Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi-i-inhalants

Inhalants ngumphunga weekhemikhali ophefumlwa ngenjongo yokufumana phezulu.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-inhalant kuye kwaduma kwii-1960s kunye nolutsha olufunxa iglu. Ukusukela ngoko, ezinye iintlobo ze-inhalants ziye zathandwa. Izinongo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kulutsha oluncinci kunye nakwiminyaka yokuhamba isikolo, nangona abantu abadala ngamanye amaxesha bezisebenzisa.

Amagama esitrato e-inhalants aquka ukuqhuma komoya, isibindi, i-chroming, i-discorama, uvuyo, ukuqhekeka kwehippie, igesi yenyanga, i-oz, imbiza yendoda elihlwempu, ukukhawuleza, i-snappers, ii-whippets kunye ne-whiteout.

Iimveliso ezininzi zasekhaya zinemichiza eguqukayo. Ukuguquguquka kuthetha ukuba imichiza ivelisa umphunga, onokuthi uphefumlelwe (uphefumlelwe). Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zokuphefumla kakubi zezi:

• Ii-Aerosols, ezinje nge-air freshener, i-deodorant, umkhuseli welaphu, ukutshiza iinwele, ukutshiza ioyile yemifuno kunye nepeyinti yokutshiza
• Iigesi, ezifana ne-butane (ulighter fluid), ukucoca ikhompyutha, i-freon, i-helium, i-nitrous oxide (igesi ehlekayo), efumaneka kwizikhongozeli zekrimu ezibethwayo kunye nepropane.
• IiNitrites, ezingasathengiswa ngokusemthethweni. Xa ii-nitrites zithengwa ngokungekho mthethweni, zihlala zibizwa ngokuba "zicocekileyo ngofele," "livumba elimanzi," "igumbi livumba," okanye "isicoci sentloko sevidiyo."
• Izinto zokunyibilikisa, ezinje ngokulungisa ulwelo, i-degreaser, iglu eyomisa ngokukhawuleza, isiphawuli se-tip-tip, ipetroli, isikhupheli seenzipho, kunye nepeyinti encinci.

Iziphefumli ziphefumlwa ngomlomo okanye ngempumlo. Amagama eSlang kwezi ndlela zezi:

• Ingxowa. Ukungenisa umchiza emva kokuba ufafaziwe okanye wafakwa ephepheni okanye eplastikini.
• Ibhaluni. Ukungenisa igesi kwibhaluni.
• Uthuli. Ukutshiza i-erosos empumlweni okanye emlonyeni.
• Ukugcoba. Ukungenisa i-air-freshener aerosols.
• Ukutshutshisa.Ukungenisa isilaphu esirhabaxa esifakwe kwinto leyo emva koko sabanjwa ebusweni okanye esifakwe emlonyeni.
• Ukuphunga. Ukungenisa into ngokuthe ngqo ngeempumlo.
• Ukurhona. Ukungenisa into ngokuthe ngqo emlonyeni.

Ezinye izinto ezihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubamba imichiza engenayo ibandakanya iitoti ezingenasoda ezingenanto, iibhotile ezingenanto, neetyhubhu zephepha langasese ezifakwe amadlavu okanye iphepha langasese eligalelwe yikhemikhali.

Xa uphefumlelwe, iikhemikhali zithathwa yimiphunga. Kwimizuzwana nje, imichiza iya kwingqondo, ibangela ukuba umntu azive enxilile, okanye ephezulu. Ukuphakama kuhlala kubandakanya ukuziva wonwabile kwaye wonwabile, ukuziva kufana nokunxila kukusela utywala.

Ezinye i-inhalants zibangela ukuba ingqondo ikhuphe i-dopamine. I-Dopamine yikhemikhali echaphazelekayo kunye nokucinga. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yimichiza yengqondo elungileyo.

Ngenxa yokuba ukuphakama kuhlala kuphela imizuzu embalwa, abasebenzisi bazama ukwenza okuphezulu ukuba kuphele ixesha elide ngokuphefumla okuphindaphindiweyo iiyure ezininzi.

IiNitrites zahlukile kwezinye izinto ezi-inhalants. AmaNitrites enza ukuba imithambo yegazi ibe nkulu kwaye intliziyo ibethe ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubangela ukuba umntu azive efudumele kakhulu kwaye onwabile. AmaNitrites ahlala ehogela ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokwesondo kunokuba aphakame.

Iikhemikhali ezingena ngaphakathi zingonakalisa umzimba ngeendlela ezininzi, zikhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezinje:

• Umonakalo womongo wethambo
• Umonakalo wesibindi
  
• Coma
• Ukuphulukana nokuva
• Iingxaki zentliziyo, ezinje ngokungaqhelekanga okanye izingqisho zentliziyo ekhawulezayo
• Ukuphulukana namathumbu kunye nolawulo lomchamo
• Utshintsho lwemood, njengokungakhathali nantoni na (ukungakhathali), indlela yokuziphatha enogonyamelo, ukudideka, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, okanye uxinzelelo
• Iingxaki zesisu ezingapheliyo, ezinje ngokuba ndindisholo, ukurhawuzelela izandla neenyawo, ubuthathaka kunye neenyikima

Izinongo zinokubulala:

• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga okanye esikhawulezayo sinokubangela ukuba intliziyo iyeke ukumpompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba. Le meko ibizwa ngesiquphe se-sniffing death syndrome.
• Ukufuthwa kunokubangela xa imiphunga nengqondo zingafumani oksijini yaneleyo. Oku kunokwenzeka xa amanqanaba emphunga yemichiza ephezulu emzimbeni kangangokuba ithatha indawo yeoksijini egazini. Ukufuthwa kuyenzeka kwakhona ukuba ibhegi yeplastiki ibekwe phezu kwentloko xa ibhegi (ukufunxa ingxowa).

Abantu abakhupha i-nitrites banethuba eliphezulu lokufumana i-HIV / AIDS kunye ne-hepatitis B no-C. Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-nitrites zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokwesondo. Abantu abasebenzisa i-nitrites banokuba neentlobano zesini ezingakhuselekanga.

Izifutho zinokubangela iziphene zokuzalwa xa zisetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Abantu abasebenzisa i-inhalants banokufumana iziyobisi kubo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ingqondo nomzimba wabo zixhomekeke kwizi-inhalants. Abakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwaye bayakufuna (ukurhalela) ukufikelela kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Umlutha ungakhokelela ekunyamezelweni. Ukunyamezelana kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwe-inhalant iyafuneka ukuze ufumane imvakalelo efanayo. Kwaye ukuba umntu uzama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-inhalant, iimpendulo zinokubakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zokurhoxa kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Iminqweno eyomeleleyo yesiyobisi
• Ukuba neemvakalelo eziguqukayo ukusuka ekuziva udandathekile ukuya ekuxhalabeni
• Ayikwazi ukugxila

Ukuphendula ngokwasemzimbeni kunokubandakanya iintloko, iintlungu kunye neentlungu, ukonyuka kwesidlo, kunye nokungalali kakuhle.

Akusoloko kulula ukuxelela ukuba umntu usebenzisa i-inhalants. Qaphela le miqondiso:

• Ukuphefumla okanye iimpahla zinuka njengeekhemikhali
• Khohlela kunye nempumlo esibalekayo ngalo lonke ixesha
• Amehlo anamanzi okanye abafundi bavule kakhulu (banzi)
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha
• Ukuva okanye ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo (ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo)
• Ukufihla izikhongozeli ezingenanto okanye amadlavu ejikeleze indlu
• Imo iyatshintsha okanye ukuba nomsindo kunye nokucaphuka ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Akukho kutya, isicaphucaphu nokugabha, ukwehla kobunzima
• Ipeyinti okanye amabala ebusweni, ezandleni, okanye kwimpahla
• Irhashalala okanye amabhamuza ebusweni

Unyango luqala ngokuqonda ingxaki. Inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumana uncedo kunye nenkxaso.

Iinkqubo zonyango zisebenzisa iindlela zokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha ngokucebisa (ukuthetha ngonyango). Injongo kukunceda umntu ukuba aqonde indlela aziphethe ngayo nokuba kutheni esebenzisa iizifunxi. Ukubandakanya usapho kunye nabahlobo ngexesha lokucebisa kunokunceda ukuxhasa umntu lowo ukuba abagcine bangabuyeli ekusebenziseni (ukubuyela umva).

Ngeli xesha, akukho yeza elinokunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-inhalants ngokuthintela iziphumo zazo. Kodwa, izazinzulu ziphanda amayeza anjalo.

Njengoko umntu echacha, khuthaza oku kulandelayo ukukunceda ukuthintela ukubuyela umva:

• Qhubeka uye kwiiseshoni zonyango.
• Fumana imisebenzi emitsha kunye neenjongo zokutshintsha ezo zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa okungafunekiyo.
• Zilolonge kwaye utye ukutya okusempilweni. Ukunyamekela umzimba kunceda ukuba uphilise kwimiphumo emibi ye-inhalants.
• Gwema izinto ezibangela. Ezi zinto zibangela ukuba babe ngabantu kunye nabahlobo umntu asebenzise izi-inhalants naye. Zingaba ziindawo, izinto, okanye iimvakalelo ezinokwenza ukuba umntu afune ukusebenzisa kwakhona.

Izixhobo eziluncedo zibandakanya:

• UbomiRing- www.lifering.org/
• Umdibaniso weMfundo yabathengi-Ukuphathwa gadalala okungafunekiyo- www.consumered.org/programs/inhalant-abuse-prevention
• IZiko leLizwe leSizwe ngokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kulutsha- ulutsha.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/inhalants
• Ukubuyiswa kweSMart- www.smartrecovery.org/
• Intsebenziswano yaBantwana abaSebenzisa iziyobisi- iziyobisi.org/

Kubantu abadala, inkqubo yakho yokuncedisa abasebenzi emsebenzini (EAP) ikwangumthombo olungileyo.

Biza ukuqeshwa kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ulikhoboka leziyobisi kwaye ufuna uncedo lokuyeka. Fowunela kwakhona ukuba uneempawu zokurhoxa ezikukhathazayo.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi - iziyobisi Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi - inhalants; Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi - inhalants; Iglue - inhalants

IZiko leLizwe lewebhusayithi yokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi. Inhalants iziyobisi. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/inhalants. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-Epreli 2020. Kufikeleleke ngoJuni 26, 2020.

Nguyen J, O'Brien C, Schapp S.Ukufikisa ukusebenzisa inhalant uthintelo, uvavanyo, kunye nonyango: Unxibelelwano lwencwadi. Int J Umgaqo-nkqubo weziyobisi. Ngo-2016; 31: 15-24. IINKCUKACHA: 26969125 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26969125/.

IBreuner CC. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiyobisi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 140.

• Inhalants