Iingxaki zeTMJ

Ukuphazamiseka ngokudibeneyo kunye nezihlunu ze-temporomandibular (ukuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ) ziingxaki ezichaphazela izihlunu ezihlafunwayo kunye namalungu adibanisa umhlathi wakho osezantsi kukhakhayi lwakho.

Kukho amalungu ahambelana ne-temporomandibular kwicala ngalinye lentloko yakho. Zibekwe nje phambi kweendlebe zakho. Isifinyezo esithi "i-TMJ" sibhekisa kwigama lendibaniselwano, kodwa ihlala isetyenziselwa ukubonisa naziphi na iingxaki okanye iimpawu zalo mmandla.

Uninzi lweempawu ezinxulumene ne-TMJ zibangelwa ziziphumo zoxinzelelo lomzimba kwizakhiwo ezijikeleze ukudibana. Ezi zakhiwo zibandakanya:

• Idiski ye-Cartilage edibeneyo
• Imisipha yomhlathi, ubuso, nentamo
• Iigaments ezikufutshane, imithambo yegazi, kunye nemithambo-luvo
• Amazinyo

Kubantu abaninzi abanengxaki yokudibana kwetemporomandibular, unobangela awaziwa. Ezinye zezizathu ezinikwe kule meko azingqiniswanga kakuhle. Ziquka:

• Ukulunywa kakubi okanye i-orthodontic brace.
• Uxinzelelo kunye nokugaya izinyo. Abantu abaninzi abaneengxaki ze-TMJ abazitshixizisi amazinyo abo, kwaye uninzi lwabo bebeligaya ixesha elide abanangxaki ngokuhlangana kwabo kwetemporomandibular. Abanye abantu, uxinzelelo olunxulunyaniswa nesi sifo kunokubangelwa yintlungu, ngokuchaseneyo nokuba ngunobangela wengxaki.

Ukuma kakubi kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwiimpawu ze-TMJ. Umzekelo, ukubamba intloko yakho phambili ngelixa ujonge ikhompyuter imini yonke uxinisa izihlunu zobuso bakho nentamo.

Ezinye izinto ezinokwenza ukuba iimpawu ze-TMJ zibe mandundu zibandakanya ukungondleki kunye nokungalali kakuhle.

Uninzi lwabantu luphela sele lune "ndawo zokubangela." Le yimisipha enesivumelwano kumhlathi wakho, entloko nasentanyeni. Amanqaku okuqala anokubhekisa kwintlungu kwezinye iindawo, ebangela intloko ebuhlungu, indlebe ebuhlungu, okanye izinyo.

Ezinye izizathu ezinokubakho zeempawu ezinxulumene ne-TMJ zibandakanya isifo samathambo, ukwaphuka, ukususwa, kunye neengxaki zolwakhiwo ezikhoyo ukusukela ekuzalweni.

Iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ kunokuba:

• Ukuluma okanye ukuhlafuna ubunzima okanye ukungonwabi
• Ukucofa, ukuphuma, okanye ukuva isandi xa uvula okanye uvale umlomo
• Intlungu, iintlungu ezibuhlungu ebusweni
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu yomhlathi okanye ukuthamba komhlathi
• Ukutshixa imihlathi
• Kunzima ukuvula okanye ukuvala umlomo

Kuya kufuneka ukuba ubone iingcali zonyango ezingaphezu kwesinye kwiintlungu kunye neempawu zakho ze-TMJ. Oku kunokubandakanya umboneleli wezempilo, ugqirha wamazinyo, okanye indlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala (ENT), kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zakho.

Uya kudinga uvavanyo olunzulu olubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwamazinyo ukubonisa ukuba ulungelelwaniso olungalunganga lokuluma
• Ukuziva ngokudibeneyo kunye nezihlunu zethenda
• Ukucofa entloko ukukhangela iindawo ezibuthathaka okanye ezibuhlungu
• Ukutyibilika kwamazinyo ngapha nangapha
• Ukujonga, ukuziva, nokumamela umhlathi uvuleke kwaye uvale
• I-X-ray, i-CT scan, iMRI, uvavanyo lweDoppler lweTMJ

Ngamanye amaxesha, iziphumo zovavanyo lomzimba zinokubonakala ziqhelekileyo.

Umboneleli wakho uya kufuna kwakhona ukuqaphela ezinye iimeko, ezinje ngokusuleleka, iingxaki ezinxulumene nemithambo-luvo, kunye neentloko ezinokubangela iimpawu zakho.

Kucetyiswa ukuba kunyangwe ngokulula nangokuthantamisayo unyango lokuqala.

• Ukutya okuthambileyo ukuthomalalisa ukudumba ngokudibeneyo.
• Funda indlela yokwelula ngobunono, ukuphumla, okanye ukuphulula izihlunu ezijikeleze umhlathi wakho. Umboneleli wakho, ugqirha wamazinyo, okanye ugqirha wezonyango unokukunceda kwezi.
• Gwema izinto ezibangela iimpawu zakho, njengokuzamla, ukucula kunye nokuhlafuna itshungama.
• Zama ukufudumeza okufumileyo okanye iipakethe ezibandayo ebusweni bakho.
• Funda iindlela zokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Zilolonge amaxesha amaninzi ngeveki ukukunceda ukuba wandise amandla akho okuphatha iintlungu.
• Uhlalutyo lokuluma.

Funda kangangoko unakho kunyango lwe-TMJ, njengoko uluvo luhluka kakhulu. Fumana izimvo zababoneleli abaliqela. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwabantu ekugqibeleni lufumana into eluncedo.

Buza umboneleli wakho okanye ugqirha wamazinyo malunga namayeza onokuwasebenzisa. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane kwe-acetaminophen okanye ibuprofen, naproxen (okanye ezinye iziyobisi ezichasayo)
• Amayeza okuphumla kwezihlunu okanye iziyobisi
• Inaliti yokuphumla kwezihlunu njenge-toxin botulinum
• Rhoqo, iicorticosteroid shots kwi-TMJ ukunyanga ukudumba

Umlomo okanye unogada wokuluma, okwabizwa ngokuba ziintsimbi okanye izixhobo, kudala zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukugaya amazinyo, ukuqinisa amazinyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ. Banokunceda okanye bangancedi.

• Ngelixa abantu abaninzi befumanise ukuba baluncedo, izibonelelo ziyahluka kakhulu. Umlindi unokuphulukana nokusebenza kwawo ngokuhamba kwexesha, okanye xa uyeka ukunxiba. Abanye abantu banokuziva beqaqanjelwa xa benxibe enye.
• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhekeka. Amanye alingana namazinyo aphezulu, ngelixa amanye elingana phezu kwamazinyo asezantsi.
• Ukusetyenziswa ngokusisigxina kwezi zinto akunakucetyiswa. Kuya kufuneka uyeke ukuba zibangela naluphi na utshintsho ekulungeni kwakho.

Ukuba unyango olulondolozayo alusebenzi, oko akuthethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba ufuna unyango olungaphaya. Sebenzisa ulumkiso xa ujonga iindlela zonyango ezingenakuguqulwa, ezinje nge-orthodontics okanye utyando oluguqula isigxina sakho sokuluma.

Ukuhlinzwa ngokutsha komhlathi, okanye ukutshintshwa ngokudibeneyo, kunqabile ukuba kufuneke. Ngapha koko, iziphumo zihlala zibi kakhulu kunaphambi kotyando.

Unokufumana ulwazi oluthe vetshe kwaye ufumane amaqela enkxaso kuMbutho weSifo se-TMJ apha www.tmj.org.

Kubantu abaninzi, iimpawu zivela ngamanye amaxesha kwaye azihlali ixesha elide. Bavame ukuhamba ngexesha ngaphandle konyango. Amatyala amaninzi anokunyangwa ngempumelelo.

Ezinye iimeko zentlungu zihamba zodwa ngaphandle konyango. Intlungu ehambelana ne-TMJ inokubuyela kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba unobangela kukuxinana ebusuku, unyango lunokukhohlisa kakhulu kuba kukuziphatha okunzima ukulawula.

Ukuqhekeka komlomo yindlela eqhelekileyo yonyango lokugaya amazinyo. Ngelixa ezinye iziqwenga zingakuthulisa ukusila ngokunika indawo ethe tyaba, nkqu nomphezulu, zisenokungasebenzi ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni iintlungu okanye ekuyekiseni ukuqinisa. Amacwecwe anokusebenza kakuhle kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa angangasebenzi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezinye iziqwenga zinokubangela notshintsho lokuluma ukuba azilungelanga kakuhle. Oku kunokubangela ingxaki entsha.

I-TMJ inokubangela:

• Iintlungu zobuso ezingapheliyo
• Iintloko ezingapheliyo

Jonga umboneleli wakho kwangoko ukuba unengxaki yokutya okanye ukuvula umlomo wakho. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iimeko ezininzi zinokubangela iimpawu ze-TMJ, ukusuka kwisifo samathambo ukuya kwenzakala kwi-whiplash. Iingcali eziqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kwiintlungu zobuso zinganceda ukufumanisa nokunyanga i-TMJ.

Uninzi lwamanyathelo okhathalela ekhaya ukunyanga iingxaki ze-TMJ nazo zinokunceda ukukhusela imeko. La manyathelo abandakanya:

• Kuphephe ukutya ukutya okunzima kunye nokuhlafuna itshungama.
• Funda iindlela zokuphumla zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwezihlunu.
• Gcina ukuma okuhle, ngakumbi ukuba usebenza imini yonke kwikhompyuter. Yima kancinci ukutshintsha indawo, phumla izandla neengalo, kwaye ukhulule izihlunu ezixinzelelweyo.
• Sebenzisa amanyathelo okhuseleko ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kunye nokususwa.

I-TMD; Ukuphazamiseka ngokudibeneyo kwe-temporomandibular; Ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha ye-temporomandibular; ICosten's syndrome; Ingxaki yeCraniomandibular; Ukuphazamiseka kwetemporomandibular

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U-Okeson JP. Ukuphazamiseka kwetemporomandibular. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2020: 504-507.

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