Migraine

I-migraine luhlobo lwentloko. Inokuthi yenzeke ngeempawu ezinjenge-nausea, ukugabha, okanye ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni nakwisandi. Kubantu abaninzi, iintlungu zokuqaqamba zivakala kuphela kwicala elinye lentloko.

Intloko ebuhlungu ibangelwa yimisebenzi yobuchopho engaqhelekanga. Lo msebenzi unokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi. Kodwa ulandelelwano ngqo lweziganeko luhlala lungacacanga. Uninzi lweengcali zonyango zikholelwa ukuba uhlaselo luqala kwingqondo kwaye lubandakanya iindlela zemithambo-luvo kunye neekhemikhali. Utshintsho luchaphazela ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo nakwizicubu ezijikelezileyo.

Intloko ye-Migraine ihlala iqala ukubonakala phakathi kweminyaka ye-10 kunye ne-45. Ngamanye amaxesha, ziqala kwangoko okanye kamva. Imigraines inokuhamba kwiintsapho. Imigraines yenzeka rhoqo kwabasetyhini kunamadoda. Abanye abantu basetyhini, kodwa hayi bonke, banemigraines embalwa xa bekhulelwe.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Migraine kunokubangelwa yiyo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukurhoxiswa kweCaffeine
• Utshintsho kumanqanaba ehomoni ngexesha lomjikelo wesini sowasetyhini okanye ngokusetyenziswa kweepilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa
• Utshintsho kwiipateni zokulala, njengokungalali ngokwaneleyo
• Ukusela utywala
• Ukuzivocavoca okanye olunye uxinzelelo lomzimba
• Ingxolo enkulu okanye izibane eziqaqambileyo
• Ukutya okuphosiweyo
• Ivumba okanye iziqholo
• Ukutshaya okanye ukubhencwa kukutshaya
• Uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo

Imigraines inokubangelwa kukutya okuthile. Ezona ziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Itshokholethi
• Ukutya kobisi, ngakumbi iitshizi ezithile
• Ukutya okune-monosodium glutamate (MSG)
• Ukutya okune-tyramine, kubandakanya iwayini ebomvu, itshizi endala, intlanzi yokutshaya, isibindi senkukhu, amakhiwane kunye neembotyi ezithile
• Iziqhamo (iavokhado, ibhanana, iziqhamo zesitrasi)
• Iinyama eziqukethe iitrate (ibhekoni, izinja ezishushu, isalami, inyama)
• Itswele
• Amandongomane namanye amandongomane nembewu
• Ukutya okucutshulweyo, okubilisiweyo, okucoliweyo, okanye okucwengileyo

Intloko yenyani yemigraine ayibangelwa sisisu sobuchopho okanye enye ingxaki yezonyango. Ngumboneleli wezempilo kuphela ojolise kwintloko anokuthi anqume ukuba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa yimigraine okanye enye imeko.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili ze-migraines:

• Migraine kunye ne-aura (classic migraine)
• Migraine ngaphandle kwe-aura (migraine eqhelekileyo)

I-aura liqela leenkqubo zoluvo (i-neurologic) iimpawu. Ezi mpawu zithathwa njengomqondiso osisilumkiso wokuba i-migraine iyeza. Rhoqo, umbono uyachaphazeleka kwaye unokubandakanya nayiphi na okanye zonke ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Amabala angaboniyo okwethutyana okanye amabala anemibala
• Umbono omfiliba
• Intlungu yamehlo
• Ukubona iinkwenkwezi, imigca egosogoso, okanye izibane ezidanyazayo
• Umbono wetonela (kuphela onokubona izinto kufutshane neziko lendawo yokujonga)

Ezinye iimpawu zenkqubo ye-nervous zibandakanya ukuzamla, ubunzima bokugxila, isicaphucaphu, ingxaki yokufumana amagama alungileyo, isiyezi, ubuthathaka, ukuba ndindisholo, kunye nokugungqa. Ezinye zeempawu zixhaphake kakhulu ngeentloko zentloko. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mpawu, umboneleli wakho uya kuthi aodole iimvavanyo ukuze afumane unobangela.

I-aura ihlala ivela kwimizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 ngaphambi kwentloko, kodwa inokwenzeka nje kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambili. Intloko ayisoloko ilandela i-aura.

Iintloko zihlala zi:

• Qala njengendawo ebuhlungu kwaye ube mandundu kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure
• Ukubetha, ukubetha, okanye ukubetha
• Zibi kakhulu kwelinye icala lentloko ngeentlungu ezisemva kwamehlo okanye ngasemva kwentloko nentamo
• Iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-72 zokugqibela

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngentloko zibandakanya:

• Ukugodola
• Ukwanda komchamo
• Ukudinwa
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni okanye kwisandi
• Ukubila

Iimpawu zinokuhlala ixesha elide, kwanasemva kokuba i-migraine ihambile. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-migraine hangover. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukuziva udidekile engqondweni, njengokucinga kwakho akucaci okanye kubukhali
• Ufuna ukulala ngakumbi
• Intlungu yomqala

Umboneleli wakho unokufumanisa isifo se-migraine ngokubuza malunga neempawu zakho kunye nembali yosapho ye-migraine. Uvavanyo lomzimba olupheleleyo luya kwenziwa ukumisela ukuba iintloko zakho zibangelwa luxinzelelo lwemisipha, iingxaki zesono, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Akukho vavanyo oluthile lokubonisa ukuba intloko yakho yinyani i-migraine. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho mvavanyo zikhethekileyo ziyafuneka. Umboneleli wakho unoku-odola i-CT okanye iMRI ukuskena ukuba awuzange ubenayo ngaphambili. Uvavanyo lunokuyalelwa ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga ngemigraine yakho, kubandakanya ubuthathaka, iingxaki zememori, okanye ukulahleka kokuphaphama.

Kungafuneka i-EEG ukulawula ukuthinjwa. Ukugqobhoza i-lumbar (itephu yomqolo) kunokwenziwa.

Akukho lunyango oluthile lwentloko ye-migraine. Injongo kukunyanga iimpawu zakho ze-migraine kwangoko, kunye nokuthintela iimpawu ngokunqanda okanye ukutshintsha izinto ezibangela ukuba ubange.

Inyathelo eliphambili kukufunda indlela yokulawula imigraines yakho ekhaya. Idayari yentloko inokukunceda uchonge iintloko zakho. Emva koko wena kunye nomboneleli wakho unokucwangcisa indlela yokuphepha ezi zinto zibangela.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lubandakanya:

• Imikhwa elungileyo yokulala, njengokulala ngokwaneleyo nokulala ngexesha elifanayo busuku ngabunye
• Imikhwa yokutya ebhetele, kubandakanya ukungakutyi ukutya kunye nokuphepha ukutya
• Ukulawula uxinzelelo
• Ukunciphisa umzimba, ukuba utyebe kakhulu

Ukuba uhlala uqaqanjelwa yimigraines, umboneleli wakho unokumisela amayeza ukunciphisa inani lokuhlaselwa. Kufuneka uthathe amayeza yonke imihla ukuze asebenze. Amayeza anokubandakanya:

• Ukudakumba
• Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi, anjengebeta blockers
• Amayeza okuthintela ukuhlutha
• I-Calcitonin ii-peptide ezinxulumene nofuzo

Inaliti ye-Botulinum toxin A (Botox) inokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuhlaselwa yimigraine ukuba kwenzeka ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-15 ngenyanga.

Abanye abantu bafumana isiqabu ngezimbiwa neevithamini. Hlola nomboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba i-riboflavin okanye i-magnesium ikulungele.

UKUNYANGELA Uhlaselo

Amanye amayeza athathwa kumqondiso wokuqala wokuhlaselwa migraine. Amayeza eentlungu e-over-the-counter (OTC), anje nge-acetaminophen, ibuprofen, okanye i-aspirin zihlala ziluncedo xa i-migraine ithambile. Yazi ukuba:

• Ukuthatha amayeza ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu ngeveki kungakhokelela ekuqaqanjelweni yintloko. Ezi ziintloko ezihlala zibuya ngenxa yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweyeza leentlungu.
• Ukuthatha i-acetaminophen eninzi kunokonakalisa isibindi sakho.
• I-ibuprofen okanye i-aspirin eninzi inokucaphukisa isisu sakho okanye izintso.

Ukuba ezi zonyango azincedi, buza umboneleli wakho malunga namayeza amiselweyo. Oku kubandakanya ukutshiza ngeempumlo, ii-suppositories, okanye iinaliti. Iqela lamayeza elisetyenziswa rhoqo libizwa ngokuba ziitriptan.

Amanye amayeza e-migraine anciphisa imithambo yegazi. Ukuba usengozini yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sentliziyo, thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa la mayeza. Amanye amayeza e-migraine akufuneki asetyenziswe ngabafazi abakhulelweyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nokuba leliphi iyeza elifanelekileyo kuwe ukuba ukhulelwe okanye ucwangcisa ukukhulelwa.

Amanye amayeza anyanga iimpawu ze-migraine, ezinjengokugabha kunye nokugabha. Zingasetyenziselwa zodwa okanye kunye nezinye iziyobisi eziphatha i-migraine uqobo.

UFeverfew ngumfuno wemigraines. Inokusebenza kwabanye abantu. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-feverfew, qiniseka ukuba umboneleli wakho uyavuma. Unyango ngamayeza athengiswa kwiivenkile ezithengisa iziyobisi nakwiivenkile zokutya ezempilo alilawulwa. Sebenza negcisa elenza amakhambi xa ukhetha amayeza esintu.

UKUTHINTELA IINTLOKO ZENTLOKO ZENTLOKO

Ukuba i-migraines yakho yenzeka ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini ngeveki ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweetriptan, umboneleli wakho angakubeka kumayeza oza kuwathatha mihla le, anokunceda ekuthinteleni imigraines. Injongo kukuthintela ukuba i-migraine yenzeka kangaphi kwaye ukuba yintloko kangakanani na. Ezi ntlobo zamayeza zinokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa iintlungu zentloko:

• Amayeza aqhele ukusetyenziselwa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, (njenge-beta-blockers, ii-angiotensin blockade agents, kunye ne-calcium channel blockers)
• Amayeza athile asetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo
• Amayeza athile asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuxhuzula, okubizwa ngokuba zii-anticonvulsants
• Uhlobo lweBotulinum toxin yohlobo lwealiti kwizigulana ezikhethiweyo

Izixhobo ezitsha ezibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhuthaza imithambo-luvo okanye ukonyusa amandla kazibuthe ziyavavanywa kunyango lwe-migraine. Indima yabo ngqo kunyango lwe-migraine ayikacaci.

Umntu ngamnye uphendula ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunyango. Abanye abantu banemigraines kunqabile kwaye bafuna unyango oluncinci. Abanye kufuneka bathathe amayeza aliqela okanye baye esibhedlele ngamanye amaxesha.

Intloko ye-Migraine yinto ebangela umngcipheko wokubetha. Umngcipheko uphezulu kubantu abatshayayo, ngakumbi ke kwabasetyhini abanemigraines eyenzeka nge-aura. Ukongeza kokungatshayi, abantu abane-migraines kufuneka banqande ezinye izinto ezinobungozi bokubetha. Oku kubandakanya:

• Ukuthatha iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa
• Ukutya ukutya okungenampilo, okunokubangela i-cholesterol ephezulu okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu

Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 ukuba:

• Uhlangabezana "nentloko ebuhlungu ebomini bakho."
• Unentetho, umbono, okanye iingxaki zokuhamba okanye ukulahleka kokulinganisela, ngakumbi ukuba awuzange ube nazo ezi mpawu nge-migraine ngaphambili.
• Intloko iqala ngequbuliso.

Cwangcisa ixesha lokuqeshwa okanye ubize umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Iphethini yakho yentloko okanye utshintsho lwentlungu.
• Unyango obukade lusebenza alusancedi.
• Uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza akho.
• Uthatha iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa kwaye une-migraine ebuhlungu.
• Intloko yakho iqatha xa ulala phantsi.

Intloko ebuhlungu - migraine; Intloko yeVascular - migraine

• Intloko-yintoni ekufuneka ubuze ugqirha wakho

• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Isizathu seMigraine
• Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT kwengqondo
• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system

Umbutho weentloko zaseMelika. Isitatimende sokuma kwentloko yaseMelika ngokudibanisa unyango olutsha lwe-migraine kunyango lweklinikhi. Intloko ebuhlungu. 2019; 59 (1): 1-18. IINKCUKACHA: 30536394 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30536394.

UDodick DW. Migraine. ILancet. Ngo-2018; 391 (10127): 1315-1330. IINKCUKACHA: 29523342 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29523342.

UGarza I, uSchwedt TJ, uRobertson CE, uSmith JH. Intloko kunye nezinye iintlungu ze-craniofacial. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahl. 103.

Umhlambi CP, uTomlinson CL, uRick C, et al. Iityhefu zeBotulinum zokuthintela i-migraine kubantu abadala. Isiseko sedatha yeCochrane Isityhi. Ngo-2018; 6: CD011616. IINKCUKACHA: 29939406 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29939406/.

IHershey AD, Kabbouche MA, O'Brien HL, Kacperski J. Intloko. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 613.

Isikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa nesishwankathelo sokuhlaziya: Unyango olululo lwe-migraine ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo: Ingxelo yoPhuculo lweSikhokelo, ukuSasazwa, kunye neKomitana yokuPhumeza yeAmerican Academy ye-Neurology kunye neAmerican Headache Society. Neurology. Ngo-2020; 94 (1): 50. IINKCUKACHA: 31822576 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31822576/.

UTassorelli C, uDiener HC, uDodick DW, et al. Izikhokelo zoMbutho weHlabathi weNtloko weeNtloko kwizilingo ezilawulwayo zonyango lothintelo lwe-migraine engapheliyo kubantu abadala. Cephalalgia. 2018; 38 (5): 815-832. IINKCUKACHA: 29504482 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29504482/.