Isibindi: apho ikhoyo, imisebenzi kunye nezifo eziphambili

Umxholo

• Imisebenzi ephambili
• 1. Ukwetyiswa kwamafutha
• 2. Ukugcinwa kweglucose kunye nokukhululwa
• 3. Ukuveliswa kweeproteni
• 4. Ukuphelisa iityhefu
• 5. Ukuveliswa kwecholesterol
• 6. Ukugcinwa kweevithamini kunye neeminerali
• 7. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi
• 8. Ummiselo wokujiya kwegazi
• 9. Utshintsho lwe-ammonia kwi-urea
• 10. Imetabolism yeziyobisi
• 11. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamagciwane
• Izifo ezinkulu zesibindi
• 1. Isibindi esinamafutha
• 2. IHepatitis
• 3. Isibindi
• 4. Ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi
• 5. Umhlaza
• Uvavanyo lwezifo zesibindi kwi-Intanethi
• Uya nini kwagqirha

Isibindi lilungu elilelenkqubo yokwetyisa, ebekwe kwinxalenye ephezulu yesisu, ezantsi kwidayaphragm nangaphezulu kwesisu, izintso zasekunene kunye namathumbu. Eli lungu limalunga ne-20 cm ubude, linobunzima obujikeleze i-1.5 kg emadodeni kunye ne-1.2 kg kwabasetyhini kwaye lahlulwe laya kwi-4 lobes: ekunene, ekhohlo, kwi-caudate nakwisikwere.

Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yesibindi kukucoca igazi kunye nokuphelisa ityhefu, kodwa ikwaneminye imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo njengokuvelisa iiproteni, izinto ezijiyisayo, i-triglycerides, i-cholesterol kunye ne-bile, umzekelo.

Isibindi sinamandla amakhulu okuhlaziya kwaye yiyo loo nto kunokwenzeka ukuba unikezele ngenxalenye yeli lungu, wenze umnikelo ebomini. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi izifo ezinokuchaphazela eli lungu, njenge-hepatitis, amanqatha esibindi okanye i-cirrhosis. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba ubonane ne-hepatologist ukuba zikhona iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonise isifo esifana nentlungu esiswini esingaphezulu okanye isikhumba esimthubi okanye amehlo. Jonga ezona mpawu zinokubonisa ingxaki yesibindi.

Imisebenzi ephambili

Isibindi lilungu elenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni:

1. Ukwetyiswa kwamafutha

Isibindi lelona lungu liphambili elithatha inxaxheba ekwetyisweni kwamafutha ekutyeni ngokuvelisa inyongo, incindi yokwetyisa, ekwaziyo ukwahlula amanqatha kwii-acid ezinamafutha, ezifakwe ngokulula emathunjini amancinci.

Ukongeza, i-bile ithomalalisa kwaye inyibilikise isisu esiswini kwaye ine-bilirubin, into eluhlaza-tyheli enika umbala kwizitulo.

2. Ukugcinwa kweglucose kunye nokukhululwa

Isibindi sisusa i-glucose engaphezulu kwigazi kwaye siyigcine njenge-glycogen, esebenza njengomthombo wamandla, ukugcina iswekile yegazi phakathi kokutya kunye nokusebenza njengendawo yokugcina iswekile emzimbeni. Njengoko kufuneka, eli lungu linokuguqula iglycogen ibuyele kwiswekile, ilithumele egazini ukuze lisetyenziswe zezinye izicubu.

Ukongeza, isibindi siyakwazi ukuguqula i-galactose kunye ne-fructose kwi-glucose ukuze isetyenziswe njengomthombo wamandla.

3. Ukuveliswa kweeproteni

Isibindi sivelisa uninzi lweeproteni ezifumaneka egazini, ikakhulu ialbumin, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ubungakanani begazi, ekuhanjisweni kolwelo emzimbeni nasekuthuthweni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo egazini njenge bilirubin, fatty acids, iihomoni, iivithamini, ii-enzymes, isinyithi, ion kunye namanye amayeza.

Ezinye iiproteni eziveliswa sisibindi zibandakanya i-transferrin, ehambisa isinyithi kwipeni kunye nomongo wethambo, kunye nefibrinogen, ebalulekileyo ekunqandeni igazi.

4. Ukuphelisa iityhefu

Isibindi sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni umzimba kwizinto eziyityhefu ezinje ngotywala, umzekelo, ngokuba nakho ukucoca igazi, ukususa iityhefu ezithunyelwa kwizintso kwaye zikhutshwe ngomchamo.

5. Ukuveliswa kwecholesterol

Isibindi sivelisa i-cholesterol evela kukutya okunamafutha aphezulu, athi ke asiwe egazini ziimolekyuli ezibizwa ngokuba ziipoprotein, ezinjenge-LDL kunye ne-HDL.

Ikholesterol iyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwesiqhelo komzimba, ithatha inxaxheba kwimveliso yevithamini D, iihomoni ezinje nge testosterone kunye ne-estrogen, kunye ne-bile acid enyibilikisa amafutha, ukongeza kubukho bembumba yazo zonke iiseli emzimbeni.

6. Ukugcinwa kweevithamini kunye neeminerali

Isibindi sigcina iivithamini A, B12, D, E kunye no-K, ezifunxwa ngokutya kwaye zisasaze emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Ezi vithamini zibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwezicubu zolusu, ukuphucula impilo yamehlo, ukomeleza amajoni omzimba, ukongeza ekomelezeni amathambo namazinyo.

Ezinye izimbiwa, ezinje ngentsimbi kunye nobhedu, nazo zigcinwa esibindini kwaye zibalulekile ekuphenduleni kweekhemikhali emzimbeni, njengokuveliswa kwamandla okugcina ukusebenza kweeseli, ukudityaniswa kweeproteni ezinje nge-collagen kunye ne-elastin, ukuzikhusela kwiradicals yasimahla. kunye nokwenziwa kweeproteni esibindini.

7. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi

Isibindi sihlala sithatha inxaxheba ekutshatyalalisweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezihlala umndilili weentsuku ezili-120.

Xa ezi seli zindala okanye zingaqhelekanga, isibindi siyetyisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye sikhuphe isinyithi esiqulethwe zezo seli singene egazini ukuze umongo wethambo uvelise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

8. Ummiselo wokujiya kwegazi

Isibindi sithatha inxaxheba kummiselo we-clotting yegazi ngokwandisa ukufunxeka kwe-vitamin K ngemveliso yenyongo, ukongeza ekugcineni le vithamini kwiiseli zayo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekusebenziseni iiplatelets ezikhuthaza ukujiya kwegazi.

9. Utshintsho lwe-ammonia kwi-urea

Isibindi siguqula i-ammonia, evela kwimetabolism yeeproteni zokutya, kwaye inetyhefu emzimbeni, iye kwi-urea, ivumela le nto ukuba isuswe ngomchamo.

10. Imetabolism yeziyobisi

Isibindi lelona lungu liphambili elisebenzisa amayeza, utywala kunye neziyobisi, kuba zivelisa ii-enzyme ezonakalisa kwaye zingasebenzi kwezi zinto, zithanda ukupheliswa ngomchamo okanye ilindle.

Lo msebenzi wesibindi kubalulekile ukukhusela ukunxila kwezi ntlobo zezinto, kodwa kunokuba kubalulekile ukuba kusebenze amayeza athile afana ne-omeprazole okanye i-capecitabine, ekufuneka idityaniswe sisibindi ukuze isebenze.

11. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamagciwane

Isibindi sineeseli zokhuselo, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli zeKupffer, ezinakho ukutshabalalisa ii-microorganisms ezinjengeentsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya ezinokungena esibindini emathunjini, zibangele izifo.

Ukongeza, ezi seli ziyakwazi ukuxhathisa usulelo ngokwenza iimeko ze-immunological kunye nokususa iibhaktheriya kwigazi.

Izifo ezinkulu zesibindi

Nangona lilungu elinganyangekiyo, kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela isibindi. Rhoqo, umntu usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu, ekugqibeleni afumanise utshintsho kwiimvavanyo zesiqhelo ezivavanya ii-enzymes zesibindi ezinje nge-ALT, AST, GGT, alkaline phosphatase kunye ne-bilirubin, okanye ngovavanyo lwe-imaging njenge-tomography okanye i-ultrasound, umzekelo.

Izifo eziphambili ezinokuchaphazela isibindi zibandakanya:

1. Isibindi esinamafutha

Isibindi esinamafutha, esaziwa ngokwenzululwazi njengesibindi esinamafutha, senzeka xa kukho amafutha amaninzi esibindini, ahlala ebangelwa kukusela kakhulu iziselo ezinxilisayo, ukutya okungalunganga okanye izifo ezifana nokutyeba kakhulu, isifo seswekile kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.

Ekuqaleni, isibindi esinamanqatha asibangeli zimpawu, kodwa kumanqanaba okuqhubela phambili kunokubangela ukuvela kweempawu ezinjengeentlungu esiswini, ukwehla kobunzima, ukudinwa kunye nokuqaqanjelwa sisisu ngokubanzi, isicaphucaphu nokugabha, umzekelo. Unyango lubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunye / okanye unyango lwezifo olunokuthi lubangele ukufumba kwamafutha esibindini. Jonga indlela ukutya okunesibindi okunamafutha ekufuneka kwenziwe ngayo.

2. IHepatitis

I-Hepatitis kukudumba kwesibindi okunokwenzeka ngenxa yosulelo yi-hepatitis A, B, C, D okanye E intsholongwane, kodwa kuqhelekile nakubantu abasebenzisa gwenxa utywala, amayeza okanye iziyobisi. Ukongeza, ezinye izifo ezizimeleyo kunye nokukhuluphala kunokwandisa umngcipheko we-hepatitis.

Ezona mpawu zixhaphake kakhulu lulusu olumthubi okanye amehlo kwaye unyango luxhomekeke kwinto ebangele oku. Funda kabanzi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hepatitis kunye nendlela ephathwa ngayo.

3. Isibindi

I-Cirrhosis yenzeka xa ityhefu, utywala, amanqatha esibindini okanye i-hepatitis ibangela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokusisigxina kweeseli zesibindi, ibangela ukuba ezi seli zitshintshwe ziithambo ezinemicu, ngokungathi sisilonda, ethintela umsebenzi weli lungu, elinokukhokelela ekusileleni kwesibindi .

Esi sifo sinokungazibonakalisi iimpawu xa sikwinqanaba lokuqala, kodwa kwiimeko eziphambili kakhulu kunokubangela iintlungu esiswini, umchamo omnyama okanye isitulo esimhlophe, umzekelo. Funda ezinye iimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi kunye nendlela olwenziwa ngayo unyango.

4. Ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi

Ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi sesona sifo sesibindi esibi kakhulu, njengoko sisilele ukwenza imisebenzi yaso kwaye kungakhokelela kuthotho lweengxaki ezinje ngokuthintela iingxaki, i-edema yobuchopho, usulelo lwe-pulmonary okanye ukusilela kwezintso.

Esi sifo sihlala sivela emva kweminyaka emininzi yomonakalo wesibindi ophindaphindiweyo, obangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, i-hepatitis, i-cirrhosis, isibindi esinamafutha, umhlaza okanye izifo ezenzekelayo kwaye unyango lwayo phantse lusenziwa ngokufakelwa kwesibindi. Fumanisa ukuba kwenziwa njani ukufakelwa isibindi.

5. Umhlaza

Umhlaza wesibindi luhlobo lwethumba elibi elokuthi xa lisekuqaleni lingabinazo iimpawu, kodwa njengoko isifo siqhubeka, iimpawu ezinjengeentlungu esiswini, ukwehla kobunzima, ukudumba esiswini okanye ulusu kunye namehlo atyheli. umzekelo, kwaye unyango lunokwenziwa ngotyando, i-chemotherapy okanye ukufakelwa kwesibindi. Funda ngendlela yokuchonga iimpawu zomhlaza wesibindi.

Olu hlobo lomhlaza lunokubangelwa yimbali yosapho yomhlaza wesibindi, utywala, i-cirrhosis, i-hepatitis okanye imichiza efana ne-vinyl chloride okanye i-arsenic.

Uvavanyo lwezifo zesibindi kwi-Intanethi

Ukufumanisa ukuba unokuba nesifo sesibindi, jonga indlela oziva ngayo:

1. 1. Ngaba uziva iintlungu okanye ungonwabanga kwindawo ephezulu yesisu sakho?
2. 2. Ngaba uziva ugula okanye unesiyezi rhoqo?
3. 3. Ngaba ukhe ube nentloko rhoqo?
4. 4. Ngaba uziva udinwe ngokulula?
5. 5. Ngaba unawo amabala amfusa kulusu lwakho?
6. 6. Ngaba amehlo okanye ulusu lwakho lumthubi?
7. 7. Ngaba umchamo wakho umnyama?
8. 8. Ukhe waziva ungenawo umdla wokutya?
9. 9. Ngaba ilindle lakho limthubi, lingwevu okanye mhlophe?
10. 10. Uyaziva ukuba isisu sidumbile?
11. 11. Ngaba uziva urhawuzelelwa umzimba wonke?

Uya nini kwagqirha

Ezinye zeempawu ezinokuthi zibonise isifo sesibindi zifuna unyango ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibandakanya:

• Isikhumba esimthubi okanye amehlo;
• Iintlungu esiswini;
• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Ukurhawuzelela umzimba;
• Ukudumba esiswini;
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha ngegazi;
• Ndiziva ndihluthi nasemva kokutya okuncinci;
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukunciphisa umzimba;
• Umchamo omnyama;
• Izibane ezikhanyayo okanye ezimhlophe;
• Ifiva;
• Ukubonakala kwemivumbo okanye imivumbo emzimbeni.

Kwezi meko, ugqirha unoku-odola uvavanyo olunje ngegazi okanye imaging, umzekelo, ukufumanisa isifo kunye nokucebisa olona nyango lufanelekileyo.