Toxoplasmosis

Umxholo

• Ziintoni Iimpawu zeToxoplasmosis?
• Ziziphi izizathu zeToxoplasmosis?
• I-Toxoplasmosis ichongwa njani?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa neToxoplasmosis?
• I-Toxoplasmosis ithathwa njani?
• Unyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Ithini imbonakalo yaBantu abaneToxoplasmosis
• I-Toxoplasmosis ithintelwe njani?

Yintoni iToxoplasmosis?

I-Toxoplasmosis yintsholongwane ebangelwa yi-parasite. Esi sifunxi-gazi sibizwa Toxoplasma gondii. Inokufumaneka kwilindle lekati kunye nenyama engaphekwanga, ngakumbi inyamakazi, imvana kunye nengulube. Inokudluliselwa emanzini angcolileyo. I-Toxoplasmosis inokubulala okanye ibangele iziphene zokuzalwa kosana olungekazalwa ukuba umama wosulelekile. Kungenxa yeso sizathu oogqirha becebisa ngokuchasene nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ukukhupha okanye ukucoca iibhokisi zekati

Uninzi lwabantu abane-toxoplasmosis alunazo kwaphela iimpawu. Ngokuka, ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-60 zabantu e-United States bosulelwe sesi sifunxi-gazi. Abantu abasemngciphekweni wokosuleleka kakhulu ngabo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka kunye neentsana ezizelwe koomama abanesifo esisebenzayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabo.

Ziintoni Iimpawu zeToxoplasmosis?

osulelwe sisifunxi-gazi esibangela i-toxoplasmosis ayibonisi zimpawu okanye zimpawu.

Abantu abaphuhlisa iimpawu banokufumana:

• umkhuhlane
• I-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo, ngakumbi entanyeni
• intloko ebuhlungu
• iintlungu zemisipha
• umqala obuhkungu

Ezi mpawu zinokuhlala inyanga okanye nangaphezulu kwaye zihlala zisombulula ngokwazo.

I-Toxoplasmosis ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaye babuthathaka amajoni omzimba. Aba bantu, basemngciphekweni wokuphuhla:

• ukudumba kwengqondo, kubangela iintloko, ukuxhuzula, ukudideka kunye nokugqabhuka.
• usulelo lwemiphunga, lubangela ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane
• usulelo lwamehlo, olwenza umbono ocacileyo kunye nentlungu yamehlo

Xa usana olungekazalwa lusulelekile, iimpawu zisenokuba mncinci okanye zibesibi. I-Toxoplasmosis kusana olungekazalwa inokuba sengozini yobomi emntwaneni emva nje kokuzalwa. Uninzi lweentsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa kunye ne-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa zingabonakala ziqhelekileyo xa zizalwa kodwa zinokuphuhlisa iimpawu kunye neempawu njengoko zikhula. Kubaluleke ngakumbi ukujonga ukubandakanyeka kwingqondo yabo namehlo.

Ziziphi izizathu zeToxoplasmosis?

T. gondii yparparasite ebangela i-toxoplasmosis. Ungayibamba kwinyama engcolileyo ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle. Unokufumana i-toxoplasmosis ngokusela amanzi angcolileyo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-toxoplasmosis inokudluliselwa ngokudluliselwa kwegazi okanye kwilungu elifakelweyo.

Isifunxi-gazi sinokufumaneka nakwindle. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokufumaneka kwimveliso engahlanjwanga enesifo somgquba. Hlamba imveliso yakho kakuhle ukukhusela i-toxoplasmosis.

EUnited States, esi sifunxi-gazi sifumaneka kwilindle lekati. Nangona T. gondii Ifunyanwa phantse kuzo zonke izilwanyana ezinegazi elifudumeleyo, iikati kuphela kwezindwendwe ezaziwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amaqanda esifunxi-gazi azala kuphela kwiikati. Amaqanda aphuma emzimbeni womfazi ngokukhupha. Amakati ahlala ebonisa iimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis nangona inginginginya.

Abantu bosulelwa yi-toxoplasmosis kuphela xa bengenisa i-parasite. Oku kunokwenzeka xa uchanabeke kwilindle elingcolileyo lekati. Oku kunokwenzeka xa ucoca ibhokisi yenkunkuma ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla emva koko.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo banomngcipheko okhulayo wokudlulisa i-toxoplasmosis kumntwana wabo ongekazalwa ngale ndlela. Ngesi sizathu, kuya kufuneka ucele omnye umntu ukuba anakekele ibhokisi yenkunkuma ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Ukuba kufuneka uyicoce ngokwakho ibhokisi, zikhusele ngeiglavu kwaye utshintshe ibhokisi yenkunkuma yonke imihla. Isidleleleli asosuleli de kube lusuku olunye ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva kokuba siphelile.

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abantu bafumane i-toxoplasmosis kwiikati. Ngokubanzi, iikati zendlu ezingavumelekanga ngaphandle azithwali T. gondii. Iikati zasendle okanye iikati ezihlala ngaphandle kwaye zizingela kunokwenzeka ukuba zibe yimikhosi yazo T. gondii.

E-United States, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokosulelwa sisifo sokufunyanwa sisifo i-toxoplasmosis kukutya inyama ekrwada okanye iziqhamo nemifuno engahlanjwanga.

I-Toxoplasmosis ichongwa njani?

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela ii-antibodies kule ntsholongwane. I-antibody luhlobo lweprotein eveliswa ngamajoni akho omzimba xa egrogriswa zizinto ezinobungozi. Ama-antibodies afumana izinto zangaphandle ngabaphawuli bomhlaba, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiantigen. Iantigens zibandakanya:

• iintsholongwane
• iintsholongwane
• izifunxi-gazi
• ngundo

Nje ukuba i-antibody ikhule ngokuchasene ne-antigen ethile, iya kuhlala kwigazi lakho ukukhusela ngokuchasene nosulelo oluzayo kunye nelo langaphandle.

Ukuba ukhe wavezwa T. gondii, izilwa-buhlungu ziya kubakho egazini lakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba uza kuvavanya ukuba une-antibodies. Ukuba iimvavanyo zakho zibuya zilungile, emva koko wosulelwe sesi sifo ngaxa lithile ebomini bakho. Iziphumo eziqinisekileyo azithethi ukuba okwangoku unesifo esisebenzayo.

Ukuba iimvavanyo zakho zibuya zilungile kwii-antibodies, ugqirha wakho angenza olunye uvavanyo ukuze ancede abone ukuba bosulelwe nini na.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unesifo esisebenzayo, ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya i-amniotic fluid yakho kunye negazi lomntwana. I-ultrasound inokukunceda ukumisela ukuba ngaba umntwana wosulelekile.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-toxoplasmosis, mhlawumbi uya kuthunyelwa kwingcali. Ukucebisa ngemfuzo kuya kucetyiswa. Ukhetho lokuphelisa ukukhulelwa, ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bokukhulelwa komntwana, lunokunikezelwa njengokubakho. Ukuba uqhubeka nokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi anike i-antibiotics ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko womntwana wakho weempawu.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa neToxoplasmosis?

Isizathu sokuba umfazi okhulelweyo athathe amanyathelo okhuseleko okhethekileyo ukuthintela i-toxoplasmosis kukuba inokuba yinto enzima kakhulu, kwaye ibulale, nosana olusulelekileyo esibelekweni. Kulabo basindayo, i-toxoplasmosis inokuba neziphumo ezihlala zihleli:

• ingqondo
• amehlo
• Intliziyo
• imiphunga

Banokuba nakho ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni kwengqondo kunye nasemzimbeni.

Ngokubanzi, abantwana abosuleleke kwangoko ngexesha lokukhulelwa banengxaki enkulu kunokuba abo bosulelwe kamva ekukhulelweni. Iintsana ezizalwe zine-toxoplasmosis zinokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuva kunye nokulahleka kombono. Abanye abantwana banokuchaphazeleka ngokukhubazeka ekufundeni

I-Toxoplasmosis ithathwa njani?

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba unganyangi i-toxoplasmosis yakho ukuba ayibangeli zimpawu. Uninzi lwabantu abaphilileyo abahlakulela usulelo abanazo naziphi na iimpawu okanye bahlakulela iimpawu ezinobulali ezizimeleyo.

Ukuba esi sifo siqatha, siyazingisa, sibandakanya amehlo, okanye sibandakanya amalungu angaphakathi, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi anike ipyrimethamine (Daraprim) kunye nesulfadiazine. IPyrimethamine ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seengcongconi. I-Sulfadiazine yintsholongwane.

Ukuba une-HIV okanye i-AIDS, kungafuneka uqhubeke nala mayeza ubomi bakho bonke. I-Pyrimethamine inciphisa amanqanaba akho e-folic acid, eluhlobo lwevithamini B. Ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba uthathe i-vitamin B eyongezelelweyo ngelixa uthatha iyeza.

Unyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Unyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa lwahlukile. Inkqubo yakho yonyango iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni umntwana wakho ongekazalwa wosulelekile kunye nokuba qatha kosulelo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthetha nawe malunga neyona ndlela ibhetele kwimeko yakho. Kungenzeka, uya kumiselwa i-antibiotiki ngokubhekiselele ekude kangakanani ekukhulelweni kwakho ukunciphisa amathuba okudluliselwa kumntwana. I-antibiotic ebizwa ngokuba yi-spiramycin icetyiswa ngokubanzi kwikota yokuqala neyokuqala. Indibaniselwano ye-pyrimethamine / sulfadiazine kunye ne-leucovorin ihlala isetyenziswa ngexesha lesibini nelokuqala lesithathu.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ongekazalwa une-toxoplasmosis, i-pyrimethamine kunye ne-sulfadiazine zinokuthathwa njengonyango. Nangona kunjalo, omabini la machiza aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibonakalayo kwabasetyhini nakwimveku engekazalwa kwaye zisetyenziswa njengendawo yokugqibela. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zibandakanya ukucinezelwa komongo wethambo onceda ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi kunye nobutyhefu besibindi.

Ithini imbonakalo yaBantu abaneToxoplasmosis

Imbonakalo yabantu abakule meko ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Abafazi abakhulelweyo abaphuhlisa le meko kuya kufuneka basebenze nogqirha wabo ukuza nesicwangciso sonyango esilungele bona. Iintsana ezizalwe zine-toxoplasmosis zinokufumana unyango kude kube ngunyaka.

Abantu abanesifo sikagawulayo kunye nabantwana abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka bangadinga ukuba balaliswe esibhedlele ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki.

Ukuba awukhulelwe kwaye awunazo naziphi na iimeko zempilo ezingaphantsi kuya kufuneka uchache kwiiveki ezininzi. Ugqirha wakho usenokungakumiseli naluphi na unyango ukuba iimpawu zakho ziphakathi kwaye usempilweni ngenye indlela.

I-Toxoplasmosis ithintelwe njani?

Unokuthintela i-toxoplasmosis ngo:

• uhlambe yonke imveliso entsha phambi kokuba uyitye
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inyama iphekwe ngokufanelekileyo
• ukuhlamba zonke izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha inyama eluhlaza
• Hlamba izandla zakho emva kokucoca okanye ukuhlamba inkunkuma yekati

Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka babenomnye umntu ococa ibhokisi yenkunkuma yekati ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabo.