Ukunceda umntwana wakho ofikisayo ngoxinzelelo

Ukudakumba komntwana wakho kunokunyangwa ngonyango lokuthetha, amayeza okulwa nokudakumba, okanye indibaniselwano yezi. Funda malunga nento ekhoyo kunye nento onokuyenza ekhaya ukunceda umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo.

Wena, umntwana wakho, kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo kufuneka uxoxe ngezinto ezinokukunceda kakhulu umntwana wakho. Olona nyango lusebenzayo kuxinzelelo zezi:

• Thetha unyango
• Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo

Ukuba umntwana wakho unokufumana ingxaki ngeziyobisi okanye utywala, xoxa ngale nto kunye nomboneleli.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uxinezelekile okanye usengozini yokuzibulala, umntwana wakho unokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele unyango.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nokufumana unyango kumntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo.

• Uninzi lolutsha olunokudakumba luxhamla kuhlobo oluthile lonyango lwentetho.
• Ukuthetha ngonyango yindawo elungileyo yokuthetha ngeemvakalelo zabo kunye neenkxalabo zabo, kunye nokufunda iindlela zokujongana nabo. Umntwana wakho unokufunda ukuqonda imiba enokubangela ukuba aziphathe, iingcinga okanye iimvakalelo.
• Umntwana wakho uya kufuna ukubona umphathiswa ubuncinane kanye ngeveki ukuqala.

Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwentetho, ezinje:

• Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha kufundisa umntwana wakho ukuba aqiqe ngeengcinga ezimbi. Umntwana wakho uya kuzazi ngakumbi iimpawu zabo, kwaye uya kufunda ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba uxinzelelo lwabo lube lubi ngakumbi kunye nezakhono zokusombulula iingxaki.
• Unyango losapho luyanceda xa ungquzulwano losapho lunegalelo kuxinzelelo. Inkxaso evela kusapho okanye kootitshala inokunceda kwiingxaki zesikolo.
• Unyango lweqela lunokunceda ulutsha lufunde kumava abanye abalwa nengxaki efanayo.

Jonga inkampani yakho yeinshurensi yezempilo ukuze ubone ukuba iza kukugubungela ntoni.

Wena, umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo, kunye nomboneleli wakho kufuneka nixoxe malunga nokuba amayeza oxinzelelekileyo anokunceda umntwana wakho. Amayeza abaluleke ngakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho uxinezeleke kakhulu. Kule meko, unyango lwenyani alusayi kusebenza.

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuba amayeza anokunceda, umboneleli wakho uya kuthi akunike uhlobo lweyeza elichasene noxinzelelo elibizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) ekhethiweyo.

Amayeza amabini aqhelekileyo e-SSRI yi-fluoxetine (Prozac) kunye ne-escitalopram (Lexapro). Oku kuvunyelwe ukunyanga uxinzelelo kulutsha. Iprozac ikwavunyiwe kubantwana abaneminyaka esi-8 nangaphezulu.

Olunye udidi lwee-anti-depressants, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-tricyclics, aluvunyelwanga ukuba lusetyenziswe kulutsha.

Kukho umngcipheko kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngokuthatha iziyobisi. Umboneleli wakho wolutsha unokunceda ukulawula ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga. Inani elincinci labakwishumi elivisayo, la mayeza anokubenza babe noxinzelelo ngakumbi kwaye abanike iingcinga zokuzibulala. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, wena okanye ulutsha lwakho kufuneka nithethe nomboneleli kwangoko.

Ukuba wena, umntwana wakho, kunye nomboneleli wakho uthatha isigqibo sokuba umntwana wakho uya kuthatha uxinzelelo, qiniseka ukuba:

• Uyinika ixesha lokusebenza. Ukufumana ichiza elifanelekileyo kunye nedosi kungathatha ixesha. Kungathatha iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-8 ukufikelela kwisiphumo esipheleleyo.
• Ugqirha wezifo zengqondo okanye omnye ugqirha onyanga uxinzelelo kulutsha ujonge iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• Wena nabanye abakhathaleli nibukele umntwana wakho ukuba ucinga ngokuzibulala okanye indlela aziphethe ngayo, kunye noloyiko, ukuba nochuku, ukonwaba okanye ukungalali okuya kusiba mandundu. Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwezi mpawu kwangoko.
• Umntwana wakho akayeki ukuthatha i-anti-depressant eyedwa. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wentsha kuqala. Ukuba umntwana wakho uthatha isigqibo sokuyeka ukuthatha uxinzelelo, umntwana wakho unokuyalelwa ukuba anciphise idosi kancinci ngaphambi kokuyeka ngokupheleleyo.
• Gcina umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo ethetha ngonyango.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uxinzelelo ekwindla okanye ebusika, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nonyango olukhanyayo. Isebenzisa isibane esikhethekileyo esisebenza njengelanga kwaye sinokunceda ngoxinzelelo.

Qhubeka uthetha nomntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo.

• Banike inkxaso yakho. Yazisa umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo ukuba ubalungele.
• Mamela. Zama ukunganiki iingcebiso ezininzi kwaye ungazami ukuthetha nomntwana wakho ngaphandle koxinzelelo. Zama ukungamxinzeleli umntwana wakho ngemibuzo okanye ngezifundo. Ulutsha luhlala lucima olo hlobo lwendlela.

Nceda okanye uxhase umntwana wakho ngeendlela zemihla ngemihla. Unga:

• Cwangcisa ubomi bentsapho yakho ukunceda umntwana wakho afumane ukulala ngokwaneleyo.
• Yenza ukutya okunempilo kusapho lwakho.
• Nika izikhumbuzo ezintle ukuba umntwana wakho athathe amayeza akhe.
• Jonga imiqondiso yokuba ukudakumba kuya kusiba mandundu. Yiba nesicwangciso ukuba kuyenzeka.
• Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba enze umthambo ngakumbi kwaye enze izinto abazithandayo.
• Thetha nomntwana wakho malunga notywala neziyobisi. Yazisa umntwana wakho ukuba utywala neziyobisi zenza uxinezeleko lube mandundu ngakumbi kwixesha elingaphezulu.

Gcina ikhaya lakho likhuselekile kulutsha.

• SUKUGCINA utywala ekhaya, okanye ubugcine butshatse kakuhle.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uxinezelekile, kungcono ukususa nayiphi na imipu ekhaya. Ukuba uziva unompu, yitshixe yonke imipu kwaye ugcine iimbumbulu zodwa.
• Vala onke amayeza kagqirha.
• Yenza isicwangciso sokhuselo lokuba umntwana wakho uziva ekhululekile ukuthetha naye ukuba ngaba ufuna ukuzibulala kwaye ufuna uncedo olukhawulezileyo.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho kwangoko xa ubona naziphi na iimpawu zokuzibulala. Ngoncedo olukhawulezileyo, yiya kwigumbi lezongxamiseko elikufutshane okanye utsalele inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911).

Ungatsalela umnxeba iNational Suicide Prevention Lifeline kwa-1-800-273-8255 (1-800-273-TALK), apho unokufumana inkxaso yasimahla neyimfihlo nanini na emini okanye ebusuku.

Iimpawu zokuzibulala zibandakanya:

• Ukunika izinto kude
• Utshintsho lomntu
• Ukuthatha umngcipheko wokuziphatha
• Isoyikiso sokuzibulala okanye uceba ukuzenzakalisa
• Ukurhoxa, ukufuna ukuba wedwa, ukuba yedwa

Ukudakumba kolutsha-ukunceda; Uxinzelelo kulutsha-unyango lokuthetha; Uxinzelelo kulutsha-amayeza

Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika. Uxinzelelo olukhulu lokudakumba. Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo: DSM-5. Umhla we-5. IArlington, VA: Ukupapashwa kwengqondo yaseMelika; Ngo-2013: 160-168.

I-Bostic JQ, iNkosana JB, iBuxton DC. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseMassachusetts Jikelele esiBanzi seNyango yoNyango. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 69.

IZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo iwebhusayithi. Impilo yengqondo yomntwana kunye nokufikisa. www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/child-and-adolescent-mental-health/index.shtml. Ifunyenwe ngoFebruwari 12, 2019.

Siu AL; Umsebenzi woKhuseleko kwi-US. Ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo: Isiteyitimenti sokuNyanzelwa kweeNkonzo zoThintelo. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2016; 164 (5): 360-366. IINKCUKACHA: 26858097 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26858097.

• Uxinzelelo kulutsha
• Impilo Yengqondo Yolutsha