I-anemia yeHemolytic

I-anemia yimeko apho umzimba ungenayo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibonelela ngeoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba.

Ngokwesiqhelo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihlala malunga neentsuku ezili-120 emzimbeni. Kwi-hemolytic anemia, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa kwangoko kunesiqhelo.

Umongo wethambo ikakhulu uxanduva lokwenza iiseli ezibomvu ezintsha. Umongo wethambo sisicubu esithambileyo embindini wamathambo esinceda ekwenzeni zonke iiseli zegazi.

I-hemolytic anemia yenzeka xa umongo wethambo ungenzi iiseli ezibomvu ngokwaneleyo ukubuyisela ezo zitshatyalaliswayo.

Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela i-hemolytic anemia. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinokutshatyalaliswa ngenxa:

• Ingxaki yokuzimela komzimba apho amajoni omzimba ngokungafanelekanga abona iiseli zakho ezibomvu njengezinto zangaphandle kwaye azitshabalalise
• Iziphene zemfuza ngaphakathi kweeseli ezibomvu (ezinjenge-sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, kunye nokusilela kwe-G6PD)
• Ukuboniswa kwimichiza ethile, amayeza, kunye neetyhefu
• Usulelo
• Amahlwili egazi kwimithambo yegazi encinci
• Utofelo-gazi olusuka kumntu onikele ngeentlobo zegazi ezingahambelaniyo nezakho

Awunakuba neempawu ukuba i-anemia ithambile. Ukuba ingxaki ikhula kancinci, iimpawu zokuqala zisenokuba:

• Ukuziva ubuthathaka okanye udiniwe rhoqo kunesiqhelo, okanye ngokwenza umthambo
• Imvakalelo zokuba intliziyo yakho iyabetheka okanye ibaleka
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Iingxaki zokugxila okanye zokucinga

Ukuba i-anemia iya isiba mandundu, iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Ubukhaphukhaphu xa uphakama
• Ulusu oluthuthu
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ulwimi olubi
• Ipeni eyandisiweyo

Uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba ligazi elipheleleyo (i-CBC) lunokunceda ekufumaniseni i-anemia kwaye unike iingcebiso kuhlobo kunye nesizathu sengxaki. Iindawo ezibalulekileyo ze-CBC zibandakanya ukubala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi (RBC), ihemoglobin, kunye nehematocrit (HCT).

Olu vavanyo lunokuchonga uhlobo lwe-hemolytic anemia:

• Ukubala kwe-reticulocyte ngokupheleleyo
• Uvavanyo lweeCombs, ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo
• Uvavanyo lweDonath-Landsteiner
• Ii-agglutinins ezibandayo
• Ihemoglobin yasimahla kwi-serum okanye kumchamo
• IHemosiderin kumchamo
• Ubalo lweplatelet
• Iiproteni electrophoresis - serum
• IPyruvate kinase
• Amanqanaba eSerum haptoglobin
• ISerum LDH
• Inqanaba leCarboxyhemoglobin
  

Unyango luxhomekeke kudidi kunye nonobangela we-hemolytic anemia:

• Kumaxesha kaxakeka kusenokufuneka utofelo-gazi.
• Kwizizathu zokuzikhusela komzimba, amayeza acinezela amajoni omzimba anokusetyenziswa.
• Xa iiseli zegazi zitshatyalaliswa ngesantya esikhawulezayo, umzimba unokufuna i-folic acid eyongezelelweyo kunye ne-iron supplements ukuze ubuyisele okulahlekileyo.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, utyando luyafuneka ukukhupha udakada. Kungenxa yokuba udakada usebenza njengesihluzi esisusa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga egazini.

Isiphumo sixhomekeke kudidi kunye nonobangela we-hemolytic anemia. Ukuqaqanjelwa kwegazi ngamandla kunokwenza ukuba isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga, okanye isifo se-cerebrovascular sibi.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba uvelisa iimpawu ze-hemolytic anemia.

Anemia - haemolytic

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli zerhengqa
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi-iiseli ezininzi zeerheng
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - iiseli zerhengqa
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi - irhengqa kunye nePappenheimer
• Iiseli zegazi

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IGallagher PG. I-hemolytic anemias: inwebu ebomvu yegazi kunye neziphene kwimetabolism. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 152.

UKumar V, u-Abbas AK, uAster JC. Iinkqubo ze-Hematopoietic kunye ne-lymphoid. Ku: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, ii-eds. Robbins yePathology esisiseko. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 12.