Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile

Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile sisifo sobomi bonke (esinganyangekiyo) apho kukho inqanaba eliphezulu leswekile (iswekile) egazini. Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile lolona luqhelekileyo isifo seswekile.

I-insulin yihomoni eveliswa kwipancreas ziiseli ezizodwa, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-beta. Ipancreas ingezantsi nangasemva kwesisu. I-insulin iyafuneka ukuhambisa iswekile yegazi (iswekile) kwiiseli. Ngaphakathi kweeseli, iswekile iyagcinwa kwaye kamva isetyenziselwa amandla.

Xa unesifo seswekile sesi-2, amanqatha akho, isibindi kunye nezihlunu zemisipha aziphenduli ngokuchanekileyo kwi-insulin. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukunganyangeki kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yoko, iswekile esegazini ayingeni kwezi seli ukuze igcinelwe amandla.

Xa iswekile ingenako ukungena kwiiseli, inqanaba eliphezulu leswekile liyanda egazini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hyperglycemia. Umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa iswekile kumandla. Oku kukhokelela kwiimpawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile.

Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile luhlala lukhula kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Uninzi lwabantu abanesi sifo batyeba kakhulu okanye batyebe kakhulu xa befunyaniswa ukuba banesi sifo. Ukunyuka kwamafutha kwenza kube nzima ukuba umzimba wakho usebenzise i-insulin ngendlela echanekileyo.

Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile luyakwazi nokukhula kubantu abangatyebanga kakhulu okanye abatyebe kakhulu. Oku kuqhelekileyo kubantu abadala.

Imbali yosapho kunye nemfuza zidlala indima kuhlobo lwesibini lweswekile. Inqanaba lomsebenzi ophantsi, ukutya okungalunganga, kunye nobunzima bomzimba ogqithisileyo esinqeni kwandisa amathuba okufumana isifo.

Abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 bahlala bengenazo iimpawu ekuqaleni. Basenokungabi nazo iimpawu iminyaka emininzi.

Iimpawu zokuqala zeswekile ezibangelwa linqanaba leswekile yegazi ephezulu inokubandakanya:

• Isinyi, izintso, ulusu, okanye ezinye izifo ezixhaphakileyo okanye eziphilileyo kancinci
• Ukudinwa
• Indlala
• Ukwanda ukoma
• Ukwanda komchamo
• Umbono omfiliba

Emva kweminyaka emininzi, isifo seswekile singakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zempilo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ezinye iimpawu ezininzi.

Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokurhanela ukuba unesifo seswekile ukuba inqanaba leswekile yegazi lakho liphezulu kuneemiligram ezingama-200 kwidesilitha nganye (mg / dL) okanye kwi-11.1 mmol / L. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kufuneka kwenziwe olunye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo zilandelayo.

• Ukuzila ukutya inqanaba leswekile yegazi- Iswekile ifunyaniswa ukuba yi-126 mg / dL (7.0 mmol / L) okanye ngaphezulu amaxesha amabini ahlukeneyo.
• Uvavanyo lweHemoglobin A1c (A1C) -Isifo seswekile sifunyaniswa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zi-6.5% okanye ngaphezulu.
• Uvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngomlomo ngeswekile- Iswekile ifunyaniswa ukuba inqanaba leswekile ingama-200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) okanye ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-2 emva kokusela isiselo esikhethekileyo seswekile.

Ukuhlolwa kweswekile kucetyiswa ukuba:

• Ukutyeba kakhulu abantwana abaneminye imingcipheko yesifo seswekile, ukuqala kubudala be-10 kunye nokuphindaphinda yonke iminyaka emi-2
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu komzimba (i-BMI engama-25 okanye ngaphezulu) abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye ukuba nomama, utata, udade okanye umntakwabo onesifo seswekile
• Abafazi abagqithisileyo abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, abaceba ukukhulelwa
  
• Abantu abadala abaqala kwiminyaka engama-45 qho emva kweminyaka emi-3, okanye bebancinci ukuba umntu unemingcipheko

Ukuba ufumene ukuba unesifo seswekile sesi-2, kuya kufuneka usebenze ngokusondeleyo nomboneleli wakho. Jonga umboneleli wakho rhoqo njengoko kuyalelwe. Oku kunokuba qho emva kweenyanga ezintathu.

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ziya kukunceda wena nomboneleli wakho ukuba ujonge isifo seswekile kwaye uthintele iingxaki.

• Jonga ulusu, imithambo, kunye namalungu eenyawo zakho kunye nemilenze.
• Jonga ukuba iinyawo zakho ziyaphela (isifo seswekile seswekile).
• Ngaba uxinzelelo lwegazi lukhangelwe kube kanye ngonyaka (uxinzelelo lwegazi kufuneka lube yi-140/80 mm Hg okanye ezantsi).
• Ngaba i-A1C yakho ivavanywe rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuba isifo sakho seswekile silawulwa kakuhle. Yenza uvavanyo rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuba isifo sakho seswekile asilawulwa kakuhle.
• Ngaba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglyceride ahlolwe kanye ngonyaka.
• Fumana iimvavanyo kube kanye ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba izintso zakho zisebenza kakuhle (i-microalbuminuria kunye ne-serum creatinine).
• Ndwendwela ugqirha wakho wamehlo ubuncinci kube kanye ngonyaka, okanye rhoqo ukuba unempawu zesifo seswekile.
• Jonga ugqirha wamazinyo qho kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokucoca amazinyo kunye novavanyo. Qinisekisa ukuba ugqirha wamazinyo kunye nococeko uyazi ukuba unesifo seswekile.

Umboneleli wakho unokufuna ukujonga iivithamini B12 zakho amanqanaba egazi ukuba uthatha iyeza le-metformin.

Ekuqaleni, injongo yonyango kukuthoba inqanaba leswekile yegazi. Iinjongo zexesha elide kukuthintela iingxaki. Ezi ziingxaki zempilo ezinokubangelwa sisifo seswekile.

Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokunyanga nokulawula udidi lwesibini lweswekile kukuba usebenze kwaye utye ukutya okusempilweni.

Wonke umntu onesifo seswekile kufuneka afumane imfundo efanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso malunga nezona ndlela zokulawula isifo seswekile. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga nokubona ukhathalelo lwesifo seswekile kunye nezemfundo kunye nengcali yokutya.

FUNDA EZI ZINTO

Ukufunda izakhono zolawulo lweswekile kuya kukunceda uphile kakuhle neswekile. Ezi zakhono zinceda ukukhusela iingxaki zempilo kunye nemfuno yokhathalelo lonyango. Izakhono zibandakanya:

• Uvavanya njani kwaye urekhode iswekile yegazi lakho
• Yintoni, nini, kwaye kangakanani ukutya
• Ungawonyusa njani ngokukhuselekileyo umsebenzi wakho kunye nokulawula ubunzima bakho
• Indlela yokuthatha amayeza, ukuba ayimfuneko
• Indlela yokuqonda nokunyanga iswekile esezantsi kunye negazi
• Uyiphatha njani imihla yokugula
• Apho ukuthenga izinto zeswekile kunye nendlela yokuzigcina

Kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukufunda ezi zakhono. Qhubeka ufunda ngesifo seswekile, iingxaki zayo, kunye nendlela yokulawula kunye nokuphila kakuhle nesi sifo. Hlala usesikhathini kuphando olutsha kunye nonyango. Qinisekisa ukuba ufumana ulwazi kwimithombo ethembekileyo, njengomboneleli wakho kunye notitshala wesifo seswekile.

UKULAWULWA KWESAKHA LEGAZI LAKHO

Ukujonga inqanaba leswekile yegazi lakho kwaye ubhale phantsi iziphumo kukuxelela ukuba ulawula njani isifo seswekile. Thetha nomboneleli wakho kunye notitshala wesifo seswekile malunga nokuba ujonga kangaphi.

Ukujonga inqanaba leswekile esegazini lakho, usebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yimitha yeswekile. Ngokwesiqhelo, uhlaba umunwe wakho ngenaliti encinci, ebizwa ngokuba lancet. Oku kukunika ithontsi elincinci legazi. Ubeka igazi kumtya wovavanyo kwaye ubeke umgca kwimitha. Imitha ikunika ukufundwa okuxelela inqanaba leswekile yegazi.

Umboneleli wakho okanye utitshala wesifo seswekile uya kukunceda ukuseta ishedyuli yovavanyo. Umboneleli wakho uya kukunceda usete uluhlu ekujoliswe kulo lweenombolo zeswekile yegazi. Gcina ezi zinto engqondweni:

• Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 kufuneka bahlole iswekile yegazi kanye okanye kabini ngemini.
• Ukuba inqanaba leswekile yegazi lakho liphantsi kolawulo, unokufuna kuphela ukulijonga amaxesha ambalwa ngeveki.
• Unokuzivavanya xa uvuka, ngaphambi kokutya, kwaye ngexesha lokulala.
• Kuya kufuneka ukuba uvavanye rhoqo xa ugula okanye uphantsi koxinzelelo.
• Kuya kufuneka ukuba uvavanye rhoqo ukuba uneempawu zeswekile esezantsi rhoqo.

Gcina irekhodi leswekile yegazi lakho kunye nomboneleli wakho. Ngokusekwe kumanani akho, kungafuneka wenze utshintsho kwizidlo zakho, umsebenzi, okanye amayeza ukugcina inqanaba leswekile yegazi kwindawo efanelekileyo. Soloko uzisa imitha yakho yeswekile yegazi kwizithuba zonyango ukuze idatha ikhutshelwe kwaye ixoxwe.

Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ukuba usebenzise esweni i-glucose eqhubekayo (CGM) ukulinganisa iswekile yegazi ukuba:

• Usebenzisa inaliti ye-insulin amaxesha amaninzi ngemini
• Unesiqendu seswekile esezantsi yegazi
• Inqanaba leswekile yegazi lakho liyahluka kakhulu

I-CGM inenzwa efakwe nje phantsi kwesikhumba ukulinganisa i-glucose kulusu lwakho lwethishu rhoqo kwimizuzu emi-5.

UKUTYA OKUSEMPILWENI NOKULAWULWA KOBunzima

Sebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nabanikezeli bakho bezempilo ukuba bafunde ubuninzi beoli, iprotheni kunye ne-carbohydrate oyifunayo ekudleni kwakho. Izicwangciso zakho zokutya kufuneka zilingane nendlela ophila ngayo kunye nemikhwa yakho kwaye kufuneka zibandakanye ukutya okuthandayo.

Ukulawula ubunzima bakho kunye nokutya okunezondlo ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile. Abanye abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 banokuyeka ukuthatha amayeza emva kokunciphisa umzimba. Oku akuthethi ukuba isifo seswekile siyanyangeka. Basenaso isifo seswekile.

Abantu abatyebe kakhulu abanesifo seswekile esingalawulwayo kakuhle ngokutya kunye namayeza banokucinga ngokuhlinzwa (bariatric) ngotyando.

UMSEBENZI OWENZIWA NGOKUQHELEKILEYO

Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo ubalulekile kuye wonke umntu. Kubaluleke ngakumbi xa unesifo seswekile. Ukuzilolonga kuyilungele impilo yakho kuba:

• Yehlisa inqanaba leswekile yegazi lakho ngaphandle kwamayeza
• Ukutshisa iikhalori ezongezelelweyo kunye namafutha ukukunceda ukulawula ubunzima bakho
• Iphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi
• Yonyusa inqanaba lamandla akho
• Ukuphucula amandla akho okusingatha uxinzelelo

Thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuqala nayiphi na inkqubo yokwenza umthambo. Abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 banokufuna ukuthatha amanyathelo awodwa ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokuzilolonga okanye ukuzilolonga, kubandakanya nokulungisa idosi ye-insulin xa kufuneka njalo.

AMAYEZA OKUNYANGA ISIFO SESWELEKILE

Ukuba ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga akuncedi ukugcina iswekile yegazi lakho kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo okanye asondeleyo kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, umboneleli wakho unokumisela amayeza. Kuba la machiza anceda ukunciphisa izinga leswekile yegazi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umboneleli wakho unokuthatha ngaphezulu kwesiyobisi esinye.

Ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zamayeza zidweliswe apha ngezantsi. Zithathwa ngomlomo okanye ngenaliti.

• I-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• IiBiguanides
• Ukulandelelana kwe-asidi yeBile
• I-DPP-4 inhibitors
• Amayeza afanelekileyo (ii-analog ze-GLP-1)
• Meglitinides
• SGLT2 inhibitors
• Isulfonylureas
• Inkcitho

Kuya kufuneka uthathe i-insulin ukuba iswekile esegazini lakho ayinakulawulwa ngamanye amayeza angentla. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo, i-insulin itofwa phantsi kolusu kusetyenziswa isirinji, ipeni ye-insulin, okanye impompo. Olunye uhlobo lwe-insulin luhlobo lokungenisa. I-insulin ayinakuthathwa ngomlomo kuba iasidi esiswini iyitshabalalisa i-insulin.

UKUTHINTELA IINGXAKI

Umboneleli wakho unokumisela amayeza okanye olunye unyango ukunciphisa ithuba lakho lokuphuhlisa ezinye zeengxaki zesifo seswekile, kubandakanya:

• Isifo samehlo
• Isifo sezintso
• Isifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha

UKUNonophela Unyawo

Abantu abanesifo seswekile banamathuba amaninzi kunalawo angenasifo seswekile ukuba neengxaki zonyawo. Isifo seswekile sonakalisa imithambo-luvo. Oku kunokwenza iinyawo zakho zingakwazi ukuziva uxinzelelo, iintlungu, ubushushu, okanye ukubanda. Awungekhe uqaphele ukwenzakala kweenyawo de ube nomonakalo omkhulu kulusu nakwizicubu ezingezantsi, okanye ufumane usulelo olubi.

Isifo seswekile sinokonakalisa imithambo yegazi. Izilonda ezincinci okanye ukuqhekeka kolusu kunokuba zizilonda zesikhumba ezinzulu (izilonda). Ilungu elichaphazelekayo lisenokufuna ukunqunyulwa ukuba ezi zilonda zolusu azipholi okanye zibe nkulu, zingene okanye zisulelwe.

Ukuthintela iingxaki ngeenyawo zakho:

• Yeka ukutshaya ukuba uyatshaya.
• Ukuphucula ulawulo lweswekile yegazi.
• Fumana uvavanyo lweenyawo ngumboneleli wakho ubuncinci kabini ngonyaka ukuze ufunde ukuba unokonakala kwenzwa.
• Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba akhangele iinyawo zakho kwiingxaki ezinje ngee-callus, iibunions okanye ihammertoes. Ezi kufuneka zinyangwe ukuthintela ukonakala kolusu kunye nezilonda.
• Jonga kwaye unakekele iinyawo zakho yonke imihla. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu xa sele unesisindo okanye umonakalo wegazi okanye iingxaki zeenyawo.
• Nyanga usulelo oluncinci, olufana nonyawo lweembaleki, ngoko nangoko.
• Sebenzisa into yokuthambisa kulusu olomileyo.
• Qiniseka ukuba unxiba uhlobo olululo lwezihlangu. Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwezihlangu olukufaneleyo.

IMPILO YEMVO

Ukuphila nesifo seswekile kunokuba luxinzelelo. Unokuziva ukoyiswa yiyo yonke into ekufuneka uyenzile ukulawula isifo seswekile. Kodwa ukhathalelo lwempilo yakho yeemvakalelo kubaluleke kakhulu njengempilo yakho yomzimba.

Iindlela zokunciphisa uxinzelelo zibandakanya:

• Ukumamela umculo opholileyo
• Ukucamngca ukuze ususe ingqondo yakho kumaxhala akho
• Ukuphefumla nzulu ukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lomzimba
• Ukwenza iyoga, taichi, okanye ukuphumla okuqhubekayo

Ukuziva ulusizi okanye uphantsi (uxinezelekile) okanye uxhalaba ngamanye amaxesha kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ukuba unale mvakalelo rhoqo kwaye bafumana indlela yokulawula isifo sakho seswekile, thetha neqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo. Banokufumana iindlela zokukunceda uzive ungcono.

Abantu abanesifo seswekile kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba bagcina ishedyuli yabo yokugonya.

Zininzi izixhobo zeswekile ezinokukunceda uqonde ngakumbi ngohlobo 2 lweswekile. Unokufunda neendlela zokulawula imeko yakho ukuze uphile kakuhle nesifo seswekile.

Isifo seswekile sisigulo sobomi bakho kwaye akukho lunyango.

Abanye abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 abasayidingi iyeza ukuba bayancipha kwaye basebenze ngakumbi. Xa bafikelela kubunzima babo obufanelekileyo, i-insulin yomzimba wabo kunye nokutya okunempilo kunokulawula inqanaba leswekile yegazi.

Emva kweminyaka emininzi, isifo seswekile singakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zempilo:

• Unokuba neengxaki zamehlo, kubandakanya nokubona ingxaki (ngakumbi ebusuku), kunye nokuziva kokukhanya. Unokuba yimfama.
• Iinyawo zakho kunye nesikhumba kunokukhulisa izilonda kunye nosulelo. Ukuba amanxeba awapholi kakuhle, unyawo okanye umlenze wakho kusenokufuneka unqunyulwe. Usulelo lunokubangela iintlungu kunye nokurhawuzelela eluswini.
• Isifo seswekile sinokwenza kube nzima ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye necholesterol. Oku kunokukhokelela kwisifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, kunye nezinye iingxaki. Kungaba nzima ukuba igazi lihambe liye emilenzeni nasezinyaweni zakho.
• Amathambo emzimbeni wakho angonzakala, abangele iintlungu, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokuba ndindisholo.
• Ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo, unokuba neengxaki ekucoleni ukutya okutyayo. Unokuziva ubuthathaka okanye unengxaki yokuya kwindlu yangasese. Umonakalo wemithambo unokwenza kube nzima ukuba amadoda abe nolwakhiwo.
• Iswekile ephezulu yegazi kunye nezinye iingxaki kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwezintso. Izintso zakho zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle njengangaphambili. Banokude bayeke ukusebenza ukuze udinga i-dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso.
• Iswekile yegazi ephezulu inokuwenza buthathaka amajoni akho omzimba. Oku kunokwenza ukuba kube lula kuwe ukuba ufumane usulelo, kubandakanya ulusu olusongela ubomi kunye nosulelo lokungunda.
  

Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ngoko nangoko ukuba unayo:

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye uxinzelelo
• Ukufa isiqaqa, ukudideka okanye ukungabikho zingqondweni
• Ukuhlutha
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Olubomvu, ulusu olubuhlungu olusasazeka ngokukhawuleza

Ezi mpawu zingakhawuleza ukuba mandundu kwaye zibe ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo (ezinje ngokuxhuzula, isiqaqa se-hypoglycemic okanye ikhoma le-hyperglycemic).

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unayo:

• Ubudenge, ukubetha, okanye iintlungu ezinyaweni okanye emilenzeni
• Iingxaki ngamehlo akho
• Izilonda okanye izifo kwiinyawo zakho
• Iimpawu zeswekile yegazi ephezulu (ukunxanwa okungathethekiyo, umbono oqaqambileyo, isikhumba esomileyo, ubuthathaka okanye ukudinwa, isidingo sokuchama kakhulu)
• Iimpawu zeswekile esezantsi yegazi (ubuthathaka okanye ukudinwa, ukungcangcazela, ukubila, ukucaphuka, ingxaki yokucinga ngokucacileyo, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, umbono ophindwe kabini okanye ongacacanga, uziva ungonwabanga)
• Ukuhlala uziva uxinzelelo okanye unxunguphalo

Unokukunceda ukuthintela uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile ngokuhlala kubunzima bomzimba obusempilweni. Unokufumana ubunzima obusempilweni ngokutya ukutya okusempilweni, ukulawula ubungakanani beesahlulo sakho, kunye nokukhokelela kwindlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Amanye amayeza anokulibazisa okanye athintele uhlobo lweswekile yesi-2 kubantu abasemngciphekweni wokuhlaselwa sisifo.

Iswekile exhomekeke kwisifo seswekile; Iswekile - uhlobo II; Isifo seswekile sabadala; Seswekile - uhlobo 2 seswekile; Iswekile 2 yomlomo yohlobo lwe-hypoglycemic; Iswekile ephezulu yegazi-uhlobo 2 lweswekile

• I-ACE inhibitors
• Emva kotyando lokwehla kobunzima-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Phambi kotyando lokwehla kobunzima-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Iswekile kunye nokuzilolonga
• Unonophelo lwamehlo seswekile
• Isifo seswekile - izilonda unyawo
• Isifo seswekile-ukugcina sisebenza
• Isifo seswekile -ukuthintela ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokubetha
• Isifo seswekile - ukunyamekela iinyawo zakho
• Uvavanyo lwesifo seswekile kunye nokuhlolwa
• Isifo seswekile - xa ugula
• Ukunqunyulwa kweenyawo - ukukhutshwa
• Utyando lokudlula kwisisu-ukukhupha
• I-Laparoscopic gastric banding - ukukhutshwa
• Ukunqunyulwa umlenze - ukubhobhoza
• Ukunqunyulwa komlenze okanye unyawo - ukunxiba
• Iswekile esezantsi yegazi- ukuzikhathalela
• Ukulawula iswekile yegazi lakho
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile- ukubuza ugqirha

• Iswekile kunye nokuzilolonga
• Izinto ezingxamisekileyo zeswekile
• 15/15 umthetho
• Ukutya okunesitatshi
• Iimpawu zeswekile esezantsi yegazi
• Iswekile yegazi
• I-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• IiBiguanides
• I-Sulfonylureas yeziyobisi
• Inkcitho
• Ukutya kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-insulin
• Ukujonga eswekile yegazi-Uthotho

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