I-hypoxia yengqondo

I-cerebral hypoxia yenzeka xa kungekho oksijini yaneleyo yokungena kwingqondo. Ingqondo ifuna unikezelo rhoqo lweoksijini kunye nezondlo ukuze isebenze.

I-Cerebral hypoxia ichaphazela ezona ndawo zinkulu zobuchopho, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-hemispheres ze-cerebral hemispheres. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kukungabikho konikezelo lweoksijini kwingqondo iphela.

Kwi-cerebral hypoxia, ngamanye amaxesha kuphela kukuhanjiswa kweoksijini. Oku kunokubangelwa:

• Ukuphefumla umsi (ukuphefumla umsi), njengaxa kutsha
• Ityhefu yecarbon monoxide
• Ukukrwitsha
• Izifo ezithintela ukuhamba (ukukhubazeka) kwezihlunu zokuphefumla, ezinje nge-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Iindawo eziphakamileyo
• Uxinzelelo ku (ucinezelo) i-windpipe (i-trachea)
• Ukukhubazeka

Kwezinye iimeko, zombini ioksijini kunye nokunikezelwa kwezondlo kuyamiswa, kubangelwa:

• Ukubanjwa kwentliziyo (xa intliziyo iyeka ukupompa)
• I-cardiac arrhythmia (iingxaki zentliziyo)
• Iingxaki zeanesthesia ngokubanzi
• Ukurhaxwa
• Libanda, iziyobisi
• Ukonzakala kusana olusandula kuzalwa olwenzeke ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, njengokukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Ukubetha
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kakhulu

Iiseli zobuchopho zinobuthathaka kakhulu kukungabikho kweoksijini. Ezinye iiseli zobuchopho ziqala ukufa ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emi-5 emva kokuba ioksijini inyamalale. Ngenxa yoko, i-hypoxia yengqondo inokubangela ukonakala kwengqondo okanye ukufa ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu ze-hypoxia yobuchopho obuthathaka zibandakanya:

• Guqula ingqalelo (ukungakhathaleli)
• Ukugweba ngokungafanelekanga
• Intshukumo engahambelaniyo

Iimpawu ze-hypoxia ebukhali zibandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ukungazi nokungaphenduli (ikhoma)
• Akukho kuphefumla
• Akukho mpendulo yabafundi ekukhanyeni

I-hypoxia yeCerebral inokuchongwa ngokusekwe kwimbali yezonyango yomntu kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Uvavanyo lwenziwe ukufumanisa unobangela wehypoxia, kwaye inokubandakanya:

• I-Angiogram yobuchopho
• Uvavanyo lwegazi, kubandakanya iarterial gases zegazi kunye nenqanaba leekhemikhali zegazi
• Ukuvavanywa kwentloko kwe-CT
• I-Echocardiogram, esebenzisa i-ultrasound ukujonga intliziyo
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG), umlinganiselo wentsebenzo yombane wentliziyo
• I-Electroencephalogram (i-EEG), uvavanyo lwamaza engqondo anokuchonga ukubanjwa kwaye abonise ukuba iiseli zengqondo zisebenza njani
• Amandla okususa, uvavanyo oluchaza ukuba iimvakalelo ezithile, ezinje ngombono kunye nokuchukumisa, ziyafikelela kwingqondo
• Imagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yentloko

Ukuba kuphela uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo kuya kuhlala, ingqondo inokufa ngokupheleleyo.

I-cerebral hypoxia yimeko engxamisekileyo ekufuneka inyangwe kwangoko. Ngokukhawuleza ukubuyiselwa kweoksijini kubuyiselwe kwingqondo, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokonzakala kwengqondo kunye nokufa.

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu sehypoxia. Inkxaso yobomi esisiseko ibaluleke kakhulu. Unyango lubandakanya:

• Uncedo lokuphefumla (umoya ongenisa umoya) kunye neoksijini
• Ukulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nesingqisho
• Ulwelo, iimveliso zegazi, okanye amayeza okunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi ukuba liphantsi
• Amayeza okanye ii-anesthetics ngokubanzi zokuthomalalisa ukuxhuzula

Ngamanye amaxesha umntu one-hypoxia yecerebral uyaphola ukuthoba isantya somsebenzi weeseli zobuchopho kunye nokunciphisa isidingo seoksijini. Nangona kunjalo, uncedo lonyango aluzange lusekwe ngokuqinileyo.

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kubungakanani bokwenzakala kwengqondo. Oku kugqitywe ukuba ingqondo yayingenayo i-oksijini ixesha elingakanani, nokuba ingaba ukondleka kwengqondo nako kuchaphazele.

Ukuba ingqondo ayinayo ioksijini kangangexesha nje elifutshane, ikhoma linokubuyela umva kwaye umntu abenokubuya ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. Abanye abantu bafumana imisebenzi emininzi, kodwa baneentshukumo ezingaqhelekanga, ezinje ngokujijisa okanye ukujija, okubizwa ngokuba yimyoclonus. Ukuxhamla ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka, kwaye kunokuqhubeka (imeko ye-epilepticus).

Uninzi lwabantu abachacha ngokupheleleyo bebengazi nto ngokufutshane. Okukhona umntu engazi nto, kokukhona ephezulu ingozi yokufa okanye yokufa kwengqondo, kunye namathuba okuba achache kwakhona.

Iingxaki ze-hypoxia ye-cerebral zibandakanya imeko yokutya engapheliyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu anganemisebenzi yobomi esisiseko, njengokuphefumla, uxinzelelo lwegazi, umjikelo wokulala, kunye nokuvula amehlo, kodwa umntu akaphaphami kwaye akaphenduli kwindawo emngqongileyo. Aba bantu bahlala besweleka kungaphelanga unyaka, nangona abanye besenokuphila ixesha elide.

Ubude bexesha lokuphila buxhomekeke ngokuyinxenye kukhathalelo oluthathiweyo ukunqanda ezinye iingxaki. Iingxaki ezinkulu zinokubandakanya:

• Izilonda zokulala
• Amahlwili emithanjeni (i-vein thrombosis enzulu)
• Usulelo lwemiphunga (inyumoniya)
• Ukungondleki

I-cerebral hypoxia ngxamisekileyo kwezonyango. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntu ulahlekelwa sisazela okanye ezinye iimpawu ze-cerebral hypoxia.

Uthintelo luxhomekeke kwisizathu esithile sehypoxia. Ngelishwa, i-hypoxia ihlala ingalindelekanga. Oku kwenza imeko enzima ukuyithintela.

Ukuvuselelwa kweCardiopulmonary (CPR) kunokusindisa ubomi, ngakumbi xa iqala kwangoko.

Ukunyanzeliswa kwengqondo; Unyango lwe-anoxic

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IGreer DM, uBernat JL. I-Coma, imeko yezityalo, kunye nokufa kwengqondo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 376.

I-Lumb AB, uThomas C. Hypoxia. Ku: Lumb AB, Thomas C, ed. INunn kunye neLumb's Applied Respiratory Physiology. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 23.