Ukuthatha isigqibo malunga nonyango lwehomoni

Unyango lwehormone (HT) lusebenzisa enye okanye nangakumbi iihomoni ukunyanga iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni.

Ngexesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni:

• Amaqanda esetyhini ayeke ukwenza amaqanda. Bavelisa i-estrogen encinci kunye neprogesterone.
• Ukuya exesheni kuyekisa kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Amaxesha anokuthi asondele ngakumbi okanye abanzi kakhulu. Le patheni inokuhlala iminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwemi-3 emva kokuba uqale ixesha lokutsiba.

Ukuhamba kwexesha kunokuya ngokukhawuleza emva kotyando ukususa ii-ovari, ichemotherapy, okanye unyango oluthile lwehomoni kumhlaza wamabele.

Iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni zinokuhlala iminyaka emi-5 okanye nangaphezulu, kubandakanya:

• Ukutshisa okushushu kunye nokubila, kuhlala kubi kakhulu kunyaka wokuqala ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2 emva kwexesha lakho lokugqibela
• Ukoma kwelungu lobufazi
• Ukuhamba kweemvakalelo
• Iingxaki zokulala
• Umdla omncinci kwisini

I-HT inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni. I-HT isebenzisa iihormone estrogen kunye neprogestin, uhlobo lweprogesterone. Ngamanye amaxesha i-testosterone iyongezwa.

Ezinye iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni zinokulawulwa ngaphandle kwe-HT. Idosi esezantsi yelungu lobufazi i-estrogen kunye nezinto zokuthambisa zangasese zinokunceda ukoma kwelungu lobufazi.

I-HT iza ngohlobo lwepilisi, isiziba, inaliti, ukhilimu wabasetyhini okanye ithebhulethi, okanye iringi.

Ukuthatha iihormoni kunokuba nemingcipheko ethile. Xa ujonga i-HT, funda ngendlela enokukunceda ngayo.

Xa uthatha iihormoni, ukukhanya okushushu kunye nokubila ebusuku kuqhele ukwenzeka rhoqo kwaye kunokuhamba ixesha. Ukuncipha kancinci kwe-HT kunokwenza ukuba ezi mpawu zingakhathazi kangako.

Unyango lwehormone lunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekukhululeni:

• Iingxaki zokulala
• Ukoma kwelungu lobufazi
• Ixhala
• Ukutya kunye nokucaphuka

Ngexesha elinye, i-HT yayisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuthintela amathambo anciphisayo (i-osteoporosis). Ayisekho imeko leyo. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amanye amayeza ukunyanga i-osteoporosis.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba i-HT ayincedi ukunyanga:

• Isifo sentliziyo
• Ukungahambi kakuhle komchamo
• Isifo se-Alzheimer
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi

Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi ze-HT. Obu bungozi bunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bakho, kwimbali yezonyango nakwezinye izinto.

IINDAWO ZEGAZI

Ukuthatha i-HT kunokunyusa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi. Umngcipheko wamachaphaza egazi nawo aphezulu ukuba utyebe kakhulu okanye uyatshaya.

Umngcipheko wamachaphaza egazi unokuba sezantsi ukuba usebenzisa ii-estrogen patches endaweni yeepilisi.

Umngcipheko wakho usezantsi xa usebenzisa iikhrimu zelungu lobufazi kunye neepilisi kunye nering ye-estrogen yedosi ephantsi.

UMHLAZA WEBELE

• Uninzi lweengcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuthatha i-HT ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emihlanu ayonyusi umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele.
• Ukuthatha i-estrogen kunye neprogestin kunye ixesha elide kuneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5 kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza webele, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweprogestin omiselweyo.
• Ukuthatha i-HT kunokwenza umfanekiso we-mammogram wamabele akho abonakale enamafu. Oku kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukufumana umhlaza webele kwangoko.
• Ukuthatha i-estrogen kuphela kunxulunyaniswa nokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uthatha i-estrogen kunye neprogestin kunye, umngcipheko womhlaza webele ungaphakama, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweprogesterone oyithathayo.

UMHLAZA WOKUGQIBELA (WANGAPHANDLE)

• Ukuthatha i-estrogen kuphela kukonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium.
• Ukuthatha iprogestin nge-estrogen kukhusela kulo mhlaza. Ukuba unesibeleko, kuya kufuneka uthathe i-HT kunye ne-estrogen kunye neprogestin.
• Awunakho ukufumana umhlaza we-endometrial ukuba awunaso isibeleko. Kukhuselekile kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-estrogen kuphela kule meko.

ISIFO SENTLIZIYO

I-HT ikhuselekile xa ithathwa ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-60 okanye kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kokuqala ukuya exesheni. Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuthatha i-estrogen, uphononongo lubonisa ukuba kukhuselekile ukuqala i-estrogen kungekudala emva kokuba kufunyaniswe ukuba unqamkile ukuya exesheni. Ukuqala kwe-estrogen ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 emva kokuqala kokuyeka ukuya exesheni kwonyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

• I-HT inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo kubafazi abadala.
• I-HT inokunyusa umngcipheko kubafazi abaqale ukusebenzisa i-estrogen ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 emva kwexesha labo lokugqibela.

ISIBHEKO

Abasetyhini abathatha kuphela i-estrogen kwaye bathatha i-estrogen nge-progestin banomngcipheko okhulayo wokubethwa. Sebenzisa isicatshulwa se-estrogen endaweni yepilisi yomlomo kunciphisa lo mngcipheko. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko usenokwandiswa ngokuthelekiswa nokungathathi iihomoni konke konke.Umthamo osezantsi we-HT unciphisa umngcipheko wokubetha.

IIGALSTONI

Ukuthatha i-HT kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-gallstones.

UMNGCIPHEKO WOKUFA (UKUFA)

Ukufa jikelele kuncitshisiwe kubafazi abaqala i-HT kwi-50 yabo. Ukhuseleko luhlala malunga neminyaka eli-10.

Wonke umfazi uhlukile. Abanye abantu basetyhini abakhathazwa ziimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Kwabanye, iimpawu zinzima kwaye zichaphazela ubomi babo kakhulu.

Ukuba iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni ziyakukhathaza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nezibonelelo kunye nomngcipheko we-HT. Wena kunye nogqirha wakho unokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba i-HT ikulungele. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka ayazi imbali yakho yonyango ngaphambi kokumisela i-HT.

Akufanele uthathe i-HT ukuba:

• Ukhe wabethwa sistroke okanye isifo sentliziyo
• Unembali yamahlwili egazi kwimithambo yakho okanye kwimiphunga
• Ngaba unomdlavuza webele okanye we-endometrial
• Unesifo sesibindi

Iinguqulelo ezithile kwindlela yokuphila zinokukunceda uhlengahlengiso kutshintsho lokuyeka ukuya exesheni ngaphandle kokuthatha iihormoni. Banokunceda ukukhusela amathambo akho, ukuphucula impilo yentliziyo yakho, kunye nokukunceda uhlale ulungile.

Nangona kunjalo, kubafazi abaninzi, ukuthatha i-HT yindlela ekhuselekileyo yokunyanga iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni.

Okwangoku, iingcali azicacanga ukuba ungayithatha ixesha elingakanani i-HT. Amanye amaqela eengcali acebisa ukuba ungathatha i-HT kwiimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni ixesha elide ukuba akukho sizathu sonyango sokuyeka iyeza. Kubafazi abaninzi, iidosi ezisezantsi ze-HT zinokwanela ukulawula iimpawu ezinobunzima. Iidosi ezisezantsi ze-HT zihlala zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa.

Yonke le micimbi iya kuxoxwa nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Ukuba wopha kwilungu lobufazi okanye ezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha le-HT, tsalela ugqirha wakho.

Qiniseka ukuba uqhubeka nokubonana nogqirha wakho ukuze akukhangele rhoqo.

HRT - isigqibo; Unyango lwe-estrogen yokuthatha indawo - ukuthatha isigqibo; ERT- isigqibo; Unyango olubuyisela iHormone - ukuthatha isigqibo; Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni - isigqibo; Isigqibo se-HT; Unyango lwe-Menopausal hormone - ukuthatha isigqibo; MHT - ukuthatha isigqibo

Uluvo lweKomiti ye-ACOG No. 565: Unyango lweHormone kunye nesifo sentliziyo. IGynecol ebambekayo. Ngo-2013; 121 (6): 1407-1410. IINKCUKACHA: 23812486 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23812486/.

UCosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Isikhokelo sikagqirha kuthintelo kunye nonyango lwe-osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int. Ngo-2014; 25 (10): 2359-2381. IINKCUKACHA: 25182228 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25182228/.

I-Villiers TJ, iHolo JE, iPinkerton JV, et al. INkcazo eHlaziyiweyo yeSivumelwano seHlabathi kunyango lwe-menopausal yonyango. Ubume bemozulu. Ngo-2016; 19 (4): 313-315. IINKCUKACHA: I-27322027 ipapashwe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27322027/.

Lobo RA. Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kunye nokhathalelo lomfazi okhulileyo: i-endocrinology, iziphumo zokunqongophala kwe-estrogen, iziphumo zonyango lwehomoni, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango. Ku: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, ii-eds. Gynecology egqibeleleyo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 14.

UMagowan BA, uOwen P, uThomson A. Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kunye nonyango lokutshintsha i-hormone. Ku: Magowan BA, Owen P, Thomson A, ii-eds. I-Clinical Obstetrics kunye neGynecology. Ngomhla we-4. Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 9.

IStuenkel CA, uDavis SR, uGompel A, et al. Unyango lweempawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni: Isikhokelo se-Endocrine Society soKhokelo sokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. J Ikliniki ye-Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 100 (11): 3975-4011. IINKCUKACHA: 26444994 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26444994/.

• Unyango olubuyisela iHormone
• Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni