Ukuvavanywa kwasekhaya kwi-HIV ngovavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwe-HIV

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Kufuneka lwenziwe nini uvavanyo lwe-HIV?
• Zithini iindlela ezikhawulezayo zovavanyo lwe-HIV?
• Ukuvavanywa ngaphandle kwe-United States
• Indlela entsha yovavanyo
• Lisebenza njani uvavanyo lwe-HIV lwasekhaya lwe-OraQuick?
• Umntu uyifumana njani ilebhu?
• Ngaba iimvavanyo zekhaya ze-HIV zichanekile?
• Zithini izibonelelo zovavanyo lwe-HIV ekhaya?
• Zeziphi ezinye iindlela zovavanyo lwasekhaya?
• Zithini iimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV?
• Yintoni elandelayo ukuba uvavanyo alunayo?
• Yintoni elandelayo ukuba uvavanyo luthi unayo?
• Iimveliso ukuzama
• Umntu unokuvavanya njani ezinye ii-STD ekhaya?
• Ukuvavanywa

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Ushwankathelo

Malunga ne-1 kwabasi-7 baseMelika abaphila ne-HIV abayazi loo nto, ngokwe-HIV.gov.

Ukufumana ubume be-HIV kuvumela abantu ukuba baqalise unyango olunokwandisa ubomi babo kwaye bathintele amaqabane abo ekufumaneni le meko.

Icebisa ukuba wonke umntu ophakathi kweminyaka eli-13 ukuya kwengama-64 ubudala avavanywe kube kanye.

Ngumbono olungileyo ukuba umntu avavanywe rhoqo ukuba:

• ubelana ngesondo ngaphandle kweekhondom
• Ukwabelana ngesondo namaqabane amaninzi
• jola iziyobisi

Kufuneka lwenziwe nini uvavanyo lwe-HIV?

Kukho iwindow yeeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-8 emva kokuvezwa yi-HIV apho amajoni omzimba aqala khona ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene ne-HIV. Iimvavanyo ezininzi ze-HIV zikhangela ezi ntsholongwane.

Kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane iziphumo ezingalunganga kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuvezwa kwi-HIV. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba awunayo intsholongwane kaGawulayo, phinda uye kuvavanywa ekupheleni kwexesha leenyanga ezintathu.

Ukuba umntu unempawu okanye akaqinisekanga malunga neziphumo zabo zovavanyo, kufuneka bafune uncedo lonyango.

Zithini iindlela ezikhawulezayo zovavanyo lwe-HIV?

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ekuphela kwendlela yokuvavanyelwa i-HIV yayikukuya kwi-ofisi kagqirha, esibhedlele, okanye kwiziko lezempilo loluntu. Ngoku kukho iindlela zokuthatha uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngasese kwindlu yakhe.

Ezinye iimvavanyo ze-HIV, nokuba zithathwa ekhaya okanye kwiziko lezempilo, ziyakwazi ukuhambisa iziphumo kungaphelanga imizuzu engama-30. Ezi zaziwa njengovavanyo olukhawulezileyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-OraQuick lwasekhaya lwe-HIV njengangoku kuphela kovavanyo lwasekhaya olukhawulezileyo uLawulo lokutya kunye neDrug (FDA) olwamkelweyo. Ithengiswa kwi-Intanethi nakwiivenkile ezithengisa iziyobisi, kodwa abantu kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-17 ubuncinci ukuyithenga.

Olunye uvavanyo oluvunyiweyo lwasekhaya olukhawulezileyo lwe-FDA, iNkqubo yokuFikelela kwi-HIV-1 yoVavanyo lwasekhaya, lwayekwa ngumenzi walo ngo-2019.

Olunye uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwasekhaya luyafumaneka eMelika, kodwa khange zivunywe yi-FDA. Sebenzisa iimvavanyo ezingamkelwanga yi-FDA kunokuba yingozi kwaye akunakuhlala kunika iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

Ukuvavanywa ngaphandle kwe-United States

Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo oluvunyiweyo kuvavanyo lwasekhaya lwe-HIV ngaphandle kwe-United States lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Atomo lwe-HIV. Olu vavanyo luyafumaneka e-Australia kwaye luvunyiwe luLawulo lweeMpahla zoNyango (i-TGA), iarhente yolawulo yelizwe. Ivavanya i-HIV kwimizuzu eli-15.
• Ukuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo VIH. Olu vavanyo lufumaneka kuphela kwiindawo ezithile zaseYurophu. Ivavanya i-HIV kwimizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
• Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lweBioSure. Olu vavanyo lufumaneka kuphela kwiindawo ezithile zaseYurophu. Ivavanya i-HIV malunga nemizuzu eli-15.
• Uvavanyo lwe-INSTI lwe-HIV. Olu vavanyo lwasungulwa eNetherlands ngo-2017 kwaye lunokuthengwa naphina ngaphandle kwe-United States ne Canada. Ithembisa iziphumo kwimizuzwana engama-60.
• Uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngokulula. Olu vavanyo lusungulwe ngoJulayi 2020 kwaye luyafumaneka e-United Kingdom naseJamani. Ivavanya i-HIV kwimizuzu eli-15.

Olu vavanyo oluthile luxhomekeke kwisampulu yegazi ethathwe kwincam yomnwe.

Akukho namnye kubo ovunyiweyo yi-FDA ukuba isetyenziswe eUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, iikiti ezizenzekelayo ze-VIH, i-BioSure, i-INSTI, kunye ne-Simplitude ByMe zonke zinokumakisha kwe-CE.

Ukuba imveliso inophawu lwe-CE, iyahambelana nokhuseleko, impilo kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo ebekwe yi-European Economic Area (EEA).

Indlela entsha yovavanyo

Uphononongo luka-2016 luxele ukhetho olutsha olunokubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi kwimizuzu engaphantsi kweyi-30 usebenzisa intonga ye-USB kunye nethontsi legazi. Sisiphumo somzamo wentsebenziswano yi-Imperial College yaseLondon kunye nenkampani yetekhnoloji ye-DNA Electronics.

Olu vavanyo alukakhutshwa kuluntu ngokubanzi okwangoku okanye luvunyiwe yi-FDA. Nangona kunjalo, ibonakalisile iziphumo ezithembisayo kuvavanyo lokuqala, ngokuvavanywa kokuchaneka okulinganiswe kwiipesenti ezingama-95.

Lisebenza njani uvavanyo lwe-HIV lwasekhaya lwe-OraQuick?

Uvavanyo ngalunye lwasekhaya lusebenza ngokwahlukileyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-OraQuick lwasekhaya lwe-HIV:

• Swab ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
• Beka i-swab kwityhubhu enesisombululo esivelayo.

Iziphumo ziyafumaneka kwimizuzu engama-20. Ukuba umgca omnye uvela, uvavanyo luthi negative. Imigca emibini ithetha ukuba umntu unokuba nethemba. Olunye uvavanyo olwenziwe kwilebhu yentengiso okanye yeklinikhi iyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa iziphumo zovavanyo ezilungileyo.

Thenga uvavanyo lwe-OraQuick lwasekhaya kwi-Intanethi.

Umntu uyifumana njani ilebhu?

Ukufumana ilebhu ethembekileyo, enelayisensi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa iziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo. Ukufumana ilebhu yesampulu yegazi eMelika, abantu banako:

• yiya ku-https: //gettested.cdc.gov ukungena kwindawo yabo kwaye ufumane ilebhu ekufutshane okanye iklinikhi
• fowuna 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO)

Ezi zibonelelo zinganceda abantu ukuba bavavanyelwe ezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zizifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.

Ngaba iimvavanyo zekhaya ze-HIV zichanekile?

Uvavanyo lwasekhaya luyindlela echanekileyo yokuvavanya i-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, banokuthatha ixesha elide ukufumana intsholongwane emva kokuvezwa kuneemvavanyo ezenziwa kwi-ofisi kagqirha.

Amanqanaba omzimba we-HIV ematheni angaphantsi kunamanqanaba omzimba we-HIV egazini. Ngenxa yoko, uvavanyo lwe-OraQuick lwasekhaya lwe-HIV alunakuyifumana i-HIV ngokukhawuleza njengokuvavanywa kwegazi.

Zithini izibonelelo zovavanyo lwe-HIV ekhaya?

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​kulula kakhulu ukuyiphatha nokunyanga ukuba ichongiwe kwangethuba kwaye unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza.

Uvavanyo lwe-HIV ekhaya luvumela abantu ukuba bafumane iziphumo phantse kwangoko-ngamanye amaxesha ngaphakathi kwemizuzu - ngaphandle kokulinda ixesha lokubonana nomnikezeli wokhathalelo lwempilo okanye ukuthatha ixesha kwishedyuli yabo ukutyelela ilebhu.

Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kubalulekile kunyango lwempilo yexesha elide kunye nokusinda kwi-HIV.

Uvavanyo lwasekhaya luxhobisa abantu ukuba bafunde ukuba banayo na intsholongwane kwangaphambi kwazo naziphi na ezinye iindlela zovavanyo. Oku kunokubanceda banciphise ifuthe lentsholongwane kubo nakwabanye ababangqongileyo.

Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kunokubakhusela nabantu abangabaziyo, njengoko amaqabane abo esini benokuthi basulelwe yi-HIV emva koko bayidlulisele kwabanye.

Unyango lwakwangoko lunokuyicinezela intsholongwane kwinqanaba elingafumanekiyo, elenza ukuba i-HIV ingadluliselwa. I-CDC ithathela ingqalelo nawuphi na umthwalo wentsholongwane ukuba ungabonakali.

Zeziphi ezinye iindlela zovavanyo lwasekhaya?

Kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ze-HIV ezinokuthengwa ngokulula kwi-Intanethi kwaye zithathwe ekhaya kwiindawo ezininzi. Babandakanya uvavanyo oluvela ku-Everlywell kunye neLetsGetChecked.

Ngokungafaniyo novavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-HIV, ababoneleli ngeziphumo zemini enye. Iisampulu zovavanyo kufuneka kuqala zithunyelwe elebhu. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zovavanyo kufuneka zibekhona kwi-Intanethi ngaphakathi kweentsuku ze-5 zeshishini.

Iingcali zonyango ziyafumaneka ukuze zichaze iziphumo zovavanyo kwaye zixoxe ngamanyathelo alandelayo abantu abavavanywe benayo.

Uvavanyo lwe-HIV e-Everlywell lusebenzisa igazi elivela eminweni yomnwe.

Iikethi zovavanyo lwe-LetsGetChecked STD lovavanyo lweKhaya lwezifo ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Ezi zifo zibandakanya i-HIV, igcushuwa, kunye nezinye iikiti, i-herpes simplex virus. Ezi khithi zovavanyo zifuna zombini isampulu yegazi kunye nesampulu yomchamo.

Thenga kuvavanyo lwe-Everlywell lwe-HIV kunye neetshathi zovavanyo lwe-LetsGetChecked Home STD kwi-intanethi.

Zithini iimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV?

Kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuba umntu efumene intsholongwane kaGawulayo, banokuzibona iimpawu ezifanayo nezomkhuhlane. Ezi mpawu zibandakanya:

• irhashalala
• intlungu kwimisipha kunye namalungu
• ifiva
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudumba kwentamo ujikeleze iindawo ezinesibindi
• umqala obuhkungu

Ngexesha lamanqanaba okuqala, awaziwa njengosulelo lokuqala okanye usulelo olubi lwe-HIV, kunokuba lula kakhulu ukuba umntu ahambise i-HIV kwabanye.

Umntu kufuneka acinge ngokuthatha uvavanyo lwe-HIV ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu emva kwale misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Ukwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kwekhondom
• ukutofa iziyobisi
• ukwamkelwa igazi (kunqabile) okanye ukuba lilungu elamkelayo

Yintoni elandelayo ukuba uvavanyo alunayo?

Ukuba umntu ufumana iziphumo zovavanyo ezingalunganga kwaye sele kudlule iinyanga ezi-3 okoko ebekhe wavezwa, banokuqiniseka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba akanayo i-HIV.

Ukuba ibingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu ukusukela ekuvezweni, kufuneka bacinge ngokuthatha olunye uvavanyo lwe-HIV ekupheleni kwexesha leenyanga ezi-3 ukuze baqiniseke. Ngeli xesha, kungcono ukuba basebenzise iikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kwaye baphephe ukwabelana ngenaliti.

Yintoni elandelayo ukuba uvavanyo luthi unayo?

Ukuba umntu ufumana iziphumo ezincumisayo, ilebhu efanelekileyo kufanelekile ukuba iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iqinisekise ukuba ayichanekanga okanye ukuba kuvavanywe enye isampulu. Iziphumo ezithi une-HIV ziyalandela ukuba umntu une-HIV.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu abavavanywe benentsholongwane kaGawulayo babone umboneleli wezempilo ngokukhawuleza ukuba baxoxe ngeendlela zonyango.

Umboneleli wezempilo unokufumana umntu one-HIV ukuba aqalise unyango lwe-antiretroviral kwangoko. Eli liyeza elinceda ukunqanda i-HIV ekubeni iqhubele phambili kwaye linokunceda ukuthintela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kwabanye abantu.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iikhondom okanye amadama amazinyo nawo nawaphi na amaqabane ezesondo kwaye uyeke ukwabelana ngeenaliti ngelixa ulinde iziphumo zovavanyo okanye de intsholongwane ingabonakali egazini.

Ukubona ugqirha okanye ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso, nokuba kungomntu okanye kwi-Intanethi, kunokunceda umntu ukuba ajongane neemvakalelo kunye nemicimbi yezempilo eza nokuchongwa kwe-HIV. Ukujongana ne-HIV kunokuba noxinzelelo kwaye kubenzima ukuxoxa nabahlobo abasondeleyo nosapho.

Ukuthetha ngasese kunye nonyango okanye ukuba yinxalenye yoluntu eyakhiwe ngabanye abanesimo esifanayo sonyango kunokunceda umntu aqonde indlela yokuphila ubomi obunempilo, obusebenzayo emva kokuxilongwa.

Ukufuna uncedo olongezelelekileyo kwiingcali zonyango, ezinje ngoonontlalontle okanye abacebisi abahlala benxulunyaniswa neeklinikhi ze-HIV, kunokunceda umntu ukuba ajongane nemicimbi enxulumene nonyango. Ezi ngcali zinokukunceda ekucwangciseni, ukuhambisa, ezemali kunye nokunye.

Iimveliso ukuzama

Iindlela zokuthintela, ezinje ngeekhondom kunye namadama amazinyo, anokunceda ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwezifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (STDs), ekwabizwa ngokuba zizifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.

Thenga kubo kwi-Intanethi:

• iikhondom
• amadama amazinyo

Umntu unokuvavanya njani ezinye ii-STD ekhaya?

Abantu banokuvavanya ezinye ii-STD, ezinjenge-gonorrhea kunye ne-chlamydia, besebenzisa izixhobo zokuvavanya ekhaya. Ezi mvavanyo zihlala zibandakanya ukuthatha isampulu yomchamo okanye i-swab ukusuka kwindawo yesini uye nayo kwilebhu yovavanyo.

Ukuvavanywa

• Fumana ikiti yovavanyo lwasekhaya kwindawo ekuthengiswa kuyo iziyobisi okanye kwi-Intanethi.
• Fumana indawo yovavanyo yokuhlalutya isampulu ngokusebenzisa i-https: //gettested.cdc.gov okanye ukubiza u-1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO).
• Lindela iziphumo.

Uvavanyo kufuneka luphindwe ukuba umntu ufumene iziphumo ezibi, kodwa bafumana iimpawu ze-STD.

Olunye ukhetho kukuba nomboneleli wezempilo aodole olunye uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zichanekile.