Ukutshisa: Iindidi, unyango kunye nokunye

Umxholo

• Imifanekiso yokutsha
• Amanqanaba okutshisa
• Ukutsha kweqondo lokuqala
• Ukutsha kwinqanaba lesibini
• Ukutshisa kwinqanaba lesithathu
• Iingxaki
• Ukuthintela onke amanqanaba okutsha
• Imbonakalo yokutsha
• Q:
• A:

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Yintoni ukutsha?

Ukutsha yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kumakhaya, ngakumbi phakathi kwabantwana. Igama elithi "ukutshisa" lithetha okungaphezulu kunovakalelo oluvuthayo oluhambelana noku kwenzakala. Ukutshiswa kubonakaliswa ngumonakalo omkhulu wolusu obangela ukuba iiseli zolusu ezichaphazelekayo zife.

Uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukubuyela kukutsha ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi zempilo, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nenqanaba lokonzakala. Ukutsha okukhulu kufuna ukhathalelo lonyango olukhawulezileyo ukuthintela iingxaki kunye nokufa.

Imifanekiso yokutsha

Amanqanaba okutshisa

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zokuqala zokutsha: eyokuqala-, yesibini-, neyesithathu isidanga. Isidanga ngasinye sisekwe kubukrakra bomonakalo kulusu, inqanaba lokuqala libe lelona lincinci kunye nenqanaba lesithathu ukuba lelona libukhali. Umonakalo uquka:

• Ukutsha kweqondo lokuqala: bomvu, ulusu olungabhaliswanga
• ukutshisa kwesibini-degree: i-blisters kunye nokuqina kwesikhumba
• Ukutsha kweqondo lesithathu: ubukhulu obugcweleyo ngenkangeleko emhlophe, enesikhumba

Kukho ukutshiswa kwesidanga sesine. Olu hlobo lokutsha luquka zonke iimpawu zokutsha kwesidanga sesithathu kwaye luye luye ngaphaya kolusu lube ziithoni kunye namathambo.

Ukutsha kunezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Ukutshiswa kwiziselo ezishushu, ezibilayo
• ukutsha kweekhemikhali
• Ukutsha kombane
• imililo, kubandakanya amadangatye kwimatshisi, amakhandlela kunye nezibane
• ukugqatswa lilanga ngokugqithisileyo

Uhlobo lokutsha alusekelwanga kwisizathu salo. Isikali, umzekelo, sinokubangela ukutsha kokutsha, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ushushu kangakanani ulwelo kwaye lihlala ixesha elingakanani kunxibelelana nolusu.

Ukutsha kwemichiza kunye nombane kugunyazisa ukhathalelo lonyango kwangoko kuba lunokuchaphazela ngaphakathi emzimbeni, nokuba umonakalo wolusu mncinci.

Ukutsha kweqondo lokuqala

Ukutsha kweqondo lokuqala kubangela umonakalo wesikhumba omncinci. Kukwabizwa ngokuba “kukutshisa okungaphezulu” kuba kuchaphazela ulusu olungaphandle. Iimpawu zokutsha kwinqanaba lokuqala zibandakanya:

• bomvu
• ukudumba okuncinci, okanye ukudumba
• intlungu
• owomileyo, isikhumba esixobukayo senzeka njengoko ukutsha kuphola

Kuba oku kutsha kuchaphazela ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba, iimpawu kunye neempawu ziyanyamalala zakuba iiseli zolusu ziphalaze. Ukutsha kwesidanga sokuqala kuhlala kunyanga ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10 ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.

Kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ukuba ukutshiswa kuchaphazela indawo enkulu yesikhumba, ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezintathu, kwaye ukuba busebusweni bakho okanye idibeneyo enkulu, ebandakanya:

• idolo
• iqatha
• unyawo
• umqolo
• igxalaba
• ingqiniba
• ingalo

Ukutsha kwesidanga sokuqala kuhlala kunyangwa ngononophelo lwasekhaya. Ixesha lokuphilisa linokukhawuleza ukunyanga ukutsha. Unyango lokutsha kwesidanga sokuqala lubandakanya:

• ukufunxa inxeba emanzini apholileyo kangangemizuzu emihlanu okanye nangaphezulu
• ukuthatha i-acetaminophen okanye ibuprofen yokuphelisa iintlungu
• ukufaka i-lidocaine (i-anesthetic) nge-aloe vera gel okanye ukhilimu ukuthambisa ulusu
• usebenzisa ioyile yokuthintela intsholongwane kunye ne gauze evulekileyo ukukhusela indawo echaphazelekayo

Qiniseka ukuba awusebenzisi umkhenkce, kuba oku kunokwenza umonakalo ube mandundu. Ungaze usebenzise iibhola zomqhaphu kutshiso kuba iintsinga ezincinci zinokunamathela ekonzakaleni kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko wosulelo. Kwakhona, thintela amayeza asekhaya afana nebhotolo kunye namaqanda njengoko oku kungangqiniswanga ukuba kuyasebenza.

Ukutsha kwinqanaba lesibini

Ukutsha kweedigri zesibini kubi kakhulu kuba umonakalo udlulela ngaphaya komaleko ophezulu wolusu. Olu hlobo lokutsha lubangela ulusu ukuba lube blister kwaye lube bomvu kakhulu kwaye lubuhlungu.

Ezinye i-blisters zivulekile, zinika ukutshisa okumanzi okanye ukukhala. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, izicwili ezomeleleyo, ezithambileyo, ezinjengekhwekhwe ezibizwa ngokuba yi-fibrinous exudate zinokuphuhla phezu kwenxeba.

Ngenxa yokubuthathaka kwala manxeba, ukugcina indawo icocekile kunye nokubopha ibhendi ngokufanelekileyo kuyafuneka ukukhusela usulelo. Oku kunceda ukutshisa kuphulukise ngokukhawuleza.

Ukutsha kwenqanaba lesibini kuthatha ixesha elingaphezulu kweeveki ezintathu ukuphilisa, kodwa uninzi luphulukisa ngaphakathi kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, kodwa kuhlala kukho utshintsho lombala kulusu.

Okubi ngakumbi ukuba i-blister, kokukhona ukutsha kuya kuthatha ukuphilisa. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ukufakelwa kwesikhumba kuyafuneka ukulungisa umonakalo. Ukudibanisa ulusu kuthatha ulusu olusempilweni ukusuka kwenye indawo yomzimba kwaye luyisusa kwindawo yolusu olutshisiweyo.

Njengokuba kutshiswa iidigri zokuqala, thintela iibhola zekotoni kunye namayeza asolwayo. Unyango lokutsha kwinqanaba lesibini lokutsha ngokubanzi lubandakanya:

• ukuqhuba ulusu phantsi kwamanzi apholileyo kangangemizuzu eli-15 okanye nangaphezulu
• ukuthatha amayeza eentlungu (-acetaminophen okanye ibuprofen)
• ukufaka i-antibiotic cream kwi-blisters

Nangona kunjalo, funa unyango olungxamisekileyo ukuba ukutshiswa kuchaphazela indawo ebanzi, njengale ilandelayo:

• ubuso
• izandla
• iimpundu
• umqala
• iinyawo

Ukutshisa kwinqanaba lesithathu

Ngaphandle kokutshiswa kwesidanga sesine, ukutshisa isidanga sesithathu kokona kubi kakhulu. Zibangela owona monakalo mkhulu, uqhubeka kuwo wonke umaleko wolusu.

Kukho imbono ephosakeleyo yokuba ukutsha kwinqanaba lesithathu yeyona nto ibuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ngolu hlobo lokutshisa umonakalo mkhulu kangangokuba akunakubakho zintlungu ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu, iimpawu zokutshisa i-degree-degree zingabonakalisa zibandakanya:

• umbala omhlophe kunye nomhlophe
• itshathi
• umbala omdaka mnyama
• ukuphakama kunye nokuthungwa kwesikhumba
• Amadyungudyungu angakhuli

Ngaphandle kotyando, la manxeba ayaphola ngokonakala okukhulu kunye nesivumelwano. Akukho xesha libekiweyo lokuphulukiswa okuzenzekelayo kokutsha kwinqanaba lesithathu.

Ungaze uzame ukuzinyanga ngokwakho ukutshisa kwinqanaba lesithathu. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 kwangoko. Ngelixa ulinde unyango, phakamisa ukwenzakala ngaphezulu kwentliziyo yakho. Musa ukukhululeka, kodwa qiniseka ukuba akukho mpahla inamathele ekutshiseni.

Iingxaki

Xa kuthelekiswa nokutsha kweedigri zokuqala kunye nezesibini, ukutshisa isidanga sesithathu kuthwala umngcipheko weengxaki, ezinje ngezifo, ukopha, kunye nokothuka, okuhlala kukhokelela ekufeni. Kwangelo xesha, konke ukutsha kuthwala umngcipheko wosulelo kuba iibacteria zinokungena kulusu olaphukileyo.

Isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi yenye ingxaki enokubangelwa kukutsha kwamanqanaba onke. Njenge-sepsis, i-tetanus yintsholongwane. Iyayichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele kwiingxaki zokuphazamiseka kwemisipha. Njengomthetho wesithupha, onke amalungu endlu yakho kufuneka afumane uhlaziyo lwe-tetanus oluhlaziyiweyo rhoqo kwiminyaka eli-10 ukunqanda olu hlobo losulelo.

Ukutsha kakhulu kukwanomngcipheko we-hypothermia kunye ne-hypovolemia. Amaqondo obushushu omzimba asezantsi ayingozi abonakalisa i-hypothermia. Ngelixa oku kunokubonakala ngathi yinto engalindelekanga yokutsha, imeko inyanzeliswa kukuphulukana nobushushu bomzimba ekonzakaleni. IHypvovolemia, okanye umthamo wegazi osezantsi, wenzeka xa umzimba wakho uphulukana negazi elininzi xa usitsha.

Ukuthintela onke amanqanaba okutsha

Eyona ndlela icacileyo yokulwa ukutsha kukuthintela ukuba kungenzeki. Imisebenzi ethile ikubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokutsha, kodwa inyani kukuba uninzi lokutsha lwenzeka ekhaya. Iintsana nabantwana abancinci ngabona basemngciphekweni wokutsha. Amanyathelo othintelo onokuwathatha ekhaya aquka:

• Gcina abantwana ngaphandle ekhitshini ngelixa uphekayo.
• Guqula izibambo zembiza ngasemva kwesitovu.
• Beka isicima-mlilo ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nekhitshi.
• Vavanya izixhobo zokujonga umsi kanye ngenyanga.
• Guqula izixhobo zokujonga umsi rhoqo kwiminyaka elishumi.
• Gcina ubushushu besifudumezi samanzi phantsi kweedigri ezili-120 zeFahrenheit.
• Linganisa ubushushu bamanzi okuhlamba ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
• Tshixa imatshisi kunye nezinto zokulayita.
• Fakela izembozo zombane.
• Jonga kwaye ulahle iintambo zombane ngeengcingo eziveziweyo.
• Gcina imichiza ingafikeleleki, kwaye unxibe iigloves ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali.
• Nxiba i-sunscreen yonke imihla, kwaye uphephe ukukhanya kwelanga.
• Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iimveliso zokutshaya zikhutshiwe ngokupheleleyo.
• Coca izicupho zokomisa iimpahla rhoqo.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba nesicwangciso sokubaleka emlilweni kwaye uziqhelanise nosapho lwakho kube kanye ngenyanga. Kwimeko yomlilo, qiniseka ukuba ukhasa phantsi komsi. Oku kuya kunciphisa umngcipheko wokudlula kwaye ubanjiswe ngumlilo.

Imbonakalo yokutsha

Xa uphathwa ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhawuleza, imbonakalo yokutsha kwinqanaba lokuqala kunye neyesibini ilungile. Oku kutsha kunqabile kunesiva kodwa kunokubangela utshintsho kumbala wolusu olutshisiweyo. Isitshixo kukunciphisa umonakalo ongaphezulu kunye nosulelo. Umonakalo omkhulu ukusuka kwinqanaba lesibini kunye nokutsha kweqondo lesithathu kunokubangela iingxaki kwizicubu zolusu ezinzulu, amathambo kunye namalungu. Izigulana zinokufuna:

• utyando
• ulungiso lwenyama
• kwimo yesiqhelo
• ukhathalelo lobomi bonke

Kubalulekile ukufumana unyango olwaneleyo lomzimba ngokutshisa, kodwa ungalibali ukufumana uncedo kwiimfuno zakho zeemvakalelo. Kukho amaqela enkxaso afumanekayo kubantu abaye bahlangabezana nokutsha okukhulu, kunye nabacebisi abaqinisekisiweyo. Yiya kwi-Intanethi okanye uthethe nogqirha wakho ukufumana amaqela enkxaso kwindawo yakho. Unokusebenzisa ezinye izibonelelo ezinje ngeBurn Assvivor Assistance kunye neBantwana's Burn Foundation.

Q:

Kutheni kuyingozi ukhenketho lomlilo?

Isigulana esingaziwayo

A:

Ukucofa isilonda sokutsha kunokunciphisa iintlungu zokuqala ezinxulunyaniswa nokwenzakala. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, ukukhenkceza inxeba lokutsha kuya kuyicotha inkqubo yokuphilisa. Ngapha koko, kwezinye iimeko, ukukhenkceza inxeba elitshayo kunokubangela iqabaka kwindawo esele yonakele kwaye ibuthathaka kulusu. Kungcono ukuqhuba inxeba lokutsha phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo apholileyo kwaye ugqume loo ndawo nge-gauze ecocekileyo ngaphandle kweoyile.

I-Weng yanamhlanje, Iimpendulo ze-DO zimele izimvo zeengcali zethu zonyango. Yonke imixholo inolwazi ngokungqongqo kwaye akufuneki ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengengcebiso yezonyango.