Umkhuhlane wentili

Umkhuhlane we-Valley yintsholongwane eyenzekayo xa i-spores yefungus ICoccidioides immitis ngena emzimbeni wakho ngemiphunga.

Umkhuhlane we-Valley fever usuleleko lomngundo oluqhele ukubonwa kwimimandla esentlango kumazantsi mpuma eUnited States, nakuMbindi nase Mzantsi Melika. Uyifumana ngokuphefumla kwifungus esemhlabeni. Usulelo luqala emiphungeni. Ihlala ichaphazela abantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.

I-Valley fever inokuthiwa yi coccidioidomycosis.

Ukuya kwindawo apho kubonwa khona ukungunda kunyusa umngcipheko kwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlakulele usulelo olunzulu ukuba uhlala apho ifungus ifunyenwe kwaye unamajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa:

• Unyango lwe-anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
• Umhlaza
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Amayeza eglucocorticoid (prednisone)
• Iimeko zentliziyo nemiphunga
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / uGawulayo
• Ukufakelwa komzimba
• Ukukhulelwa (ngakumbi kwikota yokuqala yokuqala)

Abantu boMdabu waseMelika, iAfrika, okanye inzala yasePhilippines bachaphazeleka ngokungafaniyo.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-fever fever alunazo iimpawu. Abanye banokuba neempawu ezibandayo okanye ezinjengomkhuhlane okanye iimpawu zenyumoniya. Ukuba iimpawu zenzeka, ziqala kwiintsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwezi-21 emva kokuvezwa kwintsholongwane.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Iqatha, iinyawo nomlenze udumbile
• Intlungu yesifuba (ingahluka ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima)
• Isikhohlela, mhlawumbi sivelisa i-phlegm ene-blood (sputum)
• Umkhuhlane nobusuku ukubila
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuqina ngokudibeneyo kunye nentlungu okanye iintlungu zemisipha
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Iintlungu ezibomvu, ezibomvu kwimilenze esezantsi (i-erythema nodosum)

Rhoqo, usulelo lusasazeka ukusuka emiphungeni ngokungena kwegazi ukubandakanya ulusu, amathambo, amalunga, i-lymph node, kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous system okanye amanye amalungu. Oku kusasazeka kubizwa ngokuba kukusasazwa kwecoccidioidomycosis.

Abantu abanolu hlobo lusasazekayo banokugula kakhulu. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Guqula imeko yengqondo
• Ukwandiswa okanye ukuhambisa ii-lymph node
• Ukudumba ngokudibeneyo
• Iimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zemiphunga
• Ukuqina kweNeck
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Izilonda zolusu zomkhuhlane wentili zihlala zingumqondiso wesifo esixhaphakileyo (esisasazwayo). Ngosulelo oluxhaphakileyo, izilonda zesikhumba okanye izilonda zibonakala ebusweni.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu kunye nembali yokuhamba. Uvavanyo olwenziwe kwiindlela ezinobuzaza zosulelo lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela usulelo lwecoccidioides (ukungunda okubangela umkhuhlane we-Valley)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Inkcubeko yesikhohlela
• Isikhohlela smear (uvavanyo lweKOH)

Uvavanyo olwenziwe kwiindlela ezinobuzaza okanye ezixhaphakileyo zosulelo zibandakanya:

• I-Biopsy ye-lymph node, imiphunga, okanye isibindi
• Umongo wethambo
• I-Bronchoscopy ngokuhlamba
• Impompo yomqolo (i-lumbar puncture) yokuphelisa i-meningitis

Ukuba unamajoni omzimba asempilweni, esi sifo siphantse sihlale siphela ngaphandle konyango. Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ukuphumla kokulala kunye nonyango lweempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane de umkhuhlane wakho unyamalale.

Ukuba unesistim somzimba esibuthathaka, unokufuna unyango lwe-antifungal nge-amphotericin B, i-fluconazole, okanye i-itraconazole. I-Itraconazole sisiyobisi esikhethiweyo kubantu abaneentlungu ezidibeneyo okanye zemisipha.

Ngamanye amaxesha utyando luyafuneka ukususa indawo enesifo semiphunga (yesifo esinganyangekiyo okanye esibi).

Uqhuba kakuhle kangakanani kuxhomekeke kwisifo onaso nakwimpilo yakho iphela.

Isiphumo sesifo esibuhlungu sinokulunga. Ngonyango, iziphumo zihlala zilungile kwisifo esinganyangekiyo okanye esibi (nangona ukubuyela umva kunokwenzeka). Abantu abanesifo abasasazekileyo banamazinga aphezulu okusweleka.

Ukusasazeka komkhuhlane wentlambo kunokubangela:

• Ukuqokelelwa kwe-pus kwimiphunga (ithumba lemiphunga)
• Ukurhawuzelela komphunga

Ezi ngxaki zinokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba une-immune system ebuthathaka.

Biza ukuqeshwa kunye nomboneleli wakho ukuba uneempawu zentsholongwane yomfula okanye ukuba imeko yakho ayiphuculanga ngonyango.

Abantu abaneengxaki zokuzikhusela kwizifo (ezinje nge-HIV / AIDS kunye nabo bakumachiza acinezela amajoni omzimba) akufuneki baye kwiindawo apho ifunyanwa khona le fungus. Ukuba sele uhlala kwezi ndawo, amanye amanyathelo anokuthathwa abandakanya:

• Ukuvala iifestile ngexesha lomoya ovuthuzayo
• Ukuphepha imisebenzi ebandakanya ukuphatha umhlaba, njengokulima igadi

Thatha amayeza othintelo njengoko kumiselwe ngumboneleli wakho.

Umkhuhlane weSan Joaquin Valley; Coccidioidomycosis; Cocci; I-rheumatism yasentlango

• ICoccidioidomycosis - i-x-ray yesifuba
• I-pululemon nodule - umbono wangaphambili wesifuba x-ray
• Kusasazwa icoccidioidomycosis
• Ngundo

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Umkhuhlane wentili (coccidioidomycosis). www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Okthobha 28, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoDisemba 1, 2020.

Elewski BE, Hughey LC, Hunt KM, Hay RJ. Izifo zefungal. Ku: I-Bolognia JL, uSchaffer JV, uCerroni L, ii-eds. Dermatology. Ngomhla we-4.IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 77.

UGalgiani JN. ICoccidioidomycosis (IiCoccidioides iintlobo). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 265.