IBronchiectasis

I-Bronchiectasis sisifo apho iindlela zomoya ezinkulu emiphungeni zonakalisiwe. Oku kubangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zibe banzi ngokusisigxina.

I-Bronchiectasis inokubakho ekuzalweni okanye ebusaneni okanye ekukhuleni kamva ebomini.

I-Bronchiectasis ihlala ibangelwa kukudumba okanye usulelo lomoya oqhubeka ubuya.

Ngamanye amaxesha iqala ebuntwaneni emva kokosuleleka kakhulu yimiphunga okanye ukuphefumla into yasemzini. Ukuphefumla amasuntswana okutya nako kunokukhokelela kule meko.

Abanye oonobangela be-bronchiectasis banokubandakanya:

• ICystic fibrosis, isifo esibangela ukungunda okuncamisileyo, okuncangathi emiphungeni
• Ukuphazamiseka okuzenzekelayo, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis okanye isifo seSjögren
• Izifo zemiphunga
• Umhlaza wegazi kunye neminye imihlaza enxulumene nayo
• Ii-syndromes zokungabikho komzimba
• I-primary ciliary dyskinesia (esinye isifo sokuzalwa)
• Usulelo kunye ne-mycobacteria engekho yesifo

Iimpawu zikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Zinokwenzeka iinyanga okanye iminyaka emva kwesiganeko esibangela i-bronchiectasis.

Ixesha elide (elingapheliyo) ukukhwehlela ngesixa esikhulu sesikhohlela esinukayo lelona phawu luphambili lwe-bronchiectasis. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Iphunga lempumlo
• Ukuhlamba igazi (okungaqhelekanga kubantwana)
• Ukudinwa
• Ubumhlophe
• Ukuphefumla kancinci kuba nzima xa usenza imithambo
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Ukukhawuleza
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi kunye nokubila ebusuku
• Ukubhabha kweminwe (kunqabile, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Xa umamele isifuba nge-stethoscope, umboneleli unokuva ukunqakraza okuncinci, ukubhuza, ukuvutha, ukukrokra, okanye ezinye izandi, zihlala kwimiphunga esezantsi.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Aspergillosis precipitin (ukujonga imiqondiso yokuphendula okwenzeka kwi-fungus)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Isifuba CT
• Inkcubeko yesikhohlela
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Uvavanyo lwe-Genetic, kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-sweat ye-cystic fibrosis kunye novavanyo lwezinye izifo (njenge-cilia dyskinesia ephambili)
• Uvavanyo lolusu lwe-PPD ukukhangela usuleleko lwesifo sephepha esidlulileyo
• I-serum immunoglobulin electrophoresis yokulinganisa iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-immunoglobulins egazini
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga ukulinganisa ukuphefumla kunye nendlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo imiphunga
• Ukunqongophala komzimba

Unyango lujolise:

• Ukulawula usulelo kunye nesikhohlela
• Ukunciphisa ukuvalwa kwomoya
• Ukuthintela ingxaki ekubeni mandundu

Umjelo wamanzi mihla le wokususa isikhohlela yinxalenye yonyango. Unyango lokuphefumla unokubonisa imithambo yomntu okhohlela eya kuthi incede.

Amayeza ahlala emiselwe. Oku kubandakanya:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukunyanga usulelo
• Iibronchodilators ukuvula iindlela zomoya
• Abalindeleyo ukunceda ukukhulula kunye nokukhohlela isikhohlela esityebileyo

Utyando lokususa (resect) imiphunga lunokufuneka xa iyeza lingasebenzi kwaye isifo sikummandla omncinci, okanye ukuba umntu wopha kakhulu emiphungeni. Kuqheleke kakhulu ukuqwalaselwa ukuba akukho bume bufunyenwe okanye bufunyenwe kwangaphambili kwi-bronchiectasis (umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba uqwalasele ukuba ngaba kukho i-bronchiectasis kwicandelo elinye lemiphunga kuphela ngenxa yothintelo lwangaphambili).

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kwisizathu esithile sesi sifo. Ngonyango, uninzi lwabantu luhlala ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okukhulu kwaye isifo siqhubeka kancinci.

Iingxaki ze-bronchiectasis zingabandakanya:

• Cor pulmonale
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Amanqanaba e-oxygen ephantsi (kwiimeko ezinzima)
• Inyumoniya ephindaphindayo
• Uxinzelelo (kwiimeko ezinqabileyo)

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuphefumla kancinci kuya kusiba mandundu
• Kukho utshintsho kumbala okanye ubungakanani bephlegm okhohlela kuyo, okanye ukuba inegazi
• Ezinye iimpawu ziba mandundu okanye zingaphucuki kunyango

Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko ngokunyanga kwangoko usulelo lwemiphunga.

Amayeza okugonya abantwana kunye nokugonya umkhuhlane minyaka le kunceda ukunciphisa amathuba osulelo. Ukuphepha izifo ezingaphezulu zokuphefumla, ukutshaya, kunye nongcoliseko kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana olu sulelo.

Ukufumana i-bronchiectasis; I-bronchiectasis yokuzalwa; Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga - i-bronchiectasis

• Utyando lwemiphunga - ukukhupha

• Amaphaphu
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

UChan ED, u-Iseman MD. IBronchiectasis. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahl 48.

U-Chang AB, u-Redding GJ. I-Bronchiectasis kunye nesifo esingapheliyo sesifo semiphunga. Ku: Wilmott RW, Deterding R, Li A, et al, ii-eds. Ukuphazamiseka kukaKendig kwendlela yokuphefumla kwaBantwana. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 26.

O'Donnell AE. I-Bronchiectasis, i-atelectasis, ii-cysts, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwasemaphandleni. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 84.