Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu - abantu abadala

Uxinzelelo lwegazi ngumlinganiso wamandla owenziwe kwiindonga zemithambo yakho njengoko intliziyo yakho impompa igazi emzimbeni wakho. Uxinzelelo lwegazi ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi olunganyangekiyo lunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi zonyango. Oku kubandakanya isifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, ukusilela kwezintso, iingxaki zamehlo, kunye neminye imicimbi yezempilo.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi kufundwa njengamanani amabini. Inombolo ephezulu ibizwa ngokuba yi-systolic uxinzelelo lwegazi. Inombolo engezantsi ibizwa ngokuba yi-diastolic uxinzelelo lwegazi. Umzekelo, i-120 ngaphezulu kwe-80 (ebhalwe njenge-120/80 mm Hg).

Inye okanye omabini la manani angaphakama kakhulu. (Qaphela: La manani asebenza kubantu abangathathi amayeza kuxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye abangaguli.)

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo kuxa uxinzelelo lwegazi lusezantsi kunama-120/80 mm Hg amaxesha amaninzi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi) kuxa olunye okanye zombini uxinzelelo lwegazi luphezulu kune-130/80 mm Hg ixesha elininzi.
• Ukuba inani eliphezulu loxinzelelo lwegazi liphakathi kwe-120 kunye ne-130 mm Hg, kwaye inani elingezantsi loxinzelelo lwegazi lingaphantsi kwe-80 mm Hg, ibizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukuba uneengxaki zentliziyo okanye zezintso, okanye wabethwa yistroke, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho lube sezantsi nangaphezulu kunabantu abangenayo le miqathango.

Zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela uxinzelelo lwegazi, kubandakanya:

• Inani lamanzi kunye netyuwa onayo emzimbeni wakho
• Imeko yezintso zakho, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, okanye imithambo yegazi
• Amanqanaba akho ehomoni

Kungenzeka ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphezulu kakhulu njengoko ukhula. Kungenxa yokuba imithambo yegazi yakho iqina njengoko uneminyaka yobudala. Xa oko kusenzeka, uxinzelelo lwegazi luyenyuka. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lonyusa amathuba akho okuba ube nokufa icala, isifo sentliziyo, ukusilela kwentliziyo, isifo sezintso, okanye ukufa kwangethuba.

Unomngcipheko ophezulu wexinzelelo lwegazi ukuba:

• Ngaba baseMelika baseMelika
• Batyebile
• Bahlala bexinzelelo okanye bexhalabile
• Sela kakhulu utywala (ngaphezulu kwesiselo esi-1 ngemini kwabasetyhini kunye nangaphezulu kweziselo ezi-2 ngosuku ngamadoda)
• Yitya ityuwa eninzi
• Unembali yosapho yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Unesifo seswekile
• Umsi

Uninzi lwexesha, akukho sizathu soxinzelelo lwegazi olufumanekayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hypertension ebalulekileyo.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olubangelwa yenye imeko yonyango okanye amayeza owathathayo kuthiwa yi-hypertension yesibini. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwesibini lunokubangelwa:

• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-adrenal gland (njenge-pheochromocytoma okanye i-Cushing syndrome)
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Ukukhulelwa okanye ipreeclampsia
• Amayeza anje ngeepilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa, iipilisi zokutya, amanye amayeza abandayo, amayeza e-migraine, i-corticosteroids, ezinye i-antipsychotic, kunye namayeza athile asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza
• Umthambo oxineneyo onika igazi kwizintso (i-renal artery stenosis)
• I-apnea yokulala ethintelayo (i-OSA)

Uninzi lwexesha, akukho zimpawu. Kubantu abaninzi, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lufunyanwa xa betyelele umboneleli wabo wezempilo okanye bayokujonga kwenye indawo.

Ngenxa yokuba kungekho zimpawu, abantu banokuba nesifo sentliziyo kunye neengxaki zezintso ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba banexinzelelo lwegazi.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi olunobungozi luhlobo oluyingozi loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukudideka
• Umbono utshintsha
• Iimpumlo

Ukuchonga uxinzelelo lwegazi kwangethuba kunokunceda ukuthintela isifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, iingxaki zamehlo, kunye nesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo.

Umboneleli wakho uya kulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi amaxesha amaninzi ngaphambi kokukufumanisa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Kuqhelekile ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho lwahluke ngokusekelwe kwixesha losuku.

Bonke abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwe-18 kufuneka kuvavanywe uxinzelelo lwegazi rhoqo ngonyaka. Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunokufuneka kunabo banembali yokufundwa koxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye abo banemingcipheko yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

Ukufundwa koxinzelelo lwegazi kuthathwe ekhaya kungangumlinganiso ongcono wegazi lakho ngoku kunoko kuthathwe kwiofisi yomboneleli wakho.

• Qinisekisa ukuba ufumana umgangatho olungileyo, ulungelelene kakuhle novavanyo lwegazi ekhaya. Kuya kufuneka ibe nekhokho enobungakanani obufanelekileyo kunye nokufundwa kwedijithali.
• Ziqhelanise nomboneleli wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba uthatha uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokuchanekileyo.
• Kuya kufuneka ukhululeke kwaye uhlale phantsi imizuzu eliqela ngaphambi kokuba ufunde.
• Yiza nokubeka iliso lakho ekhaya kwiindawo zakho zokuqeshwa ukuze umboneleli wakho aqiniseke ukuba isebenza ngokuchanekileyo.

Umboneleli wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ukukhangela iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo, ukonakala kwamehlo, kunye nolunye utshintsho emzimbeni wakho.

Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukujonga:

• Inqanaba le-cholesterol ephezulu
• Isifo sentliziyo, kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo ezinjenge-echocardiogram okanye i-electrocardiogram
• Isifo sezintso, kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo ezinje ngephaneli yesiseko ye-metabolic kunye ne-urinalysis okanye i-ultrasound yezintso

Injongo yonyango ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ukuze ube nomngcipheko ophantsi weengxaki zempilo ezibangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi. Wena kunye nomboneleli wakho kufuneka ubeke iinjongo zoxinzelelo lwegazi kuwe.

Nanini na xa ucinga ngonyango olungcono lwexinzelelo lwegazi, wena kunye nomboneleli wakho kufuneka niqwalasele ezinye izinto ezinje:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Amayeza owathathayo
• Umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza
• Ezinye iimeko zonyango onokuba nazo, njengembali yesifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, iingxaki zezintso, okanye isifo seswekile

Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphakathi kwe-120/80 kunye ne-130/80 mm Hg, ulonyusile uxinzelelo lwegazi.

• Umboneleli wakho uya kuncoma utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ukuzisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo.
• Amayeza kunqabile ukuba asetyenziswe kweli nqanaba.

Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lungaphezulu kwe-130/80, kodwa lungaphantsi kwe-140/90 mm Hg, uneNqanaba 1 loxinzelelo lwegazi. Xa ucinga ngonyango olulungileyo, wena kunye nomboneleli wakho kufuneka ucinge:

• Ukuba awunazo ezinye izifo okanye umngcipheko, umboneleli wakho unokucebisa utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila kwaye uphinde imilinganiselo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa.
• Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luhlala ngaphezulu kwe-130/80, kodwa lungaphantsi kwe-140/90 mm Hg, umboneleli wakho unokucebisa amayeza ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Ukuba unezinye izifo okanye umngcipheko, umboneleli wakho unokubanakho ukuqala amayeza ngaxeshanye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.

Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphezulu kune-140/90 mm Hg, uneNqanaba 2 uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Umboneleli wakho uya kuqala ngamayeza kwaye acebise utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.

Ngaphambi kokwenza uxilongo lokugqibela loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, umboneleli wakho kufuneka akucele ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lilinganiswe ekhaya, kwikhemesti yakho, okanye kwenye indawo ngaphandle kweofisi okanye isibhedlele.

UTSHINTSHO KWIMPILO

Unokwenza izinto ezininzi ukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kubandakanya:

• Yitya ukutya okunesifo sentliziyo, kubandakanya i-potassium kunye nefayibha.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi.
• Fumana ubuncinci imizuzu engama-40 yokumodareyitha usebenzise umthambo omkhulu we-aerobic ubuncinci iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 ngeveki.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka.
• Nciphisa utywala osela kubo kwisiselo esi-1 ngemini sabasetyhini, kunye ne-2 ngosuku kumadoda okanye ngaphantsi.
• Nciphisa inani lesodium (ityuwa) oyityayo. Cwangcisa ngaphantsi kwe-1,500 mg ngosuku.
• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo. Zama ukunqanda izinto ezibangela uxinzelelo kuwe, kwaye uzame ukucamngca okanye iyoga ukuze uxinzeleleke.
• Hlala kubunzima bomzimba osempilweni.

Umboneleli wakho unokukunceda ufumane iinkqubo zokunciphisa umzimba, ukuyeka ukutshaya, kunye nokuzilolonga.

Unokufumana kwakhona ukuthunyelwa kwingcali yokutya, onokukunceda ucwangcise ukutya okusempilweni kuwe.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho kufuneka lube phantsi kangakanani kwaye kwinqanaba elifunekayo ukuqala unyango lomntu ngamnye, ngokusekwe kubudala bakho kunye naziphi na iingxaki zonyango onazo.

AMAYEZA OKUQINISEKISA

Uninzi lwexesha, umboneleli wakho uya kuzama ukutshintsha indlela yokuphila, kwaye ujonge uxinzelelo lwegazi kabini okanye nangaphezulu. Amayeza anokuqaliswa ukuba ukufundwa koxinzelelo lwegazi kuhlala okanye ngaphezulu kwala manqanaba:

• Inani eliphezulu (uxinzelelo lwe-systolic) lwe-130 okanye nangaphezulu
• Inani elingezantsi (uxinzelelo lwe-diastolic) lama-80 okanye nangaphezulu

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, iingxaki zentliziyo, okanye imbali yestroke, amayeza anokuqalwa ekufundeni uxinzelelo lwegazi. Iithagethi zoxinzelelo lwegazi ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo kubantu abanezi ngxaki zonyango zingaphantsi kwe-120 ukuya kwi-130/80 mm Hg.

Maninzi amayeza ahlukeneyo anyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

• Rhoqo, ichiza loxinzelelo lwegazi elinye alinakwanela ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye kuya kufuneka uthathe amachiza amabini okanye nangaphezulu.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe amayeza amiselweyo.
• Ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokufaka elinye iyeza endaweni yalo.

Uninzi lwexesha, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokulawulwa ngamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.

Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lungalawulwa kakuhle, usengozini yokuba:

• Ukopha kwi-aorta, isitya esikhulu segazi esibonelela ngegazi esiswini, isinqe, kunye nemilenze
• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo
• Ukunikezelwa kwegazi okungalunganga kwimilenze
• Iingxaki ngombono wakho
• Ukubetha

Ukuba unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, uya kuvavanywa rhoqo nomboneleli wakho.

Nangona ungakhange ufunyaniswe unoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, kubalulekile ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho luhlolwe xa usiya kuhlolwa rhoqo, ngakumbi ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unayo okanye unoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho kwangoko ukuba ukubekwa kweliso ekhaya kubonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lusephezulu.

Uninzi lwabantu lunokuthintela uxinzelelo lwegazi olungenzeki ngokulandela utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila eyilelwe ukuzisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi; I-HBP

• I-ACE inhibitors
• I-Angioplasty kunye ne-stent-heart-discharge
• Iziyobisi Antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• I-Aspirin kunye nesifo sentliziyo
• Ibhotolo, imajarini neeoli zokupheka
• Cholesterol kunye nendlela yokuphila
• Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Unonophelo lwamehlo seswekile
• Isifo seswekile -ukuthintela ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokubetha
• Isifo seswekile - ukunyamekela iinyawo zakho
• Uvavanyo lwesifo seswekile kunye nokuhlolwa
• Kuchazwe amafutha ezempilo
• Iingcebiso zokutya okukhawulezayo
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo - ukukhutshwa
• Isifo sentliziyo - umngcipheko
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo - ukukhutshwa
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo - ulwelo kunye ne-diuretics
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo-ukubeka iliso ekhaya
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu- yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ufunda njani iilebheli zokutya
• Isixhobo se-Cardioverter defibrillator esinokufakwa
• Ukususwa kwezintso - ukubhobhoza
• Ukutya okunetyuwa encinci
• Ukutya kweMeditera
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile- ukubuza ugqirha

• Ukujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi
• Unyango olunganyangekiyo
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Ukutya okunguDASH
• Uvavanyo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi
• Ifuthe legazi

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UWhelton PK, uCarey RM, uAronow WS, et al.I-2017 ACC / AHA / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / AGS / APhA / ASH / ASPC / NMA / PCNA isikhokelo sothintelo, ukufumanisa, ukuvavanya, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kubantu abadala: ingxelo yeAmerican College of Cardiology / American Umsebenzi weQela loMbutho weentliziyo kwiZikhokelo zokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. J NdinguColl Cardiol. 2018; 71 (19): e127-e248. IINKCUKACHA: 29146535 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146535.

UXie X, uAtkins E, uLv J, et al. Iziphumo zoxinzelelo lwegazi olunamandla olwehlisayo kwiziphumo zentliziyo kunye nezintso: uhlaziyo lwenkqubo ehlaziyiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lweemeta. ILancet. Ngo-2016; 387 (10017): 435-443. IINKCUKACHA: 26559744 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26559744/.