Ityhefu

Ityhefu ingenzeka xa uphefumla, uginya, okanye uchukumisa into ekugulisayo. Ezinye iityhefu zinokubangela ukufa.

Ityhefu ihlala ivela:

• Ukuthatha amayeza amaninzi okanye ukuthatha amayeza awenzelwe wena
• Ukusezela okanye ukuginya indlu okanye ezinye iintlobo zeekhemikhali
• Ukungenisa iikhemikhali ngesikhumba
• Ukungenisa igesi, njengekhabhoni monoxide

Iimpawu okanye iimpawu zetyhefu zingabandakanya:

• Bakhulu kakhulu okanye bancinci kakhulu abafundi
• Intliziyo ekhawulezayo okanye ecothayo
• Ukukhawuleza okanye ukuphefumla kancinci
• Ukutsala okanye umlomo owomileyo
• Intlungu yesisu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, okanye urhudo
• Ukulala okanye ukungakhathali
• Ukudideka
• Intetho egudileyo
• Ukuhamba okungahambelaniyo okanye ukuhamba nzima
• Kunzima ukuchama
• Ukuphulukana namathumbu okanye ulawulo lwesinyi
• Ukutsha okanye bomvu imilebe nomlomo, okubangelwa kukusela ityhefu
• Umphunga onuka imichiza
• Ukutsha kwemichiza okanye amabala emntwini, kwimpahla, okanye kwindawo emngqongileyo
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuphulukana nombono
• Ukopha okuzenzekelayo
• Zingenanto iibhotile zeepilisi okanye iipilisi ezisasazekileyo

Ezinye iingxaki zempilo zinokubangela ezinye zeempawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu unetyhefu, kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

Ayizizo zonke ityhefu ezibangela iimpawu kwangoko. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu ziza kancinci okanye zenzeke kwiiyure emva kokuvezwa.

IZiko loLawulo lweTyhefu lincomela ukuthatha la manyathelo ukuba umntu unetyhefu.

OKO UNOKUKWENZA KUQALA

• Hlala uphole. Ayingawo onke amayeza okanye imichiza ebangela ityhefu.
• Ukuba umntu uphumile okanye akaphefumli, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yalapho kwangoko.
• Kwityhefu ekhutshiweyo efana nekhabhon monoksayidi, faka umntu emoyeni omtsha kwangoko.
• Ityhefu eluswini, susa nayiphi na impahla ethintelwe yityhefu. Hlamba ulusu lomntu ngamanzi abalekayo kangangemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
• Kwityhefu emehlweni, hlamba amehlo omntu ngamanzi abalekayo kangangemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
• Ityhefu eginyileyo, sukumnika umntu amalahle. Musa ukunika abantwana isiraphu ipecac. Musa ukumnika nantoni na umntu ngaphambi kokuba uthethe neZiko loLawulo lweTyhefu.

UKUFUMANA UNCEDO

Tsalela umnxeba iZiko loLawulo lweTyhefu kwinombolo engxamisekileyo e-1-800-222-1222. Sukulinda de umntu abenempawu phambi kokuba utsale umnxeba. Zama ukuba nolwazi olulandelayo lulungele:

• Isikhongozeli okanye ibhotile yeyeza okanye yetyhefu
• Ubunzima bomntu, ubudala, kunye naziphi na iingxaki zempilo
• Ixesha lokutyhefa
• Yenzeka njani into yetyhefu, njengokungena ngomlomo, ukusezela, okanye ulusu okanye ukudibana kwamehlo
• Nokuba umntu ugabhile
• Loluphi uhlobo loncedo lokuqala olinikeyo
• Apho umntu akhoyo

Iziko liyafumaneka naphi na eMelika. Iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Ungatsalela umnxeba uthethe nengcali yetyhefu ukufumanisa ukuba mawenze ntoni xa unetyhefu. Rhoqo uya kuba nakho ukufumana uncedo ngefowuni kwaye akufuneki uye kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Ukuba ufuna ukuya kwigumbi likaxakeka, umboneleli wezempilo uyakujonga ubushushu bakho, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Unokufuna olunye uvavanyo, kubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• X-reyi
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram)
• Iinkqubo ezibonakala ngaphakathi kwindlela yakho yomoya (i-bronchoscopy) okanye i-esophagus (ukugwinya ityhubhu) kunye nesisu (endoscopy)

Ukugcina ityhefu eninzi ingangeni, unokufumana:

• Amalahle avuselelweyo
• Umbhobho ngeempumlo ungene esiswini
• I-laxative

Olunye unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ukucoca okanye ukunkcenkceshela ulusu namehlo
• Inkxaso yokuphefumla, kubandakanya ityhubhu engena emlonyeni kwi-windpipe (trachea) kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (IV)
• Amayeza okubuyisela umva iziphumo zetyhefu

Thatha la manyathelo ukunceda ukuthintela ityhefu.

• Ungaze wabelane ngamayeza kagqirha.
• Thatha amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwa ngumboneleli wakho. Musa ukuthatha amayeza ongezelelweyo okanye uwasele rhoqo kunokuba umiselwe.

Xelela umboneleli wakho kunye nosokhemesti ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo.

• Funda iilebheli zamayeza e-counter. Soloko ulandela umkhombandlela kwileyibhile.
• Ungaze uthathe amayeza ebumnyameni. Qiniseka ukuba uyayibona into oyithathayo.
• Ungaze uxube iikhemikhali zekhaya. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela iigesi eziyingozi.
• Njalo gcina imichiza yasekhaya kwisikhongozeli abangenayo. Musa ukuphinda usebenzise izikhongozeli.
• Gcina onke amayeza kunye neekhemikhali zivaliwe okanye zingafumaneki ebantwaneni.
• Funda kwaye ulandele iilebhile kwiikhemikhali zekhaya. Nxiba impahla okanye iiglavu ukukhusela xa uphethe, ukuba uyalelwe.
• Faka iicarbon monoxide detectors. Qinisekisa ukuba baneebhetri ezintsha.

ILatham MD. Ityhefu. Ku: Kleinman K, Mcdaniel L, Molloy M, ii-eds. Incwadi yeHarriet Lane, iThe. Umhla we-22. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 3.

Meehan TJ. Indlela yesigulana esinetyhefu. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2018: isahluko 139.

UNelson LS, uFord MD. Ityhefu Acute. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 102.

UTheobald JL, uKostic MA. Ityhefu. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 77.

• Ityhefu