I-hematoma enganyangekiyo engaphantsi

Isifo esinganyangekiyo esisemathunjini yingqokelela "yegazi" kunye negazi eliphakathi komphezulu wobuchopho kunye nesigqubuthelo sayo esingaphandle (ixesha elide). Isigaba esingapheliyo se-hematoma engaphantsi kwendalo siqala kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokopha okokuqala.

I-hematoma yangaphantsi kwendalo iyaphuhliswa xa kuvalwa imithambo kunye nokukopha kwegazi. Le yimithambo emincinci ehamba phakathi kwexesha kunye nomphezulu wobuchopho. Oku kudla ngokuba sisiphumo sokwenzakala entloko.

Ingqokelela yegazi emva koko yenzeka ngaphezulu kobuchopho. Kwingqokelela engapheliyo yendalo, ukuphuma kwegazi kwimithambo ngokuthe chu ngokuhamba kwexesha, okanye ukopha okukhawulezileyo kuyekwe kucace ngokwakho.

I-hematoma yangaphantsi kwendalo ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwengqondo okuqhelekileyo okwenzeka ngokuguga. Oku kuncipha kuyolula kwaye kuyenze buthathaka imithambo yokuvala. Le mithambo inokwenzeka ukuba yaphule kubantu abadala, nasemva kokulimala entloko. Wena okanye usapho lwakho aninakukhumbula nakuphi na ukwenzakala okunokuyichaza.

Iingozi zibandakanya:

• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ixesha elide
• Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwe-aspirin, iziyobisi ezichasayo ezifana ne-ibuprofen, okanye ukunciphisa igazi (i-anticoagulant) njengeyeza
• Izifo ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwegazi
• Ukwenzakala entloko
• Iminyaka emidala

Ngamanye amaxesha, kungangabikho zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-hematoma kwaye apho icinezela kwingqondo, naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:

• Ukudideka okanye isiqaqa
• Ukunciphisa imemori
• Ingxaki yokuthetha okanye ukuginya
• Unengxaki yokuhamba
• Ukozela
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukuba buthathaka okanye ukuba ndindisholo kweengalo, imilenze, ubuso

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kubuza malunga nembali yakho yezonyango. Uvavanyo lomzimba luya kubandakanya ukukhangela ngononophelo kwengqondo yakho kunye nenkqubo ye-neva yeengxaki:

• Ibhalansi
• Ulungelelaniso
• Imisebenzi yengqondo
• Ukuziva
• Amandla
• Ukuhamba

Ukuba kukho nasiphi na isikrokro se-hematoma, uvavanyo lokucinga ngemifanekiso, olunjenge-CT okanye iMRI, luya kwenziwa uvavanyo.

Injongo yonyango kukulawula iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa okanye ukuthintela umonakalo ongapheliyo kwingqondo. Amayeza anokusetyenziselwa ukulawula okanye ukuthintela ukuxhuzula.

Utyando lunokufuneka. Oku kunokubandakanya ukubhola imingxunya encinci kukhakhayi ukukhulula uxinzelelo kunye nokuvumela igazi kunye nolwelo ukuba lutsalwe. Iihematomas ezinkulu okanye amahlwili egazi aqinileyo anokufuna ukususwa ngovulo olukhulu kwikakayi (craniotomy).

I-Hematomas engabangeli iimpawu ayinakufuna unyango. Iihematomas ezinganyangekiyo ezingaphantsi kwesiqhelo zihlala zibuya emva kokutsalwa. Ke ngoko, ngamanye amaxesha kungcono ukubashiya bodwa ngaphandle kokuba bebangela iimpawu.

Iihematomas ezinganyangekiyo ezingaphantsi kwesidala ezibangela iimpawu zihlala zingaziphilisi ngokwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Bahlala befuna utyando, ngakumbi xa kukho iingxaki ze-neurologic, ukuxhuzula, okanye iintloko ezingapheliyo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukonakala okungapheliyo kwengqondo
• Iimpawu ezingapheliyo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo, ukudideka, ubunzima bokuhlawula, ukuba nesiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokulahleka kwememori
• Ukuxhuzula

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho kwangoko ukuba wena okanye ilungu losapho uneempawu zesifo esinganyangekiyo se-hematoma. Umzekelo, ukuba ubona iimpawu zokudideka, ubuthathaka, okanye iiveki eziphazamisayo okanye iinyanga emva kokulimala kwentloko kumntu omdala, qhagamshelana nomboneleli ngokukhawuleza.

Thatha loo mntu umse kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911 okanye kwinombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba loo mntu:

• Ukuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula)
• Ngaba akalumkanga (ulahlekelwa yingqondo)

Kuphephe ukwenzakala entloko ngokusebenzisa amabhanti, ibhayisekile kunye neminqwazi yokukhwela izithuthuthu, neminqwazi eyomeleleyo xa kufanelekile.

Ukopha okungaphantsi - okungapheliyo; I-hematoma engezantsi - engapheliyo; Ingqungquthela yangaphantsi

I-Chari A, i-Kolias AG, i-Borg N, i-Hutchinson PJ, i-Santarius T. Ulawulo kunye nolawulo lotyando lwe-hematomas ezingapheliyo. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ugqirha we-Youmans kunye no-Winn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 34.

I-Stippler M. Craniocerebral trauma. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 62.