Yintoni ebangela ukulahleka kwethambo?

I-Osteoporosis, okanye amathambo abuthathaka, sisifo esibangela ukuba amathambo aqhekeke kwaye kube lula ukwaphuka (ikhefu). Nge-osteoporosis, amathambo aphulukana noxinano. Ukuxinana kwethambo sisixa samathambo abalwa emathanjeni akho.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-osteoporosis kuthetha ukuba usemngciphekweni wokuqhekeka kwethambo kwanemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla okanye iingozi ezincinci okanye ukuwa.

Umzimba wakho ufuna iicalcium kunye nephosphate ukwenza kunye nokugcina amathambo asempilweni.

• Ngexesha lobomi bakho, umzimba wakho uyaqhubeka nokubuyisela ithambo elidala kunye nokwenza ithambo elitsha. Amathambo akho onke athathelwa indawo ngayo yonke iminyaka eli-10, nangona le nkqubo icotha njengoko usiba mdala.
• Logama nje umzimba wakho unebhalansi elungileyo yethambo elitsha nelidala, amathambo akho ahlala esempilweni kwaye omelele.
• Ukuphulukana nethambo kwenzeka xa amathambo amadala ebuyiselwe endaweni kunokuba ithambo elitsha lenziwe.

Ngamanye amaxesha ukulahleka kwethambo kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo. Olunye ukonakala kwamathambo ngokuguga kuyinto eqhelekileyo kuye wonke umntu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphulukana nethambo kunye namathambo amancinci aqhutywa kwiintsapho kwaye esi sifo sizuze ilifa. Ngokubanzi, abamhlophe, abafazi abadala zezona zinokwenzeka ukuba baphulukane nethambo. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wabo wokwaphula ithambo.

Amathambo aqhekekileyo, aethe-ethe anokubangelwa yiyo nayiphi na into eyenza ukuba umzimba wakho utshabalalise kakhulu ithambo, okanye ugcine umzimba wakho ekwenzeni ithambo elaneleyo.

Amathambo abuthathaka anokwaphuka ngokulula, nokuba awenzakalanga.

Ukuxinana kwamathambo ayisiyiyo kuphela into exela kwangaphambili ukuba amathambo akho abuthathaka kangakanani. Kukho ezinye izinto ezingaziwayo ezinxulumene nomgangatho wethambo obaluleke njengobungakanani bethambo. Uninzi lweemvavanyo zoxinzelelo lwethambo zilinganisela kuphela ubungakanani bethambo.

Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, umzimba wakho unokuphinda usebenzise i-calcium kunye ne-phosphate emathanjeni akho endaweni yokugcina ezi minerali emathanjeni akho. Oku kwenza amathambo akho abe buthathaka. Xa le nkqubo ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile, ibizwa ngokuba yi-osteoporosis.

Amaxesha amaninzi, umntu uya kwaphuka ithambo ngaphambi kokuba bazi nokuba baphulukene nethambo. Ngexesha lokwaphuka kwenzeka, ukulahleka kwethambo kuyinto enzulu.

Abasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 kunye namadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 banomngcipheko ophezulu we-osteoporosis kunabasetyhini abancinci nabesilisa.

• Kubafazi, ukwehla kwe-estrogen ngexesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni sesona sizathu siphambili sokuphulukana nethambo.
• Kumadoda, ukwehla kwe testosterone njengoko bekhula kunokubangela ukulahleka kwethambo.

Umzimba wakho udinga ikhalsiyam kunye nevithamini D kunye nokuzilolonga ngokwaneleyo ukwakha nokugcina amathambo omelele.

Umzimba wakho awunakwenza ithambo elitsha ngokwaneleyo ukuba:

• Awutyi ukutya okwaneleyo okune-calcium eninzi
• Umzimba wakho awuyifunxi ngokwaneleyo icalcium ekutyeni okutyayo
• Umzimba wakho ususa i-calcium engaphezulu kwesiqhelo kumchamo

Imikhwa ethile inokuchaphazela amathambo akho.

• Ukusela utywala. Ukusela kakhulu kunokuwonakalisa amathambo akho. Inokukubeka emngciphekweni wokuwa kunye nokophuka ithambo.
• Ukutshaya. Amadoda nabasetyhini abatshayayo banamathambo abuthathaka. Abasetyhini abatshayayo emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni banamathuba aphezulu okuqhekeka.

Abafazi abancinci abangenaxesha lokuya exesheni ixesha elide banomngcipheko ophezulu wokulahleka kwamathambo kunye ne-osteoporosis.

Ubunzima bomzimba obuphantsi bunxulunyaniswa nobunzima bamathambo kunye namathambo abuthathaka.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunxulunyaniswa nobunzima bethambo kunye namandla.

Iimeko ezininzi zonyango zexesha elide (ezingapheliyo) zinokugcina abantu bevalelwe ebhedini okanye esitulweni.

• Oku kugcina izihlunu kunye namathambo esinqeni nasemathangeni ukuba angasetyenziswa okanye athwale nabuphi na ubunzima.
• Ukungakwazi ukuhamba okanye ukuzivocavoca kunokukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nethambo kunye nokwaphuka.

Ezinye iimeko zonyango ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekuphulukaneni nethambo zezi:

• Irheumatoid Arthritis
• Ixesha elide (elingapheliyo) isifo sezintso
• Ukudlala okugqithisileyo kweparathyroid
• Iswekile, ihlala ichwetheza isifo seswekile se-1
• Ukufakelwa komzimba

Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza anyanga iimeko ezithile zonyango anokubangela i-osteoporosis. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Unyango lweHormone-lokuthintela unyango lomhlaza wedlala lobuchopho okanye umhlaza webele
• Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuxhuzula okanye ukuxhuzula
• I-Glucocorticoid (steroid) amayeza, ukuba athathwa ngomlomo yonke imihla ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-3, okanye athathwa amatyeli aliqela ngonyaka

Naluphi na unyango okanye imeko ebangela ukuba i-calcium okanye ivithamin D ingangeni kakuhle inokukhokelela kumathambo abuthathaka. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Ukudlula kwisisu (utyando lokuphulukana nobunzima)
• Icystic fibrosis
• Ezinye iimeko ezikhusela amathumbu amancinci ekufunxeni izondlo kakuhle

Abantu abanengxaki yokutya, njenge-anorexia okanye i-bulimia, nabo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba ne-osteoporosis.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nomngcipheko wokulahleka kwethambo kunye ne-osteoporosis. Fumanisa ukuba ungalifumana njani inani elifanelekileyo le-calcium nevithamin D, loluphi uhlobo lokuzilolonga okanye utshintsho olukufaneleyo, kwaye ngawaphi amayeza onokuwathatha.

Osteoporosis - oonobangela; Ukuxinana kwamathambo asezantsi - oonobangela

• Isibonelelo seVitamin D
• Umthombo weCalcium

UDe Paula FJA, uMnyama oMnyama, uRosen CJ. I-Osteoporosis: izinto ezisisiseko kunye nezonyango. Ku: UMelmed S, uAuchus RJ, uGoldfine AB, uKoenig RJ, uRosen CJ, ii-eds. Incwadi ebhaliweyo kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 30.

I-Eastell R, iRosen CJ, i-Black DM, i-Cheung AM, i-Murad MH, i-Shoback D.Ukulawulwa kwe-Pharmacological ye-osteoporosis kubafazi be-postmenopausal: uMbutho we-Endocrine * Isikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. J Ikliniki ye-Endocrinol Metab. Ngo-2019; 104 (5): 1595-1622. IINKCUKACHA: 30907953 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30907953/.

I-Weber TJ. Unyango. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 230.

• Ukuxinana kwamathambo
• Unyango