Ukukrala kwemiphunga

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni inyumoniya?
• Yintoni ebangela inyumoniya?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wenyumoniya?
• Zithini iimpawu zenyumoniya?
• Zeziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokubangelwa yinyumoniya?
• Ifunyaniswa njani inyumoniya?
• Luthini unyango lwenyumoniya?
• Ngaba inyumoniya inokuthintelwa?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni inyumoniya?

I-pneumonia sisifo esosulelayo kwenye okanye yomibini imiphunga. Yenza ukuba izingxobo zomoya zemiphunga zizalise ulwelo okanye ubofu. Iyakwazi ukusuka kumnene ukuya kunzima, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane ebangela intsholongwane, ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yakho yonke.

Yintoni ebangela inyumoniya?

Usulelo lwebacteria, lwentsholongwane, kunye nefungus lunokubangela inyumoniya.

Ibacteria sesona sizathu sixhaphakileyo. I-pneumonia yebacteria inokwenzeka yodwa. Inokuphinda ikhule emva kokuba uneentsholongwane ezithile ezinjengokubanda okanye umkhuhlane. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zebacteria zinokubangela inyumoniya, kubandakanya

• IStreptococcus pneumoniae
• ULegionella pneumophila; le pneumonia ihlala ibizwa ngokuba sisifo seLegionnaires
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• I-Chlamydia pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae

Iintsholongwane ezosulela indlela yokuphefumla zinokubangela inyumoniya. I-pneumonia yentsholongwane ihlala ithambile kwaye ihambe yodwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunzima kakhulu ukuba kufuneka ufumane unyango esibhedlele. Ukuba une-pneumonia yentsholongwane, usengozini yokufumana inyumoniya yentsholongwane. Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezinokubangela inyumoniya zibandakanya

• Intsholongwane yokuphefumla intsholongwane (RSV)
• Ezinye iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ezibandayo kunye nomkhuhlane
• I-SARS-CoV-2, intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19

I-fungal pneumonia ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneengxaki zempilo ezingapheliyo okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka. Ezinye zeentlobo zibandakanya

• IPneumocystis inyumoniya (PCP)
• ICoccidioidomycosis, ebangela umkhuhlane kwintlambo
• Imbali
• I-Cryptococcus

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wenyumoniya?

Nabani na onokufumana inyumoniya, kodwa izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko:

• Ubudala; umngcipheko uphezulu kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 nangaphantsi kunye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimichiza ethile, ukungcola, okanye umsi onetyhefu
• Indlela yokuphila, njengokutshaya, ukusebenzisa kakhulu utywala, kunye nokungondleki
• Ukuba sesibhedlele, ngakumbi ukuba ukwi-ICU. Ukuhlala phantsi kunye / okanye kumatshini wokuphefumla kuphakamisa umngcipheko ngakumbi.
• Ukuba nesifo semiphunga
• Ukuba namajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• Unengxaki yokukhohlela okanye yokuginya, ukusuka kwistroke okanye enye imeko
• Kutshanje ndigula ngumkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane

Zithini iimpawu zenyumoniya?

Iimpawu zenyumoniya zinokuthamba ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima kwaye zibandakanya

• Ifiva
• Ukugodola
• Ukukhwehlela, ngesiqhelo nge-phlegm (into encinci evela kwimiphunga yakho)
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Intlungu yesifuba xa uphefumla okanye ukhohlela
• Isihlunu kunye / okanye ukugabha
• Urhudo

Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo. Iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa kunye neentsana zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu zosulelo. Abanye banokugabha kwaye banomkhuhlane kunye nokukhohlela. Banokubonakala begula, bengenamandla, okanye bangazoli.

Abantu abadala abadala kunye nabantu abanezifo ezimandundu okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka banokuba neempawu ezimbalwa kunye nokuqina. Banokuba nobushushu obuphantsi kuneqhelekileyo. Abantu abadala abanesifo semiphunga ngamanye amaxesha baye batshintshe ngesiquphe kulwazi lwengqondo.

Zeziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokubangelwa yinyumoniya?

Ngamanye amaxesha inyumoniya inokubangela iingxaki ezinje nge

• I-Bacteremia, eyenzekayo xa iibhaktheriya zihamba kwigazi. Inobuzaza kwaye inokukhokelela kukothuka okubabazekayo.
• Amathumba emiphunga, aqokelela ubofu kwimingxunya yemiphunga
• Ukuphazamiseka, kunye neemeko ezichaphazela i-pleura. I-pleura sisihlunu esigubungela umphandle wemiphunga kunye nemigca engaphakathi kwesifuba sakho.
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Ukusilela kokuphefumla

Ifunyaniswa njani inyumoniya?

Ngamanye amaxesha inyumoniya kunokuba nzima ukuyichonga. Kungenxa yokuba kunokubangela ezinye zeempawu ezifanayo nokubanda okanye umkhuhlane. Kungathatha ixesha ukuba uqaphele ukuba imeko yakho imbi kakhulu.

Ukwenza isifo, umboneleli wakho wezempilo

• Uya kubuza malunga nembali yonyango kunye neempawu
• Uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, kubandakanya ukumamela imiphunga yakho nge-stethoscope
• Ngamana ungenza iimvavanyo, kubandakanya
  • I-x-ray yesifuba
  • Uvavanyo lwegazi olufana nokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi (CBC) ukubona ukuba amajoni akho omzimba alwa kusini na nosulelo
  • Inkcubeko yegazi ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba unesifo sentsholongwane esisasazeke kwigazi lakho

Ukuba usesibhedlele, uneempawu ezinzima, ukhulile, okanye unezinye iingxaki zempilo, unokufumana iimvavanyo ezininzi, ezinje

• Uvavanyo lwesikhohlela, olujonga iintsholongwane kwisampuli yesikhohlela (ukutshica) okanye iphlegm (into encinci evela kwimiphunga yakho).
• Isifuba se-CT scan ukubona ukuba ingakanani imiphunga yakho echaphazelekayo. Ingabonisa kwakhona ukuba unengxaki ezinjenge-abscesses yamaphaphu okanye i-pleural effusions.
• Inkcubeko enamanzi amdaka, ekhangela intsholongwane kwisampulu enamanzi ethathwe kwindawo yokubongoza
• Ukuvavanywa kwenqanaba le-oximetry okanye uvavanyo lweoksijini yegazi, ukujonga ukuba ingakanani ioksijini egazini lakho
• I-Bronchoscopy, inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukujonga ngaphakathi kwimiphunga yakho yomoya

Luthini unyango lwenyumoniya?

Unyango lwenyumoniya luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenyumoniya, ebangelwa yintsholongwane, kwaye nokuba inzima kangakanani:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aphatha inyumoniya yentsholongwane kunye nezinye iintlobo zenyumoniya. Azisebenzi kwinyumoniya yentsholongwane.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, umboneleli wakho unokumisela amayeza antiviral kwi-pneumonia yentsholongwane
• Amayeza okubola anyanga ezinye iintlobo zenyumoniya

Kuya kufuneka uphathwe esibhedlele ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima okanye ukuba usengozini yeengxaki. Ngoxa ulapho, unokufumana unyango olongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, ukuba inqanaba legazi leoksijini liphantsi, unokufumana unyango lweoksijini.

Kungathatha ixesha ukuphinda uphinde uphinde ufumane inyumoniya. Abanye abantu baziva bebhetele kwisithuba seveki. Kwabanye abantu, kunokuthatha inyanga okanye nangaphezulu.

Ngaba inyumoniya inokuthintelwa?

Izitofu zokugonya zinganceda ukukhusela inyumoniya ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-pneumococcal okanye intsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Ukuba nococeko, ukungatshayi, kunye nokuphila ngendlela esempilweni kunokunceda ekuthinteleni inyumoniya.

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