I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele

I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele sisifo semiphunga eyenzeka ngexesha lokuhlala esibhedlele. Olu hlobo lwenyumoniya lunokuba nzima kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokubulala.

I-pneumonia sisifo esiqhelekileyo. Kubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. I-pneumonia eqala esibhedlele ithande ukuba mandundu ngakumbi kunolunye usulelo lwemiphunga kuba:

• Abantu esibhedlele bahlala begula kakhulu kwaye abanako ukulwa iintsholongwane.
• Iindidi zeentsholongwane ezikhoyo esibhedlele zihlala ziyingozi kwaye ziyanyangeka kunyango kunalezo zingaphandle koluntu.

I-pneumonia yenzeka rhoqo kubantu abasebenzisa isixhobo sokuphefumla, esingumatshini obanceda ukuba baphefumle.

I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele inokusasazwa ngabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo, abanokudlulisa iintsholongwane ezandleni zabo, iimpahla, okanye izixhobo komnye umntu. Yiyo loo nto ukuhlamba izandla, ukunxiba iilokhwe, kunye nokusebenzisa amanye amanyathelo okhuseleko kubaluleke kakhulu esibhedlele.

Abantu banokuba nakho ukufumana inyumoniya esibhedlele ukuba:

• Ukusebenzisa kakubi utywala
• Ukhe wenza utyando lwesifuba okanye olunye utyando olukhulu
• Unamajoni omzimba abuthathaka kunyango lomhlaza, amayeza athile, okanye amanxeba abukhali
• Unesifo semiphunga sexesha elide (esingapheliyo)
• Ukuphefumla amathe okanye ukutya kwimiphunga yabo ngenxa yokungaqapheli ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuba neengxaki zokugwinya (umzekelo, emva kokubetha)
• Abaphaphelanga engqondweni ngenxa yamayeza okanye ukugula
• Badala
• Ngaba kumatshini wokuphefumla

Kubantu abadala abadala, uphawu lokuqala lwe-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele lunokuba lutshintsho lwengqondo okanye ukudideka.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Isikhohlela esine-phlegm eluhlaza okwesifuba (isikhohlela)
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Ukungakhululeki ngokubanzi, ukungonwabi, okanye ukuziva ungonwabanga (malaise)
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Intlungu ebukhali yesifuba esiba mandundu ngokuphefumla okunzulu okanye ukukhohlela
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokukhawuleza kwentliziyo

Ukuba umboneleli wezempilo ukrokrela inyumoniya, iimvavanyo ziya kuyalelwa. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Iigesi zegazi ezijikelezayo, ukulinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini egazini
• Iinkcubeko zegazi, ukubona ukuba usulelo luye lwasulela nasegazini
• I-x-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan, ukujonga imiphunga
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Pulse oximetry, ukulinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini egazini
• Inkcubeko yesikhohlela okanye isikhohlela segrama, ukujonga ukuba zeziphi iintsholongwane ezibangela inyumoniya

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngemithambo yakho (IV) ukunyanga usulelo lwemiphunga. Isibulala zintsholongwane osinikwayo siya kulwa neentsholongwane ezifumaneka kwinkcubeko yakho yesikhohlela okanye ekurhaneleka ukuba zibangela usulelo.
• Ioksijini yokukunceda uphefumle ngcono kunye nonyango lwemiphunga ukuze ukhulule kwaye ususe i-mucus eshinyeneyo kwimiphunga yakho.
• I-Ventilator (umatshini wokuphefumla) usebenzisa ityhubhu okanye imaski ukuxhasa ukuphefumla kwakho.

Abantu abanezinye izigulo ezimandundu abaphilanga kwinyumoniya njengabantu abangaguli kangako.

I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele inokuba sisifo esisongela ubomi. Ukulimala kwemiphunga kwexesha elide kunokwenzeka.

Abantu abatyelela abathandekayo esibhedlele kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okuthintela ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane. Eyona ndlela yokunqanda ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane kukuhlamba izandla rhoqo. Hlala ekhaya ukuba uyagula. Gcina ugonyo lwakho lusexesheni.

Emva kwalo naluphi na utyando, uya kucelwa ukuba uphefumle nzulu kwaye ujikeleze ngokukhawuleza ukuze uncede ukugcina imiphunga yakho ivulekile. Landela ingcebiso yomboneleli wakho ukunceda ukuthintela inyumoniya.

Uninzi lwezibhedlele zineenkqubo zokuthintela usulelo olufunyanwa esibhedlele.

Inyumoniya yeNosocomial; I-pneumonia ehambelana nomoya Unyumoniya onxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo; I-HCAP

• I-pneumonia kubantu abadala - ukukhutshwa

• I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

UChastre J, uLuyt CHE. I-pneumonia ehambelana nomoya. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 34.

I-Kalil AC, iMetersky ML, iKlompas M, et al. Ukuchaneka Ulawulo lwabantu abadala abane-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele kunye ne-ventilator: Izikhokelo zeklinikhi ezi-2016 zoMbutho wezifo ezosulelayo zaseMelika kunye noMbutho waseMelika weThoracic. KwiKlinikhi yosulelo lweDis. Ngo-2016; 63 (5): e61-e111. IINKCUKACHA: 27418577 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27418577.

IKlompas M. inyumoniya yeNosocomial. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 301.