IHepatitis A

IHepatitis A kukudumba (ukucaphuka kunye nokudumba) kwesibindi kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis A.

Intsholongwane kaHepatitis A ifumaneka ikakhulu esitulweni nasegazini lomntu osulelekileyo. Intsholongwane ikhona malunga neentsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezi-45 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu kwaye kwiveki yokuqala yokugula.

Unokubamba i-hepatitis A ukuba:

• Uyatya okanye usele ukutya okanye amanzi angcoliswe zizitulo (ilindle) elinentsholongwane ye-hepatitis A. Iziqhamo nemifuno engaphekwanga kunye nengaphekwanga, iqokobhe, umkhenkce kunye namanzi zizinto eziqhelekileyo kwesi sifo.
• Udibana nesitulo okanye igazi lomntu okwangoku onesifo.
• Umntu one-hepatitis A uyayigqithisela kwinto okanye ukutya ngenxa yokungahlambi izandla emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Uthatha inxaxheba kwizenzo zesondo ezibandakanya ukunxibelelana ngomlomo.

Asinguye wonke umntu oneempawu zosulelo lwe-hepatitis A. Ke ngoko, baninzi abantu abosulelekileyo kunaleyo ifunyanisiweyo okanye ixeliweyo.

Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Ukuhamba phesheya, ngakumbi ukuya e-Asiya, eMzantsi okanye kuMbindi Merika, e-Afrika nakuMbindi Mpuma
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi nge-IV
• Ukuhlala kwiziko lokugcina abantu abalupheleyo
• Ukusebenza kukhathalelo lwempilo, ukutya, okanye imboni yogutyulo
• Ukutya ii-shellfish eziluhlaza ezifana neembatyisi kunye ne-clams

Olunye usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hepatitis virus lubandakanya i-hepatitis B kunye ne-hepatitis C. I-Hepatitis A sesona sifo sinzulu kwaye sinobulali kwezi zifo.

Iimpawu zihlala zibonisa iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokuvezwa kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis A. Bahlala benobulali, kodwa banokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezininzi, ngakumbi kubantu abadala.

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Umchamo omnyama
• Ukudinwa
• Ukurhawuzelela
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ipeyinti okanye izitulo ezinombala wodongwe
• Isikhumba esimthubi (i-jaundice)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, olunokubonisa ukuba isibindi sakho sandisiwe kwaye sithambile.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubonisa:

• I-IgM ephakanyisiweyo kunye ne-IgG antibodies kwi-hepatitis A (IgM ihlala ilungile ngaphambi kwe-IgG)
• Iintsholongwane ze-IgM ezibonakala ngexesha losulelo olubi
• Ukuphakanyiswa kwee-enzyme zesibindi (iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wesibindi), ngakumbi amanqanaba e-enzyme ye-transaminase

Akukho lonyango oluthile lwe-hepatitis A.

• Kuya kufuneka uphumle kwaye uhlale unamanzi amaninzi xa iimpawu zimbi kakhulu.
• Abantu abane-hepatitis ebukhali kufuneka baphephe utywala kunye neziyobisi eziyityhefu kwisibindi, kubandakanya i-acetaminophen (iTylenol) ngexesha lokugula kakhulu kunye neenyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuchacha.
• Ukutya okunamafutha kunokubangela ukugabha kwaye kungathintelwa ngexesha lesifo.

Intsholongwane ayihlali emzimbeni emva kokuba usuleleko luphelile.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-hepatitis A lubuyela ngaphakathi kwiinyanga ezintathu. Phantse bonke abantu bayangcono kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu. Akukho monakalo ungapheliyo xa sele uphinde wachacha. Kwakhona, awunakufumana sifo kwakhona. Kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokufa. Umngcipheko uphakamileyo kubantu abadala kunye nabantu abanesifo esingapheliyo sesibindi.

Shayela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unempawu ze-hepatitis.

Ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zinokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasazeka okanye wokufumana intsholongwane:

• Njalo hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, kwaye xa udibana negazi lomntu osulelekileyo, ilindle, okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba.
• Kuphephe ukutya okungcolileyo namanzi.

Intsholongwane ingasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kumaziko okunakekela abantwana nakwezinye iindawo apho abantu badibana khona. Ukuhlamba izandla kakuhle ngaphambi nasemva kotshintsho ngalunye lwe-diaper, ngaphambi kokuphaka ukutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuqhambuka okunjalo.

Buza umboneleli wakho malunga nokufumana i-immune globulin okanye isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis A ukuba uthe wachaphazeleka kwesi sifo kwaye awuzange ube ne-hepatitis A okanye isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis A.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokufumana enye okanye zombini ezi zonyango zibandakanya:

• Unesifo se-hepatitis B okanye i-C okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwezifo ezingapheliyo zesibindi.
• Uhlala nomntu one-hepatitis A.
• Kutshanje uye waba neentlobano zesini nomntu one-hepatitis A.
• Kutshanje uye wabelana ngeziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, nokuba zijoyiwe okanye ungazichazanga, nomntu one-hepatitis A.
• Unonxibelelwano olusondeleyo malunga nexesha kunye nomntu one-hepatitis A.
• Utyile kwindawo yokutyela apho ukutya okanye abaphathi bokutya bafunyanwa benesifo okanye benesifo sehepatitis.
• Uceba ukuya kwiindawo apho i-hepatitis A iqhelekileyo.

Izitofu ezikhusela kusulelo lwe-hepatitis A ziyafumaneka. Isitofu sokugonya siqala ukukhusela iiveki ezi-4 emva kokufumana idosi yokuqala. Uya kudinga ukufumana i-booster shot 6 ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12 kamva ukuze ukhuseleke ixesha elide.

Abahambi kufuneka bathathe la manyathelo alandelayo ukukhusela ekufumaneni isifo:

• Gwema iimveliso zobisi.
• Gwema inyama ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle kunye nentlanzi.
• Lumkela iziqhamo ezisikiweyo ezinokuhlanjwa emanzini angahlambulukanga. Abahambi kufuneka baxobule zonke iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.
• MUSA ukuthenga ukutya kubathengisi basesitratweni.
• Gonyelwa i-hepatitis A (kwaye mhlawumbi i-hepatitis B) xa usiya kumazwe apho kwenzeka khona isifo.
• Sebenzisa kuphela amanzi asebhotileni anekhabhonikhi xa uhlamba amazinyo kunye nokusela. (Khumbula ukuba iityhubhu zomkhenkce zinokuthwala usulelo.)
• Ukuba amanzi asebhotileni akafumaneki, amanzi abilayo yeyona ndlela ingcono yokususa ihepatitis A. Yizisa amanzi emathunjini apheleleyo okungenani umzuzu omnye ukukwenza ukuba kukhuseleke ukusela.
• Ukutya okufudumeleyo kufuneka kushushu ekuphathweni kwaye kutyiwe kwangoko.

Hepatitis wentsholongwane; Hepatitis esosulelayo

• Inkqubo yokwetyisa
• IHepatitis A

UFreedman MS, uHunter P, uAult K, uKroger A. IKomiti yeeNgcebiso malunga neZenzo zoGonyo icebisa ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka eli-19 okanye ngaphezulu-eUnited States, 2020. MMWR Mntundini Wokufa Wkly Rep. Ngo-2020; 69 (5): 133-135. IINKCUKACHA: 32027627 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32027627.

IPawlotsky JM. Hepatitis wentsholongwane egazini. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 139.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uPoehling K, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P. IKomiti yeeNgcebiso malunga neZenzo zoGonyo yacebisa ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo abaneminyaka eli-18 nangaphantsi-eUnited States, 2020. MMWR Mntundini wokufa Wkly Rep. Ngo-2020; 69 (5): 130-132. IINKCUKACHA: 32027628 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32027628.

USjogren MH, uBassett JT. IHepatitis A. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: IPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahluko 78.