I-Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

I-Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) yimeko yexesha elide (engapheliyo) yemiphunga echaphazela iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ezazifakwa kumatshini wokuphefumla emva kokuzalwa okanye zazalwa kwangoko (ngaphambi kwexesha).

I-BPD ivela kwiintsana ezigula kakhulu ezifumana amanqanaba aphezulu eoksijini ixesha elide. I-BPD inokuthi yenzeke nakwiintsana ezazisematshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator).

I-BPD ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezizalwe kwangoko (ngaphambi kwexesha), ezinemiphunga engakhange ikhule ngokupheleleyo ekuzalweni.

Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Isifo sentliziyo esibelekwe (ingxaki ngesakhiwo sentliziyo kunye nomsebenzi okhoyo ekuzalweni)
• Ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili, ngesiqhelo kwiintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-32 zokukhulelwa
• Unyango olunamandla lokuphefumla okanye lwemiphunga

Umngcipheko we-BPD enqabileyo uye wehla kule minyaka idlulileyo.

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Umbala wesikhumba esimnyama (cyanosis)
• Khohlela
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Uvavanyo olunokuthi lwenziwe ukufumanisa i-BPD lubandakanya:

• Irhasi yegazi ejikelezayo
• Isifuba se-CT scan
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-oximetry yentliziyo

ESIBHEDLELE

Iintsana ezineengxaki zokuphefumla zihlala zifakwa kumatshini wokuphefumla. Lo ngumatshini wokuphefumla othumela uxinzelelo kwimiphunga yosana ukuze ihlale inomoya kwaye ihambise ioksijini engaphezulu. Njengoko imiphunga yomntwana ikhula, uxinzelelo kunye neoksijini ziyancipha kancinci. Umntwana ulunyulwe kwinto yokuphefumla. Usana lungaqhubeka nokufumana ioksijini ngesigqumathelo okanye ityhubhu yempumlo kangangeeveki okanye iinyanga.

Iintsana ezine-BPD zihlala zondliwa ziityhubhu ezifakwe esiswini (ityhubhu ye-NG). Ezi ntsana zifuna iikhalori ezingaphezulu ngenxa yeenzame zokuphefumla. Ukugcina imiphunga ingazaliswa lulwelo, ukufunxa kwabo ulwelo kunokufuna ukuba kuncitshiswe. Banokunikwa amayeza (i-diuretics) asusa amanzi emzimbeni. Amanye amayeza angabandakanya i-corticosteroids, i-bronchodilators kunye ne-surfactant. I-Surfactant yinto emtyibilizi, efana nesepha emiphungeni enceda imiphunga igcwalise umoya kwaye igcina iingxowa zomoya zingangcolisi.

Abazali bezi ntsana bafuna inkxaso yemvakalelo. Kungenxa yokuba iBPD ithatha ixesha ukuze ibengcono kwaye usana lunokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele ixesha elide.

EKHAYA

Iintsana ezine-BPD zingadinga unyango lweoksijini iiveki ukuya kwiinyanga emva kokuphuma esibhedlele. Landela imiyalelo yomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana isondlo esaneleyo ngexesha lokuchacha. Umntwana wakho unokufuna ukondliwa ngeetyhubhu okanye iifomula ezizodwa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela usana lwakho ekubeni lungenwe yingqele nolunye usulelo, olunjenge-RSV). I-RSV inokubangela usuleleko olunamandla lwemiphunga, ngakumbi umntwana one-BPD.

Indlela elula yokunceda ukuthintela usulelo lwe-RSV kukuhlamba izandla rhoqo. Landela la manyathelo:

• Hlamba izandla zakho ngamanzi ashushu kunye nesepha ngaphambi kokuchukumisa usana lwakho. Xelela abanye ukuba bahlambe izandla, nabo, ngaphambi kokuchukumisa usana lwakho.
• Buza abanye ukuba baphephe ukunxibelelana nosana lwakho ukuba banokubanda okanye umkhuhlane, okanye ubacele ukuba banxibe imaski.
• Qaphela ukuba ukumanga umntwana wakho kunokusasaza i-RSV.
• Zama ukugcina abantwana abancinci kude nosana lwakho. I-RSV ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci kwaye isasazeka ngokulula ukusuka kumntwana kuye emntwaneni.
• SUKUTSHAYA ngaphakathi endlwini, emotweni, okanye naphi na kufutshane nosana lwakho. Ukuvezwa komsi wecuba kwandisa umngcipheko wokugula kweRSV.

Abazali beentsana ezine-BPD kufuneka baphephe izihlwele ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwe-RSV. Ukuqhamka kuhlala kuchazwa ngamajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni.

Umboneleli wosana lwakho unokumisela iyeza palivizumab (Synagis) ukuthintela usulelo lwe-RSV kusana lwakho. Landela imiyalelo yendlela onika ngayo olu sana lwakho usana.

Iintsana ezine-BPD ziba ngcono kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Unyango lweoksijini lunokufuneka kwiinyanga ezininzi. Ezinye iintsana zinomonakalo wamaphaphu wexesha elide kwaye zifuna ioksijini kunye nenkxaso yokuphefumla, njengaleyo yokuphefumla. Abanye abantwana abanale meko abanakuphila.

Iintsana ezine-BPD zisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphindaphindeka kwezifo zokuphefumla, ezinje nge-pneumonia, bronchiolitis, kunye ne-RSV efuna ukuhlala esibhedlele.

Ezinye iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kwiintsana ezine-BPD zezi:

• Iingxaki zophuhliso
• Ukukhula kakubi
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yemiphunga)
• Ixesha elide imiphunga kunye neengxaki zokuphefumla ezinje ngokuqhekeka okanye i-bronchiectasis

Ukuba umntwana wakho uneBPD, jonga naziphi na iingxaki zokuphefumla. Tsalela umnikezeli womntwana wakho ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zentsholongwane yokuphefumla.

Ukunceda ukukhusela i-BPD:

• Thintela ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha xa kunokwenzeka. Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye ucinga ngokukhulelwa, fumana ukhathalelo lwaphambi kokubeleka ukukunceda ugcine wena kunye nosana lwakho nisempilweni.
• Ukuba usana lwakho lusenkxaso yokuphefumla, cela umboneleli ukuba umntwana wakho angalunyulwa msinyane kangakanani kumoya wokuphefumla.
• Usana lwakho lunokufumana isixhobo sokusebenza ukuze sincede ukugcina imiphunga ivulekile.

I-BPD; Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga - abantwana; I-CLD - abantwana

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