Intsholongwane yegastroenteritis (isisu somkhuhlane)

I-gastroenteritis yentsholongwane ikhona xa intsholongwane ibangela usulelo lwesisu kunye namathumbu. Usulelo lunokukhokelela kurhudo kunye nokugabha. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba "sisisu somkhuhlane."

I-Gastroenteritis inokuchaphazela umntu omnye okanye iqela labantu abathe batya ukutya okufanayo okanye basela amanzi afanayo. Iintsholongwane zinokungena kwinkqubo yakho ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Ngqo ukutya okanye amanzi
• Ngendlela yezinto ezifana neepleyiti kunye nezinto zokutya
• Kugqithiswe kumntu kuye umntu ngendlela yokunxibelelana kufutshane

Zininzi iintlobo zeentsholongwane zingabangela i-gastroenteritis. Ezona ntsholongwane zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• INorovirus (intsholongwane efana neNorwalk) ixhaphakile phakathi kwabantwana abakwiminyaka yokuhamba isikolo. Inokubangela nokuqhuma kwizibhedlele nakwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa.
• I-Rotavirus ngoyena nobangela uphambili wesisu esiswini ebantwaneni. Inokosulela nabantu abadala abachaphazeleka kubantwana abanentsholongwane kunye nabantu abahlala kumakhaya abalupheleyo.
• I-Astrovirus.
• I-adenovirus engenayo.
• I-COVID-19 inokubangela iimpawu zomkhuhlane wesisu, nokuba iingxaki zokuphefumla azikho.

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo olomeleleyo baquka abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba acinezelweyo.

Iimpawu zihlala zivela kwiiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-48 emva kokudibana nentsholongwane. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Urhudo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukugodola, ulusu olunombala, okanye ukubila
• Ifiva
• Ukuqina ngokudibeneyo okanye iintlungu zemisipha
• Ukutya okungalunganga
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kujonga iimpawu zokoma, kubandakanya:

• Umlomo owomileyo okanye onamathelayo
• I-Lethargy okanye i-coma (ukungcola okukhulu)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Ukukhutshwa komchamo osezantsi okanye awukho, umchamo ojolise kuwo ubonakala umthubi mnyama
• Amabala athambileyo e-Sunken (i-fontanelles) ngaphezulu kwentloko yosana
• Azikho iinyembezi
• Amehlo atshonile

Uvavanyo lweesampuli zelindle zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga intsholongwane ebangela ukugula. Uninzi lwexesha, olu vavanyo aludingeki. Inkcubeko yesitulo inokwenziwa ukufumana ukuba ingxaki ibangelwa yintsholongwane.

Injongo yonyango kukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba unamanzi kunye neencindi ezaneleyo. Ulwelo kunye neelectrolyte (ityuwa kunye neeminerali) ezilahlekileyo ngenxa kurhudo okanye ukugabha kufuneka kutshintshwe ngokusela iziselo ezingaphezulu. Nokuba uyakwazi ukutya, kufuneka usele ulwelo olongezelelekileyo phakathi kokutya.

• Abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala banokusela iziselo zemidlalo ezinjengeGatorade, kodwa ezi akufuneki zisetyenziselwe abantwana abancinci. Endaweni yoko, sebenzisa isisombululo se-electrolyte kunye nesisombululo sokutshintsha umbane okanye iifreezer pops ezifumaneka kwiivenkile zokutya nezeziyobisi.
• Sukusebenzisa ijusi yeziqhamo (kubandakanya ijusi yeapile), iisoda okanye ikola (iflethi okanye ibhabhu), iJell-O, okanye umhluzi. Ezi zinto zingamanzi azithathi indawo yezimbiwa ezilahlekileyo kwaye zinokwenza urhudo lube mandundu.
• Sela amanzi amancinci (2 ukuya ku-4 oz. Okanye i-60 ukuya kwi-120 ml) yonke imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60. Ungazami ukunyanzela isixa esikhulu samanzi ngexesha elinye, esinokubangela ukugabha. Sebenzisa itispuni (5 yeemililitha) okanye isirinji usana okanye umntwana omncinci.
• Iintsana zinokuqhubeka nokusela ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi olungumgubo kunye nolwelo olongezelelekileyo. AKUFUNI kutshintshela kwifomula yesoya.

Zama ukutya ukutya okuncinci rhoqo. Ukutya ukuzama kubandakanya:

• Ukutya, isonka, iitapile, inyama engenamafutha
• I-yogurt engenanto, iibhanana, ii-apile ezintsha
• Imifuno

Ukuba unorhudo kwaye awukwazi ukusela okanye ugcine ulwelo phantsi ngenxa yokuba ubucaphucaphu okanye ukugabha, unokufuna ulwelo ngomthambo (IV). Iintsana nabantwana abancinci kunokwenzeka ukuba badinge iincindi ze-IV.

Abazali kufuneka bajonge ngononophelo inani lamanabile amanzi anayo usana okanye umntwana omncinci. Bambalwa amanabukeni manzi luphawu lokuba usana ludinga ulwelo ngakumbi.

Abantu abathatha iipilisi zamanzi (i-diuretics) abaphuhlisa urhudo banokuxelelwa ngumboneleli wabo ukuba bayeke ukuzithatha de iimpawu ziphuculwe. Nangona kunjalo, SUKUYEKE ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza kagqirha ngaphandle kokuqala uthethe nomboneleli wakho.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi kwiintsholongwane.

Ungawathenga amayeza kwindawo ekuthengiswa kuyo amayeza anokunceda uyeke okanye urhudo lucothe.

• Sukusebenzisa la mayeza ungakhange uthethe nomboneleli wakho ukuba unorhudo olunegazi, umkhuhlane, okanye ukuba urhudo lukhulu.
• Musa ukunika la mayeza kubantwana.

Kubantu abaninzi, isigulo siyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle konyango.

Ukuphelelwa ngamandla emzimbeni kunokubakho kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba urhudo luhlala ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezininzi okanye ukuba kwenzeka ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nomboneleli wakho ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale mpawu:

• Igazi esitulweni
• Ukudideka
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Umlomo owomileyo
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe
• Isicaphucaphu
• Azikho iinyembezi xa ulila
• Akukho mchamo kangangeeyure ezisi-8 nangaphezulu
• Ukubonakala kwe-Sunken emehlweni
• Indawo ethambileyo esunken entlokweni yosana (fontanelle)

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho kwangoko ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu zokuphefumla, umkhuhlane okanye ukubonakaliswa kwi-COVID-19.

Uninzi lweentsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya zigqithiselwa emntwini zisiya ezandleni ezingagezwanga. Eyona ndlela yokuthintela umkhuhlane wesisu kukuphatha ukutya ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.

Qiniseka ukuba ujonge ukubekwa wedwa ekhaya kunye nokuzibamba ngokwakho ukuba i-COVID-19 ikrokrelwa.

Isitofu sokuthintela usulelo lwe-rotavirus siyacetyiswa kwiintsana eziqala kwiinyanga ezi-2 ubudala.

Usulelo lweRotavirus - gastroenteritis; Intsholongwane yeNorwalk; Gastroenteritis - intsholongwane; Umkhuhlane wesisu; Urhudo - intsholongwane; Izitulo ezikhululekileyo - intsholongwane; Isisu esibuhlungu - intsholongwane

• Xa unesicaphucaphu nokugabha

• Inkqubo yokwetyisa
• Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya

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IDuPont HL, i-Okhuysen PC. Indlela eya kwisigulana esosulelayo sisifo se-enteric. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 267.

IKotloff KL. Gastroenteritis Acute ebantwaneni. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 366.

IMelia JMP, iiSears CL. I-enteritis esulelayo kunye neproctocolitis. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 110.