Ileukemia eyi-lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE)

I-lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE) ngumhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza wohlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-lymphoblast.

ZONKE zenzeka xa umongo wethambo uvelisa inani elikhulu lee-lymphoblasts ezingafakwanga. Umongo wethambo sisicubu esithambileyo embindini wamathambo esinceda ekwenzeni zonke iiseli zegazi. Ii-lymphoblast ezingaqhelekanga zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibuyisele iiseli eziqhelekileyo kumongo wethambo. BONKE bathintela iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni ekubeni zenziwe. Iimpawu ezisongela ubomi zinokwenzeka njengoko ukubala kwegazi kuhla.

Uninzi lwexesha, akukho sizathu sicacileyo sinokufunyanwa SONKE.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokudlala indima kuphuhliso lweentlobo zonke zegazi:

• Ezinye iingxaki ze-chromosome
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimitha, kubandakanya i-ray-ray ngaphambi kokuzalwa
• Unyango lwangaphambili ngamachiza e-chemotherapy
• Ukufumana ukufakelwa komongo wethambo
• Ityhefu, njenge-benzene

Ezi zinto zilandelayo ziyaziwa ukwandisa umngcipheko kubo BONKE:

• I-Down syndrome okanye ezinye iingxaki zemfuza
• Umzalwana okanye udade one-leukemia

Olu hlobo lwe-leukemia luhlala luchaphazela abantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweli-7. YONKE sesona sifo somhlaza siqhelekileyo kubantwana, kodwa sinokuvela nakubantu abadala.

ZONKE izinto zenza ukuba umntu aphume kakhulu kwaye ahlasele usulelo. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Intlungu kunye nentlungu edibeneyo
• Ukutyumka ngokulula nokopha (njengokuphuma kweentsini, ukopha kolusu, ukuphuma kweempumlo, amaxesha angaqhelekanga)
• Ndiziva ndibuthathaka okanye ndidiniwe
• Ifiva
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokwehla kobunzima
• Ubumhlophe
• Intlungu okanye uvakalelo lokugcwala ngaphantsi kweembambo ezivela kwisibindi esandisiweyo okanye udakada
• Khomba amabala abomvu eluswini (petechiae)
• I-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo entanyeni, phantsi kweengalo, kunye ne-groin
• Ukubila ebusuku

Ezi mpawu zinokwenzeka nezinye iimeko. Thetha nomboneleli wezempilo malunga nentsingiselo yeempawu ezithile.

Umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu zakho.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC), kubandakanya ukubala kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (WBC)
• Ubalo lweplatelet
• Umongo wethambo
• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo) ukujonga iiseli ze-leukemia kulwelo lomqolo

Uvavanyo luyenziwa ukukhangela utshintsho kwi-DNA ngaphakathi kweeseli ezimhlophe ezingaqhelekanga. Utshintsho oluthile lwe-DNA lunokumisela ukuba umntu wenza njani (isifo seprosesa), kwaye loluphi uhlobo lonyango olucetyiswayo.

Injongo yokuqala yonyango kukufumana ukubalwa kwegazi kubuyela esiqhelweni. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka kwaye umongo wethambo ubonakala usempilweni phantsi kwemicroscope, umhlaza kuthiwa uxolile.

I-Chemotherapy lunyango lokuqala olwaluzanywa ngenjongo yokufumana uxolelo.

• Umntu angadinga ukuhlala esibhedlele kwi-chemotherapy. Okanye inokunikwa eklinikhi aze umntu agoduke emva koko.
• I-Chemotherapy inikwa kwimithambo (nge-IV) kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kulwelo olujikeleze ingqondo (ulwelo lomqolo).

Emva kokuba uxolelo lufezekisiwe, unyango oluninzi lunikezelwa ukufezekisa unyango. Olu nyango lunokubandakanya ngaphezulu i-IV chemotherapy okanye i-radiation kwingqondo. Iseli yesinti okanye, umongo wethambo, ukufakelwa komnye umntu nako kunokwenziwa. Olunye unyango luxhomekeke:

• Ubudala kunye nempilo yomntu
• Utshintsho kwimfuza kwiiseli zegazi
• Zingaphi iikhosi zekhemotherapy ezithathiweyo ukufezekisa uxolelo
• Ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zisabonakala phantsi kwemicroscope
• Ukufumaneka kwabanikeli kutshintsho lweseli

Wena kunye nomboneleli wakho unokufuna ukulawula ezinye iinkxalabo ngexesha lokunyanga kwe-leukemia, kuquka:

• Ukuba ne-chemotherapy ekhaya
• Ukulawula izilwanyana zakho ngexesha lekhemotherapy
• Iingxaki zokopha
• Umlomo owomileyo
• Ukutya iikhalori ezaneleyo
• Ukutya okukhuselekileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Abo basabela kunyango ngoko nangoko bathambekele ekwenzeni ngcono. Uninzi lwabantwana abaneZONKE luyanyangeka. Abantwana bahlala befumana iziphumo ezingcono kunabantu abadala.

Zombini i-leukemia uqobo kunye nonyango zingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi ezinjengokopha, ukunciphisa umzimba, kunye nosulelo.

Biza umnikezeli wakho ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uvelisa iimpawu ZONKE.

Umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa BONKE unokuncitshiswa ngokuphepha ukunxibelelana neetyhefu ezithile, imitha kunye neekhemikhali.

BONKE; Leukemia egazini lymphoblastic; Leukemia Acute lymphoid; Leukemia ebuntwaneni; Umhlaza-wegazi ebukhali ebuntwaneni (BONKE); Wegazi - ebukhali ebuntwaneni (BONKE); Ileukemia ene-lymphocytic

• Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo - ukukhupha
• Ukutya iikhalori ezongezelelweyo xa ugula - abantu abadala
• Umlomo kunye nentamo radiation - ukukhutshwa
• I-Oral mucositis - ukuzikhathalela
• Xa unesicaphucaphu nokugabha

• Umnqweno wethambo
• Leukemia Acute lymphocytic - photomicrograph
• Iintonga zeAuer
• Umongo wethambo esinqeni
• Inkqubo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela

UCarroll WL, uBhatla T. I-leukemia enobungozi. Ku: Lanzkowsky P, Lipton JM, Fish JD, ii-eds. Incwadana yemigaqo kaLanzkowsky yePediatric Hematology kunye neOncology. Umhla wesi-6. ICambridge, MA: Elsevier Academic Press; 2016: isahl 18.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwe-lymphoblastic leukemia yabantu abadala (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/abantu abadala- bonke- unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 22, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 13, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwe-lymphoblastic leukemia ebuntwaneni (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-lonke-kunyanga-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 6, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 13, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yeNethiwekhi yeCancer epheleleyo yoMhlaza. Izikhokelo ze-NCCN zokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi kwi-oncology: acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Inguqulelo 4.2017. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/all.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 15, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 13, 2020.