IHantavirus

IHantavirus sisifo esosongela ubomi esosulela ebantwini ngeempuku.

IHantavirus ithwalwa ziimpuku, ngakumbi iimpuku zexhama. Le ntsholongwane ifumaneka kumchamo nakwindle yabo, kodwa ayiyigulisi ibhokhwe leyo.

Kukholelwa ukuba abantu bangagula ngale ntsholongwane ukuba baphefumla uthuli olungcolisekileyo olusuka kwindlwana okanye ilindle. Unokudibana nothuli olunjalo xa ucoca amakhaya, iishedi, okanye ezinye iindawo ezivalelweyo ekudala zingenanto.

I-Hantavirus ayibonakali isasazeka isuka ebantwini iye ebantwini.

Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo se-hantavirus ziyafana nomkhuhlane kwaye zibandakanya:

• Ukugodola
• Ifiva
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha

Abantu abane-hantavirus banokuqala ukuziva bhetele ixesha elincinci. Kodwa kwithuba leentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2, kuba nzima ukuphefumla. Esi sifo siba mandundu ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukukhohlela owomileyo
• Imvakalelo yokugula ngokubanzi (malaise)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Oku kunokutyhila:

• Imiphunga engaqhelekanga ivakala njengesiphumo sokudumba
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (hypotension)
• Amanqanaba eoksijini egazi asezantsi, abangela ukuba ulusu lujika umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga iimpawu zehantavirus (ubukho beentsholongwane kwintsholongwane)
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Gqibezela ipaneli yokuhambisa
• Uvavanyo lwezintso kunye nesibindi
• X-ray esifubeni
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwesifuba

Abantu abane-hantavirus bayangeniswa esibhedlele, rhoqo kwigumbi labagula kakhulu (ICU).

Unyango lubandakanya:

• Ioksijini
• Ukuphefumla ityhubhu okanye umatshini wokuphefumla kwiimeko ezinzima
• Oomatshini abakhethekileyo ukongeza ioksijini egazini
• Olunye ukhathalelo lokuxhasa ukunyanga iimpawu

I-Hantavirus sisifo esibi esiya sisiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza. Ukungaphumeleli kwemiphunga kunokwenzeka kwaye kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Nokuba uphathwa gadalala, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha esinye sabantu abanesi sifo emiphungeni yabo bayafa.

Iingxaki zehantavirus zingabandakanya:

• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo kunye nemiphunga

Ezi ngxaki zinokukhokelela ekufeni.

Tsalela umnxeba umboneleli wakho ukuba uvelisa iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane emva kokuba udibene nelahleko yempuku okanye umchamo wentonga, okanye uthuli olungcoliswe zezi zinto.

Kulumkele ukubhengeza umchamo wentonga kunye nelahla.

• Sela amanzi abulewe zintsholongwane.
• Xa usenkampini, lala phantsi komhlaba kunye nephedi.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho licocekile. Cima indawo ezinokuhlala kuyo kwaye ucoce ikhitshi lakho.

Ukuba kufuneka usebenze kwindawo apho unokunxibelelana nomchamo wentonga okanye ilindle kunokwenzeka, landela ezi ngcebiso zivela kumaziko oLawulo lweZifo noKhuseleko (CDC):

• Xa uvula ikhabhathi engasetyenziswanga, ishedi, okanye esinye isakhiwo, vula zonke iingcango kunye neefestile, ushiye isakhiwo, kwaye uvumele indawo ukuba ikhuphe imizuzu engama-30.
• Buyela kwisakhiwo kwaye ufeze umphezulu, ikhaphethi kunye nezinye iindawo ngesibulali-ntsholongwane. Shiya isakhiwo eminye imizuzu engama-30.
• Fafaza iindlwana zeempuku kunye nelahla ngesisombululo se-10% se-chlorine bleach okanye isibulala-zintsholongwane esifanayo. Vumela ukuba ihlale imizuzu engama-30. Sebenzisa iiglavu zerabha, beka izinto ezingxoweni zeplastiki. Zitywinwe iingxowa kwaye uzilahle emgqomeni okanye kwisitovu. Lahla iiglavu kunye nezinto zokucoca ngendlela efanayo.
• Hlamba yonke imiphezulu kunye ne-bleach okanye isisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane. Gwema ukukhupha kuze kube yilapho indawo ichithwe kakuhle. Emva koko, coca amaxesha ambalwa okuqala ngomoya owaneleyo. Iimaski zotyando zinokubonelela ngokhuseleko.
• Ukuba une-infestation enzima yeefuku, fowunela inkampani yokulawula izinambuzane. Banezixhobo ezizodwa zokucoca kunye neendlela.

Isifo seHantavirus pulmonary syndrome; Umkhuhlane weHemorrhagic onesifo sezintso

• Intsholongwane kaHanta
• Isishwankathelo senkqubo yokuphefumla

IBente DA. I-California encephalitis, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, kunye nefivavirus hemorrhagic fever. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. UMandell, uDouglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezosulelayo, uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 168.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. IHantavirus. www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 31, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoFebruwari 14, 2019.

UPeteren LR, uKsiazek TG. Iintsholongwane zeZoonotic. Ku: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, ii-eds. Izifo ezosulelayo. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 175.