Pheochromocytoma

I-Pheochromocytoma yithumba elinqabileyo leethisisi yelungu le-adrenal. Iziphumo zokukhutshwa kwe-epinephrine kunye ne-norepinephrine eninzi, iihomoni ezilawula ukubetha kwentliziyo, imetabolism kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

I-Pheochromocytoma inokwenzeka njengesisu esinye okanye ukukhula okungaphezulu kwesinye. Ihlala ikhula embindini (medulla) wenye okanye zombini iincindi zamadlala. Amadlala ngamadlala amabini amile okonxantathu. Idlala elinye libekwe ngaphezulu kwentso nganye. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-pheochromocytoma yenzeka ngaphandle kwe-adrenal gland. Xa isenzeka, ihlala kwenye indawo esiswini.

Zimbalwa kakhulu ii-pheochromocytomas ezinomhlaza.

Izidumbu zinokubakho nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kodwa zixhaphake kakhulu ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ebudaleni.

Kwiimeko ezimbalwa, imeko inokuthi ibonakale nakumalungu osapho (kwilifa).

Uninzi lwabantu abanalo eli thumba luhlaselwa siseti yeempawu, ezenzeka xa ithumba likhupha iihomoni. Uhlaselo luhlala luhlala kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure. Iseti yeempawu zibandakanya:

• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ukubila
• Igazi elonyukayo

Njengoko ithumba likhula, uhlaselo luhlala lonyuka rhoqo, ubude, kunye nobukhali.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke zibandakanya:

• Intlungu esiswini okanye esifubeni
• Irritability, uvalo
• Umtsalane
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukuxhuzula
• Iingxaki zokulala

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Uya kubuzwa malunga nembali yakho yonyango kunye neempawu.

Uvavanyo olwenziwe lunokubandakanya:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT esiswini
• I-adrenal biopsy
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lweCatecholamines (serum catecholamines)
• Uvavanyo lweglucose
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lweMetanephrine (serum metanephrine)
• Uvavanyo lokucinga olubizwa ngokuba yi-MIBG scintiscan
• I-MRI yesisu
• Iicatecholamines zomchamo
• I-metanephrines yomchamo
• Ukuvavanywa kwesisu esiswini

Unyango lubandakanya ukususa ithumba ngoqhaqho. Kubalulekile ukuzinzisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokubetha kwakho ngamayeza athile ngaphambi kotyando. Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele kwaye ube neempawu zakho ezibalulekileyo ezijongwe ngononophelo malunga nexesha lotyando. Emva kotyando, iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo ziya kubekwa esweni ngokuqhubekayo kwicandelo lezonyango.

Xa ithumba lingenakususwa ngotyando, kuyakufuneka uthathe amayeza ukuze ulilawule. Indibaniselwano yamayeza ihlala ifuneka ukulawula iziphumo zehomoni ezongezelelweyo. Unyango lwe radiation kunye ne chemotherapy khange lusebenze ekunyangeni olu hlobo lwethumba.

Uninzi lwabantu abanezilonda ezingenomdlavuza ezisuswe ngotyando zisaphila emva kweminyaka emi-5. Amathumba abuyela kwabanye abantu. Amanqanaba eehomoni norepinephrine kunye ne-epinephrine ibuyela kwinto yesiqhelo emva kotyando.

Ukuqhubeka koxinzelelo lwegazi kunokwenzeka emva kotyando. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lunokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

Abantu abaphathwe ngempumelelo i-pheochromocytoma kufuneka bavavanywe amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba eli thumba alibuyanga. Amalungu osapho asondeleyo nawo anokuxhamla kuvavanyo, kuba amanye amatyala azuzwe njengelifa.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Ngaba uneempawu ze-pheochromocytoma, ezinje ngeentloko, ukubila kunye nokubetha
• Ngaba une-pheochromocytoma kwixa elidlulileyo kwaye iimpawu zakho ziyabuya

Amathumba eChromaffin; IParaganglionoma

• Amadlala endocrine
• I-Adrenal metastases-CT ukuskena
• Ukudumba kweAdrenal - CT
• Ukukhutshwa kwe-adrenal gland secretion

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwe-Pheochromocytoma kunye neparaganglioma (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. Umhlaza.gov. www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/hp/pheochromocytoma-unyango-pdq#link/_38_toc. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 23, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 14, 2020.

I-Pacak K, i-Timmers HJLM, i-Eisenhofer G.I-Pheochromocytoma. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, ii-eds. Endocrinology: Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 110.

UBrigode WM, uMiraflor EJ, uPalmer BJA. Ulawulo lwepheochromocytoma. Ku: ICameron AM, uCameron JL, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lonyango. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2020: 750-756.