Isinusitis

I-Sinusitis ikhona xa izicwili ezinamathele ezonweni zidumbile okanye zitshise. Kwenzeka njengesiphumo sokuphendula ngokudumba okanye usulelo kwintsholongwane, ibhaktiriya okanye ukungunda.

Izono ziindawo ezizaliswe ngumoya kukhakhayi. Zibekwe ngasemva kwebunzi, amathambo empumlo, izidlele namehlo. Izono ezinempilo azinabacteria okanye ezinye iintsholongwane. Uninzi lwexesha, i-mucus iyakwazi ukukhupha kwaye umoya uyakwazi ukuhamba ngesono.

Xa ukuvuleka kwesono kuvaliwe okanye kusanda kakhulu i-mucus, iibhaktheriya kunye nezinye iintsholongwane zingakhula ngokulula.

Sinusitis kunokwenzeka kwenye yezi meko:

• Iinwele ezincinci (cilia) kwizono aziphumeleli ngokufanelekileyo ukukhupha i-mucus ngaphandle. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zonyango.
• Ukubanda kunye ne-allergies kunokubangela ukuba kwenziwe i-mucus eninzi okanye kuthintele ukuvulwa kwesono.
• I-septum yempumlo ephambukileyo, i-nasal bone spur, okanye i-nasal polyps inokuthintela ukuvulwa kweesono.

Zintathu iintlobo zesinusitis:

• I-Acute sinusitis kuxa iimpawu zikhona kwiiveki ezi-4 okanye ngaphantsi. Kubangelwa yintsholongwane ekhula kwiisono.
• Isinusitis engapheliyo kuxa ukudumba kwezono kubakho ixesha elingaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-3. Ingabangelwa yintsholongwane okanye ukungunda.
• Subacute sinusitis kuxa ukudumba kukho phakathi kwenyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu.

Oku kulandelayo kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba umntu omdala okanye umntwana abe ne-sinusitis:

• I-allergen rhinitis okanye i-hay fever
• Icystic fibrosis
• Ukuya kukhathalelo lwemini
• Izifo ezithintela i-cilia ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo
• Utshintsho kubude (ukubhabha okanye ukuntywila)
• Iiadenoids ezinkulu
• Ukutshaya
• Amandla omzimba athathaka kwi-HIV okanye kwi-chemotherapy
• Izakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga zesono

Iimpawu zesinusitis ebukhali kubantu abadala zihlala zilandela ingqele engafumani ngcono okanye eya iba mandundu emva kweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukuphefumla kakubi okanye ukulahleka kwevumba
• Ukukhwehlela, kuhlala kubi ebusuku
• Ukudinwa kunye nemvakalelo yokugula
• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Uxinzelelo olufana noxinzelelo, iintlungu ngasemva kwamehlo, izinyo elibuhlungu, okanye ukuthamba kobuso
• Ukuxinwa kwempumlo kunye nokukhutshwa
• Umqala obuhlungu kunye ne-postnasal drip

Iimpawu zesinusitis engapheliyo ziyafana nezo ze-sinusitis ebukhali. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zihlala zithambile kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kuneeveki ezili-12.

Iimpawu zesinusitis ebantwaneni zibandakanya:

• Ingqele okanye isifo sokuphefumla ebesisiba ngcono kwaye emva koko siqala ukuba mandundu
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu, kunye nokukhutshwa kwempumlo emnyama, okuhlala ubuncinci iintsuku ezi-3
• Ukukhutshwa kwempumlo, kunye okanye ngaphandle kokukhohlela, ebekhona ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-10 kwaye ayiphucuki

Umboneleli wezempilo uyakukuvavanya wena okanye umntwana wakho ngesono ngoku:

• Ukujonga impumlo kwiimpawu zee-polyps
• Ukukhanyisa isibane ngokuchasene nesono (transillumination) seempawu zokudumba
• Ukuthinta indawo yesono ukufumana usulelo

Umboneleli unokujonga iisono ngokusebenzisa ubungakanani be-fiberoptic scope (ebizwa nge-nasal endoscopy okanye i-rhinoscopy) yokufumanisa isifo se-sinusitis. Oku kuhlala kusenziwa ngoogqirha abagxile kwiingxaki zeendlebe, iimpumlo kunye nomqala (ENTs).

Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukuthatha isigqibo kunyango zezi:

• Iskena se-CT sesono ukunceda ukufumanisa isifo se-sinusitis okanye ukujonga amathambo kunye nezicubu zezono
• I-MRI yezono ukuba kunokubakho ithumba okanye usulelo lokungunda

Uninzi lwexesha, ii-x-reyi eziqhelekileyo zezono azichongi kakuhle ukuba sinusitis.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-sinusitis engahambiyo okanye eqhubeka nokubuya, olunye uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lokutya komzimba
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-HIV okanye olunye uvavanyo lokungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba
• Umsebenzi wovavanyo lomsebenzi
• Inkcubeko yeempumlo
• I-cytology yempumlo
• Iimvavanyo ze-sweat chloride ze-cystic fibrosis

UKUZINAKEKELA

Zama la manyathelo alandelayo ukunciphisa ukungxama kwizono zakho:

• Faka isicelo sendwangu yokuhlamba efudumeleyo, emanzi ebusweni amaxesha amaninzi ngemini.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi ukuze unciphise i-mucus.
• Tsala umphunga kangangezihlandlo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ngosuku (umzekelo, ngelixa uhleli kwigumbi lokuhlambela kunye neshawa).
• Tshiza nge-nasal saline amatyeli aliqela ngemini.
• Sebenzisa isihlanganisi.
• Sebenzisa imbiza yeNeti okanye ityuwa yokucinezela isaline ukucoca ii-sinus.

Lumka usebenzise i-counter-the-counter yokutshiza amayeza okuphelisa impumlo njenge-oxymetazoline (Afrin) okanye neosynephrine. Banokukunceda ekuqaleni, kodwa ukuzisebenzisa ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 kunokwenza impumlo ibe nzima ngakumbi kwaye ikhokelele ekuxhomekekeni.

Ukunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu zesinus okanye uxinzelelo:

• Kuphephe ukubhabha xa uxinekile.
• Gwema ukugqithisa kweqondo lokushisa, ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa, kunye nokuguqa phambili kunye nentloko yakho phantsi.
• Zama i-acetaminophen okanye ibuprofen.

AMAYEZA KUNYE NEZINYE ZONYANGO

Uninzi lwexesha, ii-antibiotics azifuneki kwi-sinusitis ebukhali. Uninzi lwezi zifo luhamba lodwa. Nokuba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ayanceda, anokunciphisa nje kancinci ixesha elithathwayo ukuze isifo siphele. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunokwenzeka ukuba amiselwe kwakamsinya:

• Abantwana abaphuma impumlo, ngokukhohlela, okungangcono emva kweeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3
• Umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-102.2 ° F (39 ° C)
• Intloko okanye iintlungu ebusweni
• Ukudumba okumandla okujikeleze amehlo

Sinusitis Acute kufuneka baphathwe iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14. Isinusitis engapheliyo kufuneka inyangwe iiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4.

Ngexesha elithile, umboneleli wakho uya kuqaphela:

• Amanye amayeza amiselweyo
• Uvavanyo oluninzi
• Ukuthunyelwa kwindlebe, impumlo, nomqala okanye ingcali yokungezwani komzimba

Olunye unyango lwe-sinusitis lubandakanya:

• I-Allergy shots (immunotherapy) ukunceda ukuthintela isifo ukuba singabuyi
• Ukuphepha ukungabikho komzimba
• I-Nasal corticosteroid sprays kunye ne-antihistamines yokunciphisa ukudumba, ngakumbi ukuba kukho i-nasal polyps okanye i-allergies
• I-corticosteroids yomlomo

Utyando lokwandisa ukuvulwa kwesusu kunye nokukhupha iisono kunokufuneka. Ungayithatha le nkqubo ukuba:

• Iimpawu zakho azihambi emva kweenyanga ezintathu zonyango.
• Uneziqendu ezingaphezu kwe-2 okanye ezi-3 zesinusitis ebukhali minyaka le.

Uninzi losulelo lwefungus yesinus ludinga utyando. Ugqirha ukulungisa i-septum ephambukayo okanye iipolyps zempumlo kunokuthintela imeko ukuba ingabuyi.

Uninzi losulelo lwesono lunokunyangeka ngamanyathelo okuzikhathalela kunye nonyango. Ukuba ufumana ukuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiweyo, kuya kufuneka ujongwe kwizizathu ezinje ngee-polyps zempumlo okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinje ngee-aleji.

Nangona kunqabile kakhulu, iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ithumba
• Usulelo lwe-Bone (osteomyelitis)
• Ukudumba kwenwebu yengqondo
• Usulelo lolusu olujikeleze iliso (i-orbital cellulitis)

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Iimpawu zakho zihlala ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14 okanye unokubanda okuya kusiba mandundu emva kweentsuku ezisi-7.
• Unentloko ebuhlungu engakhululwanga ngamayeza eentlungu angaphaya kwekhawuntari.
• Unomkhuhlane.
• Usenempawu emva kokuthatha onke amayeza akho ngokufanelekileyo.
• Unalo naluphi na utshintsho kumbono wakho ngexesha losulelo lwesono.

Ukukhutshelwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye okutyheli akuthethi ukuba unesifo se-sinus okanye ufuna i-antibiotics.

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela i-sinusitis kukuphepha ukubandayo kunye nomkhuhlane okanye ukunyanga iingxaki ngokukhawuleza.

• Yitya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, etyebileyo kwii-antioxidants kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezinokuqinisa amajoni akho omzimba kwaye zincede umzimba wakho uxhathise usulelo.
• Lawula i-allergies ukuba unayo.
• Fumana isitofu sokugonya unyaka nonyaka.
• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, ngakumbi emva kokubambana ngezandla nabanye.

Ezinye iingcebiso zokuthintela i-sinusitis:

• Gwema umsi kunye nokungcola.
• Sela iziselo ezininzi ukuze unyuse ukufuma emzimbeni wakho.
• Thatha i-decongestants ngexesha losulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla.
• Unyango lwe-allergies ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukwandisa ukufuma kwempumlo nakwizono zakho.

Sinusitis ebukhali; Usulelo lwesono; Sinusitis - etsolo; Sinusitis - engapheliyo; Umkhombe

• Sinuses
• Isinusitis
• Isinusitis engapheliyo

UDeMuri GP, uWald ER. Isinusitis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 62.

Umrha AH. Sondela kwisigulana ngeempumlo, isinus, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwendlebe. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 398.

IPappas DE, uHendley JO. Isinusitis. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 408.

URosenfeld RM, uPiccirillo JF, uChandrasekhar SS, et al. Isikhokelo sokusebenza kwezonyango (uhlaziyo): sinusitis yabantu abadala. Intloko ye-Otolaryngol Surg. 2015; 152 (2 Suppl): S1-S39. IINKCUKACHA: 25832968 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25832968/.