Amatye eentso

Ilitye lelitye ngumzimba oqinileyo owenziwe ziikristale ezincinci. Elinye okanye nangaphezulu amatye anokuba sezintso okanye kwi-ureter ngaxeshanye.

Amatye eentso aqhelekileyo. Ezinye iintlobo ziqhutywa kwiintsapho. Zihlala zivela kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatye ezintso. Unobangela wengxaki uxhomekeke kuhlobo lwelitye.

Amatye anokwenza xa umchamo unezinto ezininzi kakhulu ezenza iikristali. Ezi kristali zinokukhula zibe ngamatye ngaphezulu kweeveki okanye iinyanga.

• Amatye e-calcium aqhelekileyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba zenzeke emadodeni aphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30. Ikhalsiyam inokudibana nezinye izinto ukuze yenze ilitye.
• I-Oxalate yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi. I-Oxalate ikhona kukutya okuthile okufana nesipinatshi. Ikwafumaneka nakwizongezelelo ze vithamin C. Izifo zamathumbu amancinci zonyusa umngcipheko kula matye.

Amatye e-calcium angenza ngokudibanisa ne-phosphate okanye i-carbonate.

Ezinye iintlobo zamatye zibandakanya:

• Amatye e-cystine angenza abantu abane-cystinuria. Esi sifo sisebenza kwiintsapho. Ichaphazela amadoda nabasetyhini.
• Amatye e-Struvite afunyanwa ikakhulu kumadoda okanye kwabasetyhini abaphindaphindayo ukosuleleka kumchamo. La matye anokukhula abe makhulu kakhulu kwaye anokuthintela izintso, ureter, okanye isinyi.
• Amatye eUric acid aqhelekile emadodeni kunabafazi. Ziyakwenzeka nge-gout okanye i-chemotherapy.
• Ezinye izinto, ezinje ngamayeza athile, nazo zinokwenza amatye.

Eyona nto iphambili kumngcipheko wezintso kukusela amanzi. Amatye eentso kunokwenzeka ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze umchamo ongaphantsi kwe-1 litre (ii-ounces ezingama-32) ngosuku.

Awunakuba neempawu de amatye ahambe ezantsi iityhubhu (apho umchamo) othululela kuwo umchamo kwisinyi sakho. Xa oku kusenzeka, amatye anokuthintela ukuphuma komchamo kwizintso.

Olona phawu luphambili ziintlungu eziqatha eziqala kwaye ziyeke ngokukhawuleza:

• Ubuhlungu bunokuviwa kwindawo yesisu okanye kwicala lomqolo.
• Ubuhlungu bunokuhamba buye kwindawo ye-groin (iintlungu zentlungu), amasende (iintlungu zamatyhalarha) emadodeni, kunye nelebia (iintlungu zangasese) kwabasetyhini.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Umbala womchamo ongaqhelekanga
• Igazi kumchamo
• Ukugodola
• Ifiva
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Indawo yesisu (isisu) okanye umqolo unokuziva ubuhlungu.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-uric acid, kunye namanqanaba e-electrolyte
• Uvavanyo lwezintso
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo ukubona iikristali kwaye ujonge iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kumchamo
• Uvavanyo lwelitye ukumisela uhlobo

Amatye okanye ukuvaleka kunokubonwa kwi:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT esiswini
• X-reyi zesisu
• Ipyramogram efakwa ngaphakathi (IVP)
• Isifo sezintso
• Phinda ujonge ipyogramme

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwelitye kunye nobunzima beempawu zakho.

Amatye ezintso amancinci ahlala edlula kwinkqubo yakho eyedwa.

• Umchamo wakho kufuneka uxineke ukuze ilitye ligcinwe kwaye kuvavanywe.
• Sela ubuncinci iiglasi ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 zamanzi ngosuku ukuvelisa umchamo omkhulu. Oku kuya kunceda ukuba kudlule ilitye.
• Intlungu inokuba mbi kakhulu. Amayeza eentlungu ezingaphaya kwekhawuntari (umzekelo, ibuprofen kunye ne-naproxen), nokuba iyodwa okanye ihamba neziyobisi, inokusebenza kakhulu.

Abanye abantu abaneentlungu eziqatha ezivela kumatye ezintso kufuneka bahlale esibhedlele. Kuya kufuneka ufumane ulwelo nge-IV emthanjeni wakho.

Kwezinye iintlobo zamatye, umboneleli wakho unokumisela amayeza ukunqanda amatye ukuba enze okanye ancede aphule kwaye asuse izinto ezibangela ilitye. La mayeza angabandakanya:

• I-Allopurinol (yamatye e-uric acid)
• I-Antibiotic (yamatye e-struvite)
• I-diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi)
• Izisombululo zephosphate
• Isodium bicarbonate okanye isodium citrate
• Iipilisi zamanzi (thiazide diuretics)
• I-Tamsulosin yokuhlaziya i-ureter kunye nokunceda ukudlula kwelitye

Ugqirha luyafuneka rhoqo ukuba:

• Eli litye likhulu kakhulu ukuba lingadlula ngokwalo.
• Ilitye liyakhula.
• Ilitye livimba ukuhamba komchamo kwaye kubangela usulelo okanye umonakalo wezintso.
• Intlungu ayinakulawulwa.

Namhlanje, uninzi lonyango lungaphantsi kakhulu kunakuqala.

• I-Lithotripsy isetyenziselwa ukususa amatye amancinci kancinci kunesiqingatha se-intshi (i-1.25 iisentimitha) ezibekwe kwizintso okanye kwi-ureter. Isebenzisa isandi okanye amaza othusayo ukwahlula amatye abe ziingceba. Emva koko, iziqwenga zamatye zishiya umzimba kumchamo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy okanye i-ESWL.
• Iinkqubo ezenziwa ngokudlulisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo ngokusebenzisa utyando oluncinci kulusu lwakho emqolo nakwizintso zakho okanye ureters zisetyenziselwa amatye amakhulu, okanye xa izintso okanye iindawo ezingqongileyo zenziwe ngendlela engeyiyo. Ilitye lisuswa ngombhobho (endoscope).
• I-Ureteroscopy inokusetyenziselwa amatye kwindawo engezantsi yomchamo. I-laser isetyenziselwa ukuqhekeza ilitye.
• Rhoqo, utyando oluvulekileyo (nephrolithotomy) lunokufuneka ukuba ezinye iindlela azisebenzi okanye azinakwenzeka.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nokuba loluphi ukhetho lwezonyango olunokusebenzela wena.

Uya kudinga ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzinyamekela. Ngawaphi amanyathelo owathathayo axhomekeke kuhlobo lwelitye onalo, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• Ukusela amanzi ongezelelweyo kunye nolunye ulwelo
• Ukutya okunye ukutya kunye nokunciphisa okunye ukutya
• Ukuthatha amayeza ukunceda ukunqanda amatye
• Ukuthatha amayeza ukukunceda udlulise ilitye (iziyobisi ezichasayo, ialpha-blockers)

Amatye ezintso abuhlungu, kodwa uninzi lwamaxesha angasuswa emzimbeni ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo ongapheliyo.

Amatye eentso ahlala ebuya. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngakumbi ukuba isizathu asifumaneki kwaye asinyangwa.

Usemngciphekweni woku:

• Usulelo lwe-Urinary tract
• Ukonakala kwezintso okanye ukonakala ukuba unyango lulibazisekile ixesha elide

Ukunyanzeliswa kwamatye eentso kunokubandakanya isithintelo se-ureter (i-unilateral obstructive uropathy).

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba uneempawu zelitye:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu emqolo okanye kwicala elingayi kuhamba
• Igazi kumchamo wakho
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Ukuhlanza
• Umchamo onuka kakubi okanye ojongeka unamafu
• Imvakalelo evuthayo xa uchama

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesithintelo esivela elityeni, isicatshulwa kufuneka siqinisekiswe ngokubanjwa kwindawo yokuhluza ngexesha lokuchama okanye ngokulandela i-x-reyi. Ukuba neentlungu ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuba ilitye lidlulile.

Ukuba unembali yamatye:

• Sela amanzi amaninzi (iiglasi ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 zamanzi ngosuku) ukuvelisa umchamo owaneleyo.
• Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe amayeza okanye wenze utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo kwezinye iintlobo zamatye.
• Umboneleli wakho unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo ukunceda ukumisela amanyathelo afanelekileyo othintelo.

Uphawu lwentso; Nephrolithiasis; Amatye - izintso; Calcium oxalate - amatye; Itystine - amatye; Struvite - amatye; Uric acid - amatye; I-lithiasis ye-Urinary

• Hypercalcemia - ukubhobhoza
• Izintso kunye ne-lithotripsy - ukukhutshwa
• Izintso zamatye - ukuzinyamekela
• Izintso zamatye - yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokuchama-ukukhupha

• I-anatomy yezintso
• Izintso - ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nomchamo
• I-Nephrolithiasis
• Ipyramogram efakwa ngaphakathi (IVP)
• Inkqubo yeLithotripsy

Umbutho weAmerican Urological Association. Ulawulo lwezonyango lwamatye ezintso (2019). www.auanet.org/guidelines/kidney-stones-medical-mangement- guideline. Ifunyenwe ngoFebruwari 13, 2020.

Umbutho weAmerican Urological Association. Ulawulo lotyando lwamatye: Isikhokelo se-AUA / Endourology Society (2016) www.auanet.org/guidelines/kidney-stones-surgical-management- guideline. Ifunyenwe ngoFebruwari 13, 2020.

Bushinsky DA. I-Nephrolithiasis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 117.

Fink HA, Ngaba i-TJ, i-Eidman KE, et al. Ukuphinda-phinda kwe-nephrolithiasis kubantu abadala: ukuthelekiswa kokusebenza kweendlela zonyango zothintelo. I-Rockville, MD. I-Arhente yoPhando ngezeMpilo kunye noMgangatho (i-US) 2012; Ingxelo ye-12-EHC049-EF. IINKCUKACHA: 22896859 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22896859/.

UMiller NL, uBorofsky MS. Uvavanyo kunye nolawulo lonyango lwe-lithiasis yomchamo. Ku: UPartin AW, uDmochowski RR, uKavoussi LR, uPeter CA, ii-eds. ICampbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. Umhla we-12. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 92.

Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD; IKomiti yeZikhokelo zeKlinikhi yaseMelika yaseMelika yoGqirha. Ukutya kunye nolawulo lweekhemesti ukuthintela i-nephrolithiasis ephindaphindayo kubantu abadala: isikhokelo sonyango esivela kwiKholeji yaseMelika yoGqirha. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2014; 161 (9): 659-667. IINKCUKACHA: 25364887 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25364887/.

UZiemba JB, Matlaga BR. Isikhokelo sezikhokelo: amatye ezintso. BJU Int. 2015; 116 (2): 184-189. IINKCUKACHA: I-PMID: 25684222. Pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25684222/.