Ikholera

Ikholera yintsholongwane ebangelwa yintsholongwane emathunjini amancinci edala urhudo olunamanzi amaninzi.

Ikholera ibangelwa yintsholongwane Ikholera yevibrio. Ezi bhaktheriya zikhupha ityhefu ebangela ukuba inani elonyukayo lamanzi likhutshwe kwiiseli ezihambelana namathumbu. Oku kwanda kwamanzi kuvelisa urhudo oluqatha.

Abantu bahlakulela usulelo ngokutya okanye ukusela ukutya okanye amanzi aqukethe intsholongwane yekholera. Ukuhlala okanye ukuhamba kwiindawo apho ikholera ikhoyo kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuyifumana.

Ikholera yenzeka kwiindawo apho kungabikho nyango lwamanzi okanye unyango lwelindle, okanye ingxinano, imfazwe nendlala. Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zekholera zibandakanya:

• Afrika
• Ezinye iindawo zaseAsia
• Indiya
• Bhangladeshi
• Mekhsikho
• EMzantsi nakuMbindi Merika

Iimpawu zekholera kunokuba nzima ukuba nzima. Ziquka:

• Iintlanzi zesisu
• Inwebu eyomileyo eyomileyo okanye umlomo owomileyo
• Ulusu olomileyo
• Ukunxanwa okugqithisileyo
• Iiglasi okanye amehlo atshonile
• Ukungabikho kweenyembezi
• Ukuhamba
• Iziphumo eziphantsi zomchamo
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukupheliswa kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza (ukubetha kwentliziyo)
• Sunken "amabala athambileyo" (fontanelles) kwiintsana
• Ukulala ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukudinwa
• Ukuhlanza
• Urhudo olunamanzi oluqala ngequbuliso kwaye lunephunga "leentlanzi"

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi
• Inkcubeko yestool kunye nebala legram

Injongo yonyango kukubuyisela ulwelo kunye neetyiwa ezilahlekileyo kurhudo. Urhudo kunye nokulahleka kolwelo kunokukhawuleza kwaye kugqithise. Kunokuba nzima ukubuyisela ulwelo olulahlekileyo.

Kuxhomekeka kwimeko yakho, unokunikwa ulwelo ngomlomo okanye ngethambo (nge-intravenous, okanye nge-IV). Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunciphisa ixesha uziva ugula.

Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (World Health Organisation) (WHO) uvelise iipakethi zetyuwa ezixutywe namanzi acocekileyo ukunceda ukubuyisela ulwelo. Ezi zitshiphu kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa kunesiqhelo IV fluid. Ezi pakethi ngoku zisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukuphelelwa ngamandla emzimbeni kunokubangela ukufa. Uninzi lwabantu luya kuchacha ngokupheleleyo xa benikwe ulwelo olwaneleyo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla emzimbeni
• Ukufa

Tsalela umnxeba ukuba ukhula urhudo olunamandla. Biza kwakhona ukuba unempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kubandakanya:

• Umlomo owomileyo
• Ulusu olomileyo
• Amehlo "aneglasi"
• Azikho iinyembezi
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza
• Ukunciphisa umchamo okanye awukho
• Amehlo atshonile
• Unxaniwe
• Ukulala ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukudinwa

Kukho isitofu sokugonya ikholera esifumanekayo kubantu abadala abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kuma-64 abahamba besiya kwindawo enesifo secholera. Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lweZifo akayicebisi iyeza lokuthintela ikholera kubahambi abaninzi kuba uninzi lwabantu aluhambi kwiindawo apho ikholera ikhoyo.

Abahambi kufuneka bahlale belumkile xa besitya ukutya namanzi okusela, nokuba bayagonywa.

Xa kuqhambuka ikholera, kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokuseka amanzi acocekileyo, ukutya, kunye nogutyulo lwelindle. Ugonyo alusebenzi kakuhle ekulawuleni uqhambuko.

• Inkqubo yokwetyisa
• Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya
• Iintsholongwane

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Ikholera - Vibrio cholerae usulelo. www.cdc.gov/cholera/vaccines.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 15, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngoMeyi 14, 2020.

IGotuzzo E, iilwandle uCholera kunye nolunye usulelo lwe-vibrio. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 286.

Umbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo wezeMpilo kwiwebhusayithi. Iphepha lokumiswa kwe-WHO kwiityuwa zomlomo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ukunciphisa ukubhubha kwabantu ngenxa yekholera. www.who.int/cholera/technical/en. Kufumaneka ngo-Meyi 14, 2020.

UWaldor MK, uRyan ET. Ikholera yevibrio. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 214.