Keratoconus

I-Keratoconus isifo seso esichaphazela isakhiwo se-cornea. I-cornea sisicubu esicacileyo esigubungela umphambili wamehlo.

Kule meko, ubume be-cornea butshintsha kancinci ukusuka kwimilo ejikelezayo ukuya kwimo yekona. Iyancipha kwaye iliso liphume. Oku kubangela iingxaki zombono. Kuninzi lwabantu, olu tshintsho luyaqhubeka nokuba mandundu.

Unobangela awaziwa. Kungenzeka ukuba utyekelo lokuphuhlisa i-keratoconus lubakho kwasekuzalweni. Le meko inokubangelwa sisiphene kwi-collagen. Esi sisihlunu esibonelela ngemilo kunye namandla kwi-cornea.

Umzimba kunye nokuthanjiswa kwamehlo kunokuwukhawulezisa umonakalo.

Kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-keratoconus kunye ne-Down syndrome.

Owona mqondiso wokuqala kukungaboni kakuhle kombono ongenakulungiswa ngeglasi. (Umbono uhlala ulungiswa ukuya ku-20/20 ngeeilensi zoqhakamshelwano eziqinileyo, ezingena ngerhasi.) Ngokuhamba kwexesha, unokubona iihalos, ukuqaqamba, okanye ezinye iingxaki zombono ebusuku.

Uninzi lwabantu abaphuhlisa i-keratoconus banembali yokujonga kufutshane. Ukubona kufutshane kuye kuye kusiba kubi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Njengokuba ingxaki isiba mandundu, ukukhula kwe-astigmatism kwaye kunokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

I-Keratoconus ihlala ifunyanwa ngexesha lokufikisa. Isenokukhula nakubantu abadala.

Olona vavanyo luchanekileyo kule ngxaki lubizwa ngokuba yi-corneal topography, eyenza imephu yegophe le-cornea.

Ukuvavanywa kwesibane se-cornea kunokuchonga isifo kwinqanaba elizayo.

Uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-pachymetry lungasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea.

Iilensi zonxibelelwano zezona nyango ziphambili kwizigulana ezine-keratoconus. Iilensi zinokubonelela ngombono olungileyo, kodwa ayinyangi okanye ayimise imeko. Kubantu abanale meko, ukunxiba iiglasi zangaphandle ngaphandle emva kokuchongwa kunokunceda ukucotha okanye ukuthintela inkqubela phambili yesi sifo. Kule minyaka mininzi, unyango kuphela kotyando kukufakelwa komzimba.

Obu buchwephesha butsha bulandelayo bunokulibazisa okanye kuthintele imfuno yokufakwa kwenye into ngaphakathi:

• Amandla erediyo ephezulu kakhulu (ikeratoplasty eqhubayo) utshintsha ubume be-cornea ukuze iilensi zonxibelelwano zilunge ngakumbi.
• Ukufakwa kweCorneal (iziqwengana zeringi yangaphakathi) tshintsha ubume be-cornea ukuze iilensi zonxibelelwano zilunge ngakumbi
• Ukudityaniswa kwe-colneal collagen enqamlezayo Unyango olwenza ukuba i-cornea iqine. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuthintela imeko ukuba mandundu. Inokubakho kwakhona indlela yokuyila kwakhona i-cornea ngokulungiswa kombono we-laser.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umbono unokulungiswa ngeelensi zoqhakamshelwano lweerhasi eziqinileyo.

Ukuba ukufakelwa kwe-corneal kuyadingeka, iziphumo zihlala zilungile. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokubuyisela lingade. Abantu abaninzi basadinga iilensi zonxibelelwano emva kotyando.

Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, i-cornea ingancipha ukuya kwindawo apho umngxuma ukhula kwindawo ebhityileyo.

Kukho umngcipheko wokulahlwa emva kokufakelwa kwe-cornea, kodwa umngcipheko uphantsi kakhulu kunezinye izitho zomzimba.

Akufanele ube nokulungiswa kombono we-laser (njenge-LASIK) ukuba unayo nayiphi na inqanaba le-keratoconus.I-Corneal topography yenziwa kwangaphambili ukulawula abantu abanale meko.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ezinye iinkqubo zokulungiswa kombono we-laser, ezinje nge-PRK, zinokukhuseleka kubantu abane-keratoconus emnene. Oku kunokuba kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kubantu abane-corneal collagen enqamlezayo.

Abantu abancinci abanombono ongenakulungiswa ukuya kwi-20/20 ngeiglasi kufuneka bahlolwe ngugqirha wamehlo oqhelene ne-keratoconus. Abazali abane-keratoconus kufuneka baqwalasele ukuba abantwana babo bahlolwe isifo ukuqala kwiminyaka eyi-10.

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela le meko. Uninzi lwabanikezeli benkonzo yezempilo bakholelwa ukuba abantu kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okulawula ukungahambi kakuhle komzimba kunye nokuphepha ukuthambisa amehlo abo.

Umbono utshintsho - keratoconus

• ICornea

IHernández-Quintela E, Sánchez-Huerta V, García-Albisua AM, Gulias-Cañizo R.Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokusebenza kwe-keratoconus kunye ne-ectasia. Ku: Azar DT, ed. Uqhaqho olwenziwa. Ngomhla wesi-3. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 12.

IHersh PS, iRD Stulting, iMuller D, iDurrie DS, iRajpal RK; I-United States yeCrosslinking Study Group. I-United States iMulticenter Trial Trial yeCorneal Collagen Crosslinking yoNyango lweKeratoconus. Ophthalmology. Ngo-2017; 124 (9): 1259-1270. IINKCUKACHA: 28495149 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28495149/.

Iswekile J, Garcia-Zalisnak DE. I-Keratoconus kunye nezinye ii-ectasias. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ii-eds. Ophthalmology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahl. 4.18.