Umhlaza womzimba

Umhlaza ongalunganga ngumhlaza oqala emathunjini amakhulu (ikholoni) okanye kwi-rectum (ukuphela kwekholoni).

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokuchaphazela ikholoni. Ezi ziquka i-lymphoma, i-carcinoid tumors, i-melanoma kunye ne-sarcomas. Ezi zinqabile. Kule nqaku, umhlaza wekolon ubhekisela kumhlaza womhlaza kuphela.

E-United States, umhlaza wombala yenye yezona zinto zibangela ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yomhlaza. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunokukhokelela kunyango olupheleleyo.

Phantse yonke imihlaza yomhlaza iqala kumngxunya wekholoni kunye ne-rectum. Xa oogqirha bethetha ngomhlaza obomvu, oku kuhlala kuyiloo nto bathetha ngayo.

Akukho sizathu sinye somhlaza wekolon. Phantse zonke iicancer zomhlaza ziqala njengee-polyps ezingenabungozi (ezinobungozi), ezithi chu ziphuhle zibe ngumhlaza.

Unomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wekolon ukuba:

• Badala kuna-50
• Ngaba ama-Afrika aseMelika okanye asempuma yeYurophu
• Yitya ukutya okuninzi okubomvu okanye okwenziweyo
• Ngaba iipolyps ezinobumba
• Unesifo sesisu sokuvuvukala (isifo seCrohn okanye i-ulcerative colitis)
• Unembali yosapho yomhlaza wekolon

Ezinye izifo ezizuze njengelifa zonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wekolon. Enye yezona zixhaphakileyo kuthiwa sisifo seLynch.

Into oyityayo inokudlala indima ekufumaneni umhlaza wekolon. Umhlaza wekolon unokunxulunyaniswa nokutya okunamafutha aphezulu, ukutya okune-fiber encinci kunye nokutya kakhulu inyama ebomvu. Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba umngcipheko awusuki xa utshintshela kukutya okunesinga eliphezulu, ke eli khonkco alikacaci.

Ukutshaya iisigarethi kunye nokusela utywala zezinye zezinto ezinobungozi kumhlaza onobala.

Iimeko ezininzi zomhlaza wekolon azinazo iimpawu. Ukuba kukho iimpawu, oku kulandelayo kungabonisa umhlaza wekolon:

• Iintlungu zesisu kunye nokuthantamisa kwisisu esisezantsi
• Igazi esitulweni
• Urhudo, ukuqhina, okanye olunye utshintsho kwimikhwa yamathumbu
• Izitulo ezimxinwa
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo

Ngokuvavanywa kovavanyo, umhlaza wekolon unokufunyanwa ngaphambi kokuvela kweempawu. Yilapho umhlaza uphiliswa kakhulu.

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ucinezele kwindawo yakho yesisu. Uvavanyo lomzimba alufane lubonise naziphi na iingxaki, nangona ugqirha enokuziva esisigaqa esiswini. Uvavanyo lwe-rectal lunokutyhila ubunzima kubantu abanomhlaza womhlaza, kodwa hayi umhlaza wekolon.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lokungcola kwegazi (FOBT) lunokubona inani elincinci legazi esitulweni. Oku kunokucebisa umhlaza wekolon. I-sigmoidoscopy, okanye ngakumbi, i-colonoscopy, iya kwenziwa ukuvavanya unobangela wegazi kwisitulo sakho.

I-colonoscopy epheleleyo inokubona yonke ikholoni. Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili lokuvavanywa komhlaza wekolon.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa kwabo bafunyaniswe benomhlaza obala, kubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC) ukujonga i-anemia
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi

Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomdlavuza ococekileyo, kuya kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukujonga ukuba ngaba umhlaza usasazekile. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yistage. Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT okanye i-MRI yesisu, indawo ye-pelvic, okanye isifuba kunokusetyenziselwa ukubeka umhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuskena kwe-PET kuyasetyenziswa.

Amanqanaba omhlaza wekolon ngala:

• Isigaba 0: Umhlaza wokuqala kwangoko kumgangatho ongaphakathi wamathumbu
• Isigaba I: Umhlaza ukwindawo zangaphakathi zekolon
• Isigaba II: Umhlaza usasazekile ngodonga lwezihlunu zekholoni
• Isigaba III: Umhlaza usasazekile kwii-lymph node
• Isigaba IV: Umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu angaphandle kwekholoni

Uvavanyo lwegazi ukufumana amanqaku e-tumor, anjenge-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) anokunceda ugqirha ukuba akulandele ngexesha nasemva konyango.

Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya inqanaba lomhlaza. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Utyando lokususa ithumba
• I-Chemotherapy ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza
• Unyango ngemitha ukutshabalalisa izicwili ezinomhlaza
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo ukugcina umhlaza ungakhuli kwaye usasazeke

UKUGQIBELA

Inqanaba 0 Umhlaza wekolon unokunyangwa ngokususa ithumba usebenzisa i-colonoscopy. Kwinqanaba I, II, kunye nomhlaza wesithathu, kufuneka kwenziwe utyando olubanzi ukuze kususwe icandelo lekholon elinomhlaza. Olu tyando lubizwa ngokuba yi-colon resection (colectomy).

UKUQINISEKISA

Phantse bonke abantu abanesifo somhlaza webakala le-III bafumana ichemotherapy emva kotyando iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-adjuvant chemotherapy. Nangona ithumba lisuswe, ichemotherapy inikwa ukunyanga naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale.

I-Chemotherapy ikwasetyenziselwa ukuphucula iimpawu kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokusinda kubantu abanesifo somhlaza webakala le-IV.

Unokufumana uhlobo olunye lwamayeza okanye indibaniselwano yamayeza.

AMAXHALA

Ngamanye amaxesha unyango lwe-radiation lusetyenziselwa umhlaza wekolon.

Kubantu abanesifo seNqanaba IV esiye sasasazeka esibindini, unyango olujolise esibindini lunokusetyenziswa. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Ukutshisa umhlaza (ablation)
• Ukuhambisa i-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation ngqo esibindini
• Ukukhenkceza umhlaza (cryotherapy)
• Ugqirha

UNYANGO OLUJOLISIWEYO

• Iithagethi zonyango ekujoliswe kuzo kwiithagethi ezithile (iimolekyuli) kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ezi njongo zidlala indima kwindlela iiseli zomhlaza ezikhula kwaye zisinde ngayo. Sebenzisa oku kujoliswe kuko, iyeza likhubaza iiseli zomhlaza ukuze zingabinako ukusasazeka. Unyango olujolisiweyo lunokunikwa njengeepilisi okanye lunokujojelwa emthanjeni.
• Usenokuba ujolise kunyango kunye notyando, ichemotherapy, okanye unyango lwemitha.

Unako ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso yomhlaza wekolon. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza wekolon uyanyangeka xa ubanjwe kwangethuba.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ngakumbi inqanaba lomhlaza. Xa bephathwa kwinqanaba lokuqala, abantu abaninzi baphila ubuncinci iminyaka emi-5 emva kokuxilongwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lizinga lokusinda leminyaka emi-5.

Ukuba umhlaza wekolon awubuyi (ukuphinda ubuye) kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5, uthathwa ngokuba unyangekile. Amanqanaba omhlaza we-I, II, kunye no-III athathelwa ingqalelo njenganyangekayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inqanaba IV lomhlaza awuthathelwa ingqalelo njengonyango, nangona kukho ukungafani.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuvaleka kwekholon, kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu
• Umhlaza ubuyela kwikholoni
• Umhlaza usasazeka kwamanye amalungu okanye izicubu (i-metastasis)
• Ukuphuhliswa komhlaza wesibini wokuqala womhlaza

Shayela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unayo:

• Mnyama, ilindle elifana netar
• Igazi ngexesha lokuhamba kwamathumbu
• Guqula imikhwa yamathumbu
• Ukuphulukana nobunzima obungachazwanga

Umhlaza wekolon unokuhlala ubanjwa yi-colonoscopy kwinqanaba lakhe lokuqala kunye nelona linokunyangeka. Phantse onke amadoda nabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu kufuneka babe nokuvavanywa komhlaza wekolon. Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu banokufuna ukuhlolwa kwangoko.

Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wekolon kuhlala kufumana iipolyps ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza. Ukususa ezi polyp kunokuthintela umhlaza wekolon.

Ukutshintsha indlela otya ngayo nendlela ophila ngayo kubalulekile. Uphando lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba ukutya okunamafutha asezantsi kunye nefayibha ephezulu kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wekolon.

Umhlaza womzimba; Umhlaza - ikholoni; Umhlaza obonakalayo; Umhlaza - ingqa; Adenocarcinoma - ikholoni; Ikholoni - adenocarcinoma; IColon carcinoma

• Imitha esiswini-ukukhutshwa
• Ukutya kweBland
• Ukutshintsha ingxowa yakho ye-ostomy
• I-Chemotherapy -yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ileostomy nomntwana wakho
• Ileostomy kunye nokutya kwakho
• Ileostomy - ukukhathalela i-stoma yakho
• Ileostomy-ukutshintsha ingxowa yakho
• Ileostomy - ukukhutshwa
• Ileostomy - yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukuthengiswa kwakhona okukhulu kwamathumbu - ukukhutshwa
• Ukuhlala neileostomy yakho
• Imitha yepelvic - ukukhutshwa
• Unyango ngemitha- imibuzo oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukuthengiswa kwamathumbu amancinci amancinci - ukukhutshwa
• Iyonke i-colectomy okanye iproctocolectomy-ukukhutshwa
• Iindidi zeileostomy

• I-enema yeBarium
• Colonoscopy
• Inkqubo yokwetyisa
• Umhlaza obonakalayo-i-x-ray
• Umhlaza weSigmoid colon - x-ray
• I-spleen metastasis-CT ukuskena
• Ubume bekholoni
• Amanqanaba omhlaza
• Inkcubeko yamakholoni
• Umhlaza wekolon-Uthotho
• IColostomy-Uthotho
• Ukuthengiswa kwakhona kwamathumbu amakhulu-uthotho
• Amathumbu amakhulu (ikholoni)

IGarber JJ, iChung DC. IiColyp polyps kunye neepolyposis syndromes. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 126.

Umthetho M, Johnston B, Van Schaeybroeck S, et al. Umhlaza womzimba. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 74.

IZiko leSizwe loMhlaza. Uthintelo lweColorectal Cancer (PDQ) -Unguqulelo lwezeMpilo. www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/hp/colorectal- uthintelo-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 28, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoJuni 9, 2020.

Inethiwekhi yeSizwe ebanzi yoMhlaza. Izikhokelo zokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi yeNCCN kwiOncology. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza ngokungalunganga. Inguqulelo 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colorectal_screening.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 8, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoJuni 9, 2020.

Qaseem A, Crandall CJ, Mustafa RA, Hicks LA, Ngaba TJ; IKomiti yeZikhokelo zeKlinikhi yaseMelika yaseMelika yoGqirha. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza ongalunganga kubantu abadala abasemngciphekweni: ingxelo yesikhokelo esivela kwiKholeji yaseMelika yoGqirha. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2019; 171 (9): 643-654. IINKCUKACHA: 31683290 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683290.

Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, okqhubekayo. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza ongalunganga: izindululo zoogqirha kunye nezigulana ezivela kwi-U.S. Multi-Society Task Force kwiColorectal Cancer. NdinguJ Gastroenterol. Ngo-2017; 112 (7): 1016-1030. IINKCUKACHA: 28555630 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28555630.