhuba imithambo okanye umthambo imithambo. Banobungqindilili obuxineneyo obuphakathi ukuze bakwazi ukolula ukuphendula ukubetha kwentliziyo nganye.
• Imisipha (yokuhambisa) imithambo ziphakathi ngokomlinganiselo. Batsala igazi kwimithambo e-elastic kunye nesebe kwiinqanawa zokumelana. Ezi nqanawa zibandakanya imithambo encinci kunye neearterioles.
• Iiarterioles lelona candelo lincinci lemithambo elihambisa igazi lisuke entliziyweni. Balathisa igazi kwii-capillary network.

Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithambo?

Zine iintlobo zemithambo:

• Imithambo enzulu Zibekwe ngaphakathi kwizihlunu zemisipha. Banemithambo ehambelana nayo kufutshane.
• Imithambo engaphezulu zisondele kumphezulu wolusu. Azinayo imithambo ehambelanayo.
• Imithambo yegazi ukuhambisa igazi eligcwaliswe ngeoksijini yimiphunga lisiya entliziyweni. Umphunga ngamnye uneeseti ezimbini zemithambo yemiphunga, eyasekunene neyasekhohlo.
• Imithambo yenkqubo zibekwe kuwo wonke umzimba ukusuka emilenzeni ukuya entanyeni, kubandakanya iingalo kunye nesiqu. Bahambisa igazi elingenaoxygenated babuyela entliziyweni.

Umzobo womthambo kunye nomthambo

Sebenzisa lo mzobo unxibelelanayo we-3-D ukuphonononga umthambo.

Sebenzisa lo mzobo unxibelelanayo we-3-D ukukhangela umthambo.

I-Anatomy yemithambo kunye nemithambo

Iindonga zemithambo kunye nemithambo zombini zenziwe ngamanqanaba amathathu:

• Ngaphandle. I-Tunica adventitia (tunica externa) ngumaleko ongaphandle wenqanawa yegazi, kubandakanya imithambo kunye nemithambo. Ininzi yenziwe nge-collagen kunye ne-elastic fibers. Ezi fayibha zenza imithambo kunye nemithambo yolule inani elilinganiselweyo. Zolula ngokwaneleyo ukuba zibhetyebhetye ngelixa zigcina uzinzo phantsi koxinzelelo lokuhamba kwegazi.
• Phakathi. Umaleko ophakathi weendonga zemithambo kunye nemithambo ibizwa ngokuba yimithombo yeendaba tunica. Yenziwe yimisipha egudileyo kunye ne-elastic fiber. Olu luhlu luyajiya kwimithambo kwaye lucekeceke emithanjeni.
• Ngaphakathi. Uluhlu lwangaphakathi lodonga lwemithambo yegazi lubizwa ngokuba yi-tunica intima. Olu luhlu lwenziwe ngefayibha e-elastic kunye ne-collagen. Ukungaguquguquki kwayo kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesitya segazi.

Ngokungafaniyo nemithambo, imithambo ineevalvu. Imithambo ifuna iimithambo zokugcina igazi lihamba lisiya entliziyweni. I-valves ye-Theses ibaluleke kakhulu kwimilenze nakwiingalo. Balwa nomxhuzulane wokuthintela ukuphuma kwegazi.

Iimithambo azidingi zivalo kuba uxinzelelo olusuka entliziyweni lugcina igazi lihamba lingena kwicala elinye.

Inkqubo yentliziyo

Inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system yinkqubo evaliweyo yeenqanawa ezibizwa ngokuba yimithambo, imithambo kunye nee-capillaries. Zonke zidityaniswe nempompo yemisipha ebizwa ngokuba yintliziyo. Inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system igcina ukuhamba okuqhubekayo nokulawulwa kwegazi okuhambisa izondlo kunye ne-oksijini kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni. Ikwenza oku kumawakawaka eemitha ze-capillaries phakathi kwemithambo kunye nemithambo.

• Imithambo. Imithambo ye-pulmonary ithwala igazi eline-oksijini esezantsi ukusuka kwi-ventricle elungileyo yentliziyo iye emiphungeni. Imithambo ye-systemic ihambisa igazi elinomoya-mpilo ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo ukuya kuwo wonke umzimba.
• Imithambo. Imithambo ye-pulmonary ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka emiphungeni liye kwi-atrium yasekhohlo yentliziyo. Imithambo ye-systemic ithwala igazi eline-oksijini encinci ukusuka emzimbeni uye kwi-atrium elungileyo yentliziyo.
• IiCapillaries. IiCapillaries zezona zincinci kwaye zininzi kwimithambo yegazi. Zidibanisa phakathi kwemithambo (ehambisa igazi lisuka entliziyweni) kunye nemithambo (ebuyisela igazi entliziyweni). Umsebenzi ophambili wee-capillaries kukutshintshiselana ngezinto, njengeoksijini, phakathi kwegazi kunye neeseli zethishu.
• Intliziyo. Intliziyo inamagumbi amane: i-atrium yasekunene, i-ventricle yasekunene, i-atrium yasekhohlo, kunye ne-ventricle yasekhohlo. Intliziyo ibonelela ngokujikeleza kwegazi ngenkqubo yentliziyo.

Ukuthatha

Izondlo kunye neoksijini zisiwa kwiseli nganye emzimbeni wakho ngenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Intliziyo impompa igazi elinomoya kwiiseli zakho ngemithambo. Ipompa igazi eligcwele ioksijini kude kwiiseli zakho ngemithambo.