I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma

I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) ngumhlaza kwizicubu ze-lymph. Izicubu ze-lymph zifumaneka kwii-lymph nodes, spleen, nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocyte, zifumaneka kwizicubu ze-lymph. Ziyanceda ukuthintela usulelo. Uninzi lwe-lymphomas luqala kuhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-B lymphocyte, okanye iseli B.

Kubantu abaninzi, unobangela we-NHL awaziwa. Kodwa i-lymphomas inokukhula kubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, kubandakanya abantu abanokufakelwa komzimba okanye abantu abane-HIV.

I-NHL ihlala ichaphazela abantu abadala. Amadoda aphuhlisa i-NHL rhoqo kunabafazi. Abantwana banako ukuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ze-NHL.

Zininzi iintlobo zeNHL. Ukwahlulahlulahlula ngokwamaqela kukukhawuleza komhlaza ukusasazeka. Umhlaza usenokuba kwinqanaba eliphantsi (ukukhula kancinci), ibanga eliphakathi, okanye inqanaba eliphezulu (ukukhula ngokukhawuleza).

I-NHL iqokelelwe ngokwamaqela ngendlela iiseli ezibukeka ngayo phantsi kwemicroscope, luhlobo luni lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezivela kuyo, nokuba ngaba lukhona utshintsho oluthile kwi-DNA kwiiseli zethumba ngokwazo.

Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi indawo yomzimba echaphazelekayo ngumhlaza kunye nokuba umhlaza ukhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukumanzi ebusuku ukubila
• Umkhuhlane kunye nobushushu obuza buhambe
• Ukurhawuzelela
• I-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo entanyeni, phantsi kweengalo, kwi-groin okanye kwezinye iindawo
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Ukukhohlela okanye ukuphefumla kancinci ukuba umhlaza uchaphazela i-thymus gland okanye i-lymph nodes esifubeni, ubeka uxinzelelo kwi-windpipe (trachea) okanye kumasebe ayo.
• Intlungu yesisu okanye ukudumba, okukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nesidlo, ukuqhina, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha
• Intloko, iingxaki zoxinzelelo, utshintsho kubuntu, okanye ukuxhuzula ukuba umhlaza uchaphazela ingqondo

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ajonge iindawo zomzimba ezinee-lymph node zokuziva ukuba zidumbile.

Esi sifo sinokufunyaniswa emva kwe-biopsy yeethishu ezikrokrelwayo, zihlala ziyi-lymph node biopsy.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba eprotini, ukusebenza kwesibindi, ukusebenza kwezintso, kunye nenqanaba leuric acid
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT kwesifuba, isisu kunye nesinqe
• Umongo wethambo
• Ukuskena iPET

Ukuba iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba unayo i-NHL, kuya kwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ukubona ukuba sele isasazeke kangakanani. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yistage. Ukubeka esiteji kunceda ukukhokelela kunyango lwexesha elizayo kunye nokulandela.

Unyango luxhomekeke:

• Uhlobo oluthile lwe-NHL
• Inqanaba xa ufunyaniswa okokuqala
• Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yonke
• Iimpawu, kubandakanya ukwehla kobunzima, umkhuhlane kunye nokubila ebusuku

Unokufumana i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, okanye zombini. Okanye awunakufuna unyango kwangoko. Umboneleli wakho unokukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nonyango lwakho oluthile.

I-Radioimmunotherapy ingasetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko. Oku kubandakanya ukudibanisa into enemitha ye-radio kunye ne-antibody ejolise kwiiseli ezinomhlaza kunye nokujova into emzimbeni.

Uhlobo lwechemotherapy olubizwa ngokuba lonyango ekujoliswe kulo lungazama.Isebenzisa ichiza ukugxila kwiithagethi ezithile (iimolekyuli) ngaphakathi okanye kwiiseli zomhlaza. Sebenzisa oku kujoliswe kuko, iyeza likhubaza iiseli zomhlaza ukuze zingabinako ukusasazeka.

Unyango oluphezulu lwe-chemotherapy lunokunikwa xa i-NHL iphinda ibuye okanye isilele ukuphendula kunyango lokuqala olwenziweyo. Oku kulandelwa kukufakelwa kweeseli ezizenzekelayo (usebenzisa iiseli zakho zokuma) ukuhlangula umongo wethambo emva konyango lweedosi ephezulu. Ngeentlobo ezithile ze-NHL, la manyathelo onyango asetyenziselwa uxolelo lokuqala ukuzama ukufezekisa unyango.

Ukumpontshelwa igazi okanye utofelo-gazi kungafuneka ukuba ukubalwa kwegazi kuphantsi.

Wena kunye nomboneleli wakho unokufuna ukulawula ezinye iinkxalabo ngexesha lokunyanga kwe-leukemia, kuquka:

• Ukuba ne-chemotherapy ekhaya
• Ukulawula izilwanyana zakho ngexesha lekhemotherapy
• Iingxaki zokopha
• Umlomo owomileyo
• Ukutya iikhalori ezaneleyo

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

I-NHL ekumgangatho ophantsi kaninzi ayinakunyangeka ngekhemotherapy yodwa. I-NHL ekumgangatho ophantsi iqhubeka kancinci kwaye ingathatha iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokuba esi sifo siba sibi ngakumbi okanye side sifune unyango. Isidingo sonyango sihlala simiselwe ziimpawu, ukuba isifo sihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na, kwaye ukuba ukubalwa kwegazi kuphantsi.

I-Chemotherapy inokuphilisa ezininzi iintlobo zee-lymphomas eziphezulu. Ukuba umhlaza awuphenduli kwi-chemotherapy, esi sifo sinokubangela ukufa ngokukhawuleza.

I-NHL ngokwayo kunye nokunyanga kwayo kungakhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo. Oku kubandakanya:

• I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia, imeko apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibhujiswa ngamajoni omzimba
• Usulelo
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamachiza ekhemotherapy

Qhubeka ulandela umboneleli owaziyo malunga nokubeka esweni kunye nokuthintela ezi ngxaki.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uphuhlisa iimpawu zoku kuphazamiseka.

Ukuba unayo i-NHL, biza umnikezeli wakho ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane oqhubekayo okanye ezinye iimpawu zosulelo.

I-Lymphoma - engeyiyo iHodgkin; Lymphocytic lymphoma; Imbali ye-lymphoma; Lymphoblastic lymphoma; Umhlaza - non-Hodgkin lymphoma; I-NHL

• Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo - ukukhupha
• I-Chemotherapy -yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Unyango ngemitha- imibuzo oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho

• I-Lymphoma, enobungozi-i-CT scan
• Inkqubo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela

UAbramson JS. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 103.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwabantu abadala i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/abantu abadala-nhl- unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 18, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 13, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwe-non-Hodgkin lymphoma yobuntwana (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-nhl-unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 5, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 13, 2020.