Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngumhlaza oqala kumlomo wesibeleko. Umlomo wesibeleko yinxalenye engezantsi yesibeleko (isibeleko) evuleka phezulu kwilungu lobufazi.

Ehlabathini lonke, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lolona hlobo lwesithathu luqhelekileyo lomhlaza kwabasetyhini. Kuyinto exhaphake kakhulu eUnited States ngenxa yesiqhelo sokusetyenziswa kwePap smears.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uqala kwiiseli kumphezulu womlomo wesibeleko. Zimbini iintlobo zeeseli kumphezulu wesibeleko, squamous kunye nekholamu. Uninzi lwee-cancer zomlomo wesibeleko zivela kwiiseli ezinqabileyo.

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uhlala ukhula kancinci. Iqala njengemeko yokuchaphazeleka ebizwa ngokuba yi-dysplasia. Le meko inokufunyanwa yi-Pap smear kwaye iphantse ibe li-100% iyanyangeka. Kungathatha iminyaka ukuba idysplasia ikhule ibe ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Uninzi lwabasetyhini abafunyaniswa benomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko namhlanje khange babe nePap smear rhoqo, okanye khange balandelele kwiziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zePap smear.

Phantse yonke imihlaza yomlomo wesibeleko ibangelwa yi-human papillomavirus (HPV). I-HPV yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo esasazeka kunxibelelwano lolusu nolusu kunye nokwabelana ngesondo. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo (iintlobo) ze-HPV. Ezinye iintlobo zikhokelela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ezinye iintlobo zinokubangela iintsumpa kumalungu esini. Ezinye azibangeli ngxaki kwaphela.

Imikhwa yezesondo yomfazi kunye neepateni zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Izenzo zesondo eziyingozi zibandakanya:

• Ukwabelana ngesondo usemncinci
• Ukuba namaqabane amaninzi ezesondo
• Ukuba neqabane okanye amaqabane amaninzi athatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yesondo esemngciphekweni

Eminye imingcipheko yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ibandakanya:

• Ayilufumani ugonyo lwe-HPV
• Ukuhleleleka kwezoqoqosho
• Ukuba nomama othathe ichiza le-diethylstilbestrol (DES) ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwii-1960s zokuqala ukuthintela ukuphuma kwesisu
• Ukuba namajoni omzimba abuthathaka

Uninzi lwexesha, umhlaza wokuqala wesibeleko awunazimpawu. Iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke zibandakanya:

• Ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi phakathi kwamaxesha, emva kokulalana, okanye emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni
• Ukukhutshwa kwilungu lobufazi olungayekiyo, kwaye kunokuba luthuthu, amanzi, pinki, brown, gazi, okanye ivumba elibi
• Amaxesha esiba nzima kwaye ahlala ixesha elide kunesiqhelo

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ungasasazeka kwilungu lobufazi, i-lymph nodes, isinyi, amathumbu, imiphunga, amathambo kunye nesibindi. Rhoqo, akukho ngxaki de umhlaza uqhubele phambili kwaye usasazekile. Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ungabandakanya:

• Umqolo obuhlungu
• Intlungu yethambo okanye ukwaphuka
• Ukudinwa
• Ukuvuza komchamo okanye ilindle kwilungu lobufazi
• Intlungu yomlenze
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Intlungu yePelvic
• Umlenze omnye odumbileyo
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Utshintsho olwenziwe kwangaphambili lomlomo wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko alunakubonwa ngeliso lenyama. Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo ziyafuneka ukubona iimeko ezinjalo:

• I-Pap smear screens ye-precancers kunye nomhlaza, kodwa ayenzi kugqirha kokugqibela.
• Kuxhomekeke kubudala bakho, uvavanyo lwe-DNA lwe-papillomavirus (HPV) lunokwenziwa kunye novavanyo lwePap. Okanye inokusetyenziswa emva kokuba owasetyhini enesiphumo esingaqhelekanga sovavanyo lwePap. Isenokusetyenziswa kuvavanyo lokuqala. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokuba loluphi uvavanyo okanye iimvavanyo ezilungele wena.
• Ukuba kufunyenwe utshintsho olungaqhelekanga, umlomo wesibeleko uhlala ujongwa phantsi kokuphakanyiswa. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-colposcopy. Iziqwenga zethishu zinokususwa (biopsied) ngexesha lale nkqubo. Esi sihlunu ke sithunyelwa elebhu ukuvavanywa.
• Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-cone biopsy nayo inokwenziwa. Le yinkqubo esusa isinqumka esimile okweqanda phambi komlomo wesibeleko.

Ukuba umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ufunyanisiwe, umboneleli uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi. Ezi zinceda ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yistage. Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvis kwe-CT
• ICystoscopy
• Ipyramogram efakwa ngaphakathi (IVP)
• I-MRI yesinqe
• Ukuskena iPET

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko luxhomekeke:

• Inqanaba lomhlaza
• Ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwethumba
• Iminyaka yomfazi kunye nempilo ngokubanzi
• Umnqweno wakhe wokuba nabantwana kwikamva

Umhlaza wokuqala wesibeleko unokunyangeka ngokususa okanye ngokutshabalalisa izicwili ezinomhlaza okanye ezinomhlaza. Yiyo loo nto ukubanjwa rhoqo kwePap kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, okanye ukuwubamba usaqala. Kukho iindlela zotyando zokwenza oku ngaphandle kokususa isibeleko okanye ukonakalisa umlomo wesibeleko, ukuze umntu wasetyhini abe nako ukuba nexesha elizayo.

Iindidi zotyando lwe-precancer yomlomo wesibeleko, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, umhlaza wesibeleko esincinci kakhulu ubandakanya:

• Inkqubo ye-Loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP) - isebenzisa umbane ukususa izicubu ezingaqhelekanga.
• I-Cryotherapy -misa iiiseli ezingaqhelekanga.
• Unyango lweLaser-isebenzisa ukukhanya ukutshisa izicwili ezingaqhelekanga.
• I-Hysterectomy inokufuneka kwabafazi abanesifo sokukhula esiye bafumana iinkqubo ezininzi ze-LEEP.
  

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko oluphambili kunokubandakanya:

• I-Radical hysterectomy, esusa isibeleko kunye nezihlunu ezininzi ezijikelezileyo, kubandakanya ii-lymph node kunye nenxalenye ephezulu yelungu lobufazi. Oku kuhlala kwenziwa kubasetyhini abancinci, abasempilweni abanezilonda ezincinci.
• Unyango lwe-radiation, kunye ne-chemotherapy yedosi esezantsi, ihlala isetyenziselwa abantu basetyhini abanezilonda ezinkulu kakhulu kwi-hysterectomy egqibeleleyo okanye kwabasetyhini abangafanelekanga ukuba benze utyando.
  
• Ukuqina kwe-Pelvic, uhlobo olugqithisileyo lotyando apho onke amalungu esinqe, kubandakanya isinyi kunye ne-rectum, esuswa.

Imitha ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza obuyileyo.

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala umhlaza. Inokunikwa yodwa okanye ngoqhaqho okanye ngemitha.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• Uhlobo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Inqanaba lomhlaza (sele usasazeke kangakanani)
• Ubudala kunye nempilo ngokubanzi
• Ukuba umhlaza ubuya emva konyango

Iimeko zangaphambi komhlaza zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo xa zilandelwa kwaye zinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Uninzi lwabasetyhini bayaphila kwiminyaka emi-5 (iminyaka emi-5 yokusinda) yomhlaza osele udlulele ngaphakathi kudonga lomlomo wesibeleko kodwa ungaphandle kwendawo yomlomo wesibeleko. Isantya sokusinda seminyaka emi-5 siwela njengoko umhlaza usasazeka ngaphandle kweendonga zomlomo wesibeleko kwezinye iindawo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Umngcipheko womhlaza ubuya kubafazi abanonyango lokugcina isibeleko
• Iingxaki ngesondo, isisu, kunye nomsebenzi wesinyi emva kotyando okanye imitha

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Awuzange ube ne-Pap smears rhoqo
• Ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi okanye ukukhupha

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokuthintelwa ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Fumana isitofu sokugonya se-HPV. Isitofu sokugonya sithintela iintlobo ezininzi zosulelo lwe-HPV ezibangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Umboneleli wakho angakuxelela ukuba ingaba isitofu sokugonya sikulungele na.
• Ziqhelise ukwabelana ngesondo okukhuselekileyo. Ukusebenzisa iikhondom xa usabelana ngesondo kunciphisa umngcipheko we-HPV kunye nezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.
• Nciphisa inani lamaqabane akho owabelana nawo ngesondo. Kulumkele amaqabane asebenzayo ekuziphatheni okubi ngokwesini.
• Fumana iPap smear rhoqo njengoko umboneleli wakho ecebisa. Iipap smears zinokunceda ekufumaneni utshintsho lwakwangoko, olunokunyangwa ngaphambi kokuba lube ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• Fumana uvavanyo lwe-HPV ukuba lucetyiswa ngumboneleli wakho. Ingasetyenziselwa kunye novavanyo lwePap ukuvavanya umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka. Ukutshaya kwandisa amathuba okuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Umhlaza - umlomo wesibeleko; Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko - HPV; Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko - idysplasia

• I-Hysterectomy - isisu - ukukhutshwa
• I-Hysterectomy-laparoscopic-ukukhutshwa
• I-Hysterectomy - ubufazi-ukukhutshwa
• Imitha yepelvic - ukukhutshwa

• Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Neoplasia yomlomo wesibeleko
• Ipap smear
• I-biopsy yomlomo wesibeleko
• Ingqele ebandayo
• Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Iipap smears kunye nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Ikholeji yaseMelika yoQeqeshiso kunye neeGynecologists, iKomiti yoKhathalelo lweMpilo yaBafikisayo, iQela loMsebenzi weNgcali Uluvo lweKomiti Inani lama-704, ngoJuni 2017. www.acog.org/Resource-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Adolescent-Health-Care/Human-Papillomavirus-Vaccination. Kufumaneka ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. I-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV). Iifayile zenyani kunye nesikhokelo. www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/sheduli-engcebiso.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Agasti 15, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

IHacker NF. I-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza. Ku: IHacker NF, iGambone JC, iHobel CJ, ii-eds. IHacker kunye neMoore's Essentials ye-Obstetrics kunye neGynecology. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 38.

Ilungu lePalamente, iBaker ES, iSchmeler KM. I-neoplasia ye-Intraepithelial neoplasia yendlela esezantsi yesibeleko (umlomo wesibeleko, ubufazi, ubufazi): i-etiology, ukuhlolwa, ukuxilongwa, kunye nolawulo. Ku: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, ii-eds. Gynecology egqibeleleyo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 28.

Iinkonzo zoThintelo lweeNkonzo zoMsebenzi wase-US. Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko: ukuhlolwa. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening. Kukhutshwa ngo-Agasti 21, 2018. Kufikeleleke ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.