Ukuxhuzula

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo yimeko yengqondo apho umntu ebanzi okanye ajikeleze kakhulu kwiimvakalelo zabo. Amaxesha okuziva ulusizi kunye noxinzelelo anokuthi atshintshane ngamaxesha okonwaba okukhulu kunye nomsebenzi okanye ukunqumla okanye ukucaphuka.

Isifo seBipolar sichaphazela amadoda nabafazi ngokulinganayo. Ihlala iqala phakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-25. Oyena nobangela awaziwa, kodwa yenzeka rhoqo kwizalamane zabantu abane-bipolar disorder.

Uninzi lwabantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka engqondweni, akukho sizathu sicacileyo samaxesha (iziqendu) zolonwabo olugqithisileyo kunye nomsebenzi ophakamileyo okanye amandla (mania) okanye uxinzelelo kunye nomsebenzi ophantsi okanye amandla (uxinzelelo). Oku kulandelayo kunokubangela isiqendu somntu:

• Ukubeleka
• Amayeza, anje ngoxinzelelo okanye ii-steroids
• Amaxesha okungakwazi ukulala (ukulala)
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngokuzonwabisa

Isigaba somntu sinokuhlala kwiintsuku ukuya kwiinyanga. Ingabandakanya ezi mpawu:

• Ukuphazamiseka ngokulula
• Ukuzibandakanya okugqithisileyo kwimisebenzi
• Isidingo esincinci sokulala
• Ukugweba ngokungafanelekanga
• Ukulawula umsindo ombi
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba nokuziphatha ngokungakhathali, njengokuselwa okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ngokugqithileyo, ukwanda ngesondo okuyingozi, ukungcakaza nokuchitha okanye ukunika imali eninzi
• Iimvakalelo ezicaphukisayo, iingcinga ezibalekayo, ukuthetha kakhulu, kunye neenkolelo zobuxoki malunga neziqu zakho okanye ubuchule bakho
• Intetho ekhawulezileyo
• Ukuxhalaba malunga nezinto ezingeyonyani (inkohliso)

Isiqendu soxinzelelo sinokubandakanya ezi mpawu:

• Imvakalelo ephantsi yemihla ngemihla okanye usizi
• Iingxaki zokugxila, ukukhumbula, okanye ukwenza izigqibo
• Iingxaki zokutya njengokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokwehla kobunzima okanye ukutya kakhulu nokuzuza ubunzima
• Ukudinwa okanye ukungabikho kwamandla
• Ukuziva ungaxabisekanga, uphelelwe lithemba okanye unetyala
• Ukuphulukana nolonwabo kwimisebenzi ekhe yananditshwa
• Ukuphulukana nokuzithemba
• Iingcinga zokufa okanye ukuzibulala
• Ingxaki yokulala okanye ukulala kakhulu
• Ukutsala kude nabahlobo okanye imisebenzi ekhe yanandipha

Abantu abane-bipolar disorder basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuzibulala. Banokusebenzisa utywala okanye ezinye izinto. Oku kunokwenza ukuba iimpawu eziguquguqukayo zibe mbi ngakumbi kwaye kwandise umngcipheko wokuzibulala.

Iziqendu zoxinzelelo zixhaphake ngakumbi kuneziqendu zemania. Ipateni ayifani kubo bonke abantu abanesifo esiyi-bipolar:

• Ukudakumba kunye neempawu zemania zinokwenzeka kunye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yimeko exubeneyo.
• Iimpawu zinokwenzeka kwakhona emva komnye nomnye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cycling ngokukhawuleza.

Ukufumanisa isifo se-bipolar, umboneleli wezempilo angenza ezinye okanye zonke ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Buza ukuba amanye amalungu osapho ane-bipolar disorder
• Buza malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu yakho yakutshanje kunye nokuba unexesha elingakanani unazo
• Yenza uvavanyo olucokisekileyo kunye noku-odola uvavanyo lweelebhu ukujonga ezinye izifo ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifana nengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• Thetha namalungu osapho malunga neempawu zakho kunye nempilo yonke
• Buza malunga naziphi na iingxaki zempilo onazo kunye nawaphi na amayeza owasebenzisayo
• Jonga indlela oziphethe ngayo kunye neemvakalelo zakho

Injongo ephambili yonyango kukuba:

• Yenza iziqendu zingaphantsi rhoqo kwaye zibe nzima
• Kukunceda usebenze kakuhle kwaye wonwabele ubomi bakho ekhaya nasemsebenzini
• Thintela ukuzenzakalisa kunye nokuzibulala

AMAYEZA

Amayeza yinxalenye ephambili yokunyanga isifo esiyi-bipolar. Rhoqo, amayeza okuqala asetyenziswa abizwa ngokuba sisimamisi somoya. Bayakunceda ukuthintela ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye notshintsho olukhulu kwimisebenzi nakwizinga lamandla.

Ngamayeza, ungaqala ukuziva ubhetele. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, iimpawu zeemania zinokuziva zilungile. Abanye abantu baneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza. Ngenxa yoko, unokuhendeka ukuba uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho okanye utshintshe indlela owathatha ngayo. Kodwa ukuyeka amayeza akho okanye ukuwathatha ngendlela engeyiyo kunokubangela ukuba iimpawu zibuye okanye zibe mandundu ngakumbi. SUKUYEKE ukuthatha okanye ukutshintsha iidosi zamayeza akho. Thetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba unemibuzo malunga namayeza akho.

Cela amalungu osapho okanye abahlobo bakuncede uthathe amayeza ngendlela eyiyo. Oku kuthetha ukuthatha idosi elungileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Banokukunceda nasekuqinisekiseni ukuba iziqendu zempambano kunye noxinzelelo ziphathwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ukuzinzisa imood akuncedi, umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ngamanye amayeza, anje ngee-antipsychotic okanye i-anti-depressants.

Uya kudinga ukutyelelwa rhoqo ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo ukuze uthethe ngamayeza akho kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho. Iimvavanyo zegazi zihlala zifuneka, nazo.

OLUNYE UNYANGO

Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT) lunokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga isigaba somntu okanye uxinzelelo ukuba aluphenduli kunyango.

Abantu abaphakathi kwento enzima okanye yokudakumba banokudinga ukuhlala esibhedlele bade bazinze kwaye indlela abaziphethe ngayo iphantsi kolawulo.

IINKQUBO ZENKXASO NOKUTHETHA UNYANGO

Ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso kunokukunceda wena kunye nabantu obathandayo. Ukubandakanya amalungu osapho kunye nabanonopheli kunyango lwakho kunokunceda ukunciphisa amathuba okubuyela kweempawu.

Izakhono ezibalulekileyo onokuzifunda kwezi nkqubo zibandakanya ukuba:

• Ukumelana neempawu eziqhubekayo ngelixa uthatha amayeza
• Fumana ukulala ngokwaneleyo kwaye uhlale kude neziyobisi zokuzonwabisa
• Thatha amayeza ngendlela eyiyo kwaye ulawule iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• Jonga ukubuya kweempawu, kwaye wazi ukuba wenzeni xa bebuya
• Fumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela iziqendu kwaye uziphephe

Ukuthetha ngonyango kunye nomboneleli wezempilo yengqondo kunokuba luncedo kubantu abane-bipolar disorder.

Amaxesha oxinzelelo okanye ukubuyela umva kuninzi lwabantu, nditsho nonyango. Abantu banokuba nemicimbi ngotywala okanye iziyobisi. Banokuba neengxaki kubudlelwane, isikolo, umsebenzi kunye nemali.

Ukuzibulala kusemngciphekweni wokwenyani ngexesha lokudakumba noxinzelelo. Abantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka engqondweni abacinga okanye bathetha ngokuzibulala bafuna ingqalelo engxamisekileyo kwangoko.

Funa uncedo ngendlela eyiyo ukuba:

• Unempawu ze-mania
• Yiva umnqweno wokuzenzakalisa okanye wenzakalise abanye
• Ziva ungenathemba, usoyika, okanye udakumbile
• Jonga izinto ezingekhoyo ngenene
• Ndiva ngathi awukwazi ukuphuma endlwini
• Awunakho ukuzikhathalela

Tsalela umnxeba ukuba ngaba:

• Iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu
• Uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza
• Awuthathi amayeza ngendlela eyiyo

Ukudakumba komntu; Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuchaphazelekayo; Ukuphazamiseka kwimood - bipolar; Ukudakumba koxinzelelo

• Ukuxhuzula

Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika. IBipolar kunye nokuphazamiseka okunxulumene noko. Ku: Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika. Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo. Umhla we-5. IArlington, VA: Ukupapashwa kwengqondo yaseMelika; Ngo-2013: 123-154.

Perlis RH, Ostacher MJ. Ukuxhuzula. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseMassachusetts Jikelele esiBanzi seNyango yoNyango. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 30.