IHypothyroidism

I-Hypothyroidism yimeko apho i-thyroid gland engenzi ngokwaneleyo i-hormone ye-thyroid. Le meko ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-thyroid engasebenzi.

Idlala lengqula lilungu elibalulekileyo lenkqubo yonyango. Ime ngaphambili entanyeni, ngasentla nje apho iikholeji zakho zidibana khona. Idlala lengqula lenza iihomoni ezilawula indlela zonke iiseli zomzimba ezisebenzisa ngayo amandla. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yimetabolism.

I-Hypothyroidism ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini nakubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50.

Unobangela oqhelekileyo wehypothyroidism yi-thyroiditis. Ukudumba kunye nokudumba konakalisa iiseli ze-thyroid gland.

Izizathu zale ngxaki zibandakanya:

• Amajoni omzimba ahlasela idlala lengqula
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane (ukubanda okuqhelekileyo) okanye ezinye izifo zokuphefumula
• Ukukhulelwa (okuhlala kubizwa ngokuba yi-postpartum thyroiditis)

Ezinye izizathu ze-hypothyroidism zibandakanya:

• Amayeza athile, anje nge-lithium kunye ne-amiodarone, kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-chemotherapy
• Iziphene zokuzalwa (ukuzalwa)
• Ukunyanga ngemitha entanyeni okanye kwingqondo ukunyanga ii-cancer ezahlukeneyo
• Iodine ye-radioactive esetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-thyroid gland
• Ukususwa kotyando kwenxalenye okanye yonke incindi yedlala lengqula
• I-Sheehan syndrome, imeko enokuthi ivele kumfazi ophuma kakhulu xa ekhulelwe okanye xa ebeleka kwaye ibangele ukutshatyalaliswa kwendlala yebhinqa.
• I-Pituitary tumor okanye utyando lwepituitary

Iimpawu zokuqala:

• Izitulo ezinzima okanye ukuqhina
• Ukuziva ubanda (ukunxiba ijezi xa abanye benxibe isikipa)
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuziva kunciphile
• Ixesha elinzima nelingaqhelekanga lokuya exesheni
• Intlungu edibeneyo okanye yemisipha
• Imfama okanye isikhumba esomileyo
• Usizi okanye uxinzelelo
• Ubhityile, uboya obomeleleyo okanye iinzipho
• Ubuthathaka
• Ukutyeba kwakho

Iimpawu zasemva kwexesha, ukuba azinyangwa:

• Ukunciphisa incasa kunye nevumba
• Ukurhabaxa
• Ubuso obukhukhumeleyo, izandla neenyawo
• Ukuthetha kancinci
• Ukutyeba kolusu
• Ukucuthwa kwamashiya
• Ubushushu obuphantsi bomzimba
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo kancinci

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye unokufumanisa ukuba i-thyroid gland iyandisiwe. Ngamanye amaxesha, le ndlala iba sisayizi eqhelekileyo okanye incinci kunesiqhelo. Uviwo lunokutyhila:

• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-diastolic yegazi (inombolo yesibini)
• Iinwele ezimdaka
• Iimpawu ezirhabaxa zobuso
• Ulusu olumhlophe okanye olomileyo, olunokuba lupholile xa ufika ngaphandle
• Iingcamango ezingaqhelekanga (ukulibaziseka ukuphumla)
• Ukudumba kweengalo nemilenze

Uvavanyo lwegazi luyalelwa ukuba ulinganise iihomoni zakho ze-thyroid TSH kunye ne-T4.

Unokuba novavanyo lokujonga:

• Amanqanaba echolesterol
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ii-enzyme zesibindi
• IProlactin
• Isodium
• ICortisol

Unyango lujolise ekubuyiseleni i-hormone ye-thyroid osweleyo.

I-Levothyroxine lelona chiza liqhelekileyo lisetyenziswayo:

• Uya kumiselwa idosi ephantsi kunokwenzeka ukuba ikhulule iimpawu zakho kwaye ibuyise amanqanaba ehomoni yegazi abuyele esiqhelweni.
• Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye umdala, umboneleli wakho angakuqala ngethamo elincinci kakhulu.
• Uninzi lwabantu abane-thyroid engasebenziyo kuya kufuneka bathathe eli yeza ubomi babo bonke.
• I-Levothyroxine ihlala iyipilisi, kodwa abanye abantu abane-hypothyroidism eqatha kufuneka baqale banyangwe esibhedlele nge-levothyroxine efakwa emithanjeni.

Xa uqala kumayeza akho, umboneleli wakho unokujonga amanqanaba akho ehomoni rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3. Emva koko, amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid kufuneka abekwe esweni kube kanye ngonyaka.

Xa uthatha iyeza le-thyroid, qaphela oku kulandelayo:

• Sukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza nokuba uziva ungcono. Qhubeka uyithathe kanye njengoko kumiselwe ngumboneleli wakho.
• Ukuba utshintsha iimveliso zonyango lwe-thyroid, yazisa umboneleli wakho. Amanqanaba akho anokufuna ukuba ahlolwe.
• Into oyityayo inokutshintsha indlela umzimba wakho owuthathe ngayo amayeza e-thyroid. Thetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba utya iimveliso ezininzi zesoya okanye kukutya okune-fiber ephezulu.
• Amayeza e-thyroid asebenza kakuhle kwisisu esingenanto kwaye xa uthathwe iyure e-1 ngaphambi kwawo nawaphi na amanye amayeza. Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba ufanele ukuthatha iyeza lakho ngexesha lokulala. Ukuyithatha ngexesha lokulala kunokuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba uwathathe ngcono amayeza kunokuba uwathathe ngexesha lasemini.
• Lindela ubuncinci iiyure ezi-4 emva kokuba uthathe i-hormone ye-thyroid ngaphambi kokuba uthathe izongezo zefayibha, i-calcium, isinyithi, ii-multivitamini, i-aluminium hydroxide antacids, colestipol, okanye amayeza abopha i-bile acid.

Nangona uthatha unyango lwe-thyroid, xelela umboneleli wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ebonisa ukuba umthamo wakho uphezulu kakhulu, njenge:

• Ixhala
• Iipalpitations
• Ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kobunzima
• Ukuphumla okanye ukugungqa (ukungcangcazela)
• Ukubila

Kwiimeko ezininzi, inqanaba ledlala lengqula liba liqhelekileyo ngonyango olululo. Uya kuthatha iyeza lehomoni yedlala lengqula ubomi bakho bonke.

Ingxaki ye-Myxedema (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-myxedema coma), eyona ndlela iqatha kakhulu ye-hypothyroidism, inqabile. Kwenzeka xa amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid ehla kakhulu, ephantsi kakhulu. Ingxaki enkulu ye-hypothyroid emva koko ibangelwa lusulelo, ukugula, ukubanda kubanda, okanye amayeza athile (ii-opiates zizinto eziqhelekileyo) kubantu abane-hypothyroidism.

Ingxaki ye-Myxedema yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango ekufuneka inyangwe esibhedlele. Abanye abantu banokufuna ioksijini, uncedo lokuphefumla (i-ventilator), ukutshintshwa kolwelo, kunye nokonga ngononophelo.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-myxedema coma zibandakanya:

• Ngaphantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo bomzimba
• Ukuncipha kokuphefumla
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Iswekile esezantsi yegazi
• Ukungaphenduli
• Iimpawu ezingafanelekanga okanye ezingahambelaniyo

Abantu abane-hypothyroidism enganyangekiyo basemngciphekweni omkhulu woku:

• Usulelo
• Ukungachumi, ukungahambi kakuhle, ukuzala umntwana oneziphene
• Isifo sentliziyo ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL (embi) cholesterol
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unempawu zehypothyroidism.

Ukuba uphathwa nge-hypothyroidism, tsalela umnxeba umnxeba ukuba:

• Uhlakulela iintlungu zesifuba okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo
• Unosulelo
• Iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mbi okanye aziphucuki kunyango
• Uba neempawu ezintsha

IMyxedema; Abadala abadala; I-thyroid engasebenzi; I-goiter - i-hypothyroidism; I-thyroid - i-hypothyroidism; Idlala lengqula - hypothyroidism

• Ukususwa kwendlala ye-thyroid - ukukhutshwa

• Amadlala endocrine
• IHypothyroidism
• Ikhonkco le-Brain-thyroid
• Iiprayimari zesekondari kunye nezasesekondari

IBrent GA, i-Weetman AP. Hypothyroidism kunye thyroiditis. Ku: UMelmed S, uAuchus RJ, uGoldfine AB, uKoenig RJ, uRosen CJ, ii-eds.Incwadi ebhaliweyo kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 13.

UGarber JR, uCobin RH, uGharib H, et al. Izikhokelo zoqheliso lwezonyango kwi-hypothyroidism kubantu abadala: ezixhaswe ngumbutho waseMelika we-Clinical Endocrinologists kunye ne-American Thyroid Association. Ukuziqhelanisa ne-Endocr. Ngo-2012; 18 (6): 988-1028. IINKCUKACHA: 23246686 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23246686/.

UJonklaas J, uBianco AC, uBauer AJ, et al; Umbutho waseMelika we-Thyroid Association kwi-Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Izikhokelo zonyango lwe-hypothyroidism: ezilungiselelwe ngumbutho we-American Thyroid Association kwiqela le-thyroid. Idlala lengqula. Ngo-2014; 24 (12): 1670-1751. IINKCUKACHA: 25266247 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25266247/.