Iimpawu zokuzalwa ezibomvu

Iimpawu zokuzalwa ezibomvu luphawu lolusu olwenziwe yimithambo yegazi kufutshane nomphezulu wolusu. Zikhula ngaphambi okanye kungekudala emva kokuzalwa.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeempawu zokuzalwa:

• Iimpawu zokuzalwa ezibomvu zenziwe yimithambo yegazi kufutshane nomphezulu wolusu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zizimpawu zokuzalwa ze-vascular.
• Iimpawu zokuzalwa ezinamabala ziindawo apho umbala weendawo zokuzalwa wahlukile kumbala wolusu lonke.

IHemangiomas luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuzalwa kwe-vascular. Unobangela wabo awaziwa. Umbala wabo ubangelwa kukukhula kwemithambo yegazi kwindawo leyo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zehemangiomas zibandakanya:

• I-Strawberry hemangiomas (uphawu lwe-strawberry, i-nevus vascularis, i-capillary hemangioma, i-hemangioma simplex) inokukhula iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Zingavela naphina emzimbeni, kodwa zihlala zifumaneka entanyeni nasebusweni. Ezi ndawo zinemithambo yegazi encinci esondele kakhulu.
• I-Cavernous hemangiomas (i-angioma cavernosum, cavernoma) ziyafana ne-sitrobheli hemangiomas kodwa zinzulu kwaye zinokubonakala njengendawo ebomvu enesiponji ebomvu ehlaza yegazi.
• Iisalmon patches (ukulunywa yingwamza) ziqheleke kakhulu. Ukufikelela kwisiqingatha sabo bonke abantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa banabo. Zincinci, zipinki, ziindawo ezithe tyaba ezenziwe yimithambo yegazi encinci enokuthi ibonakale kulusu. Zixhaphake kakhulu ebunzi, kwiinkophe, kumlomo ongasentla, phakathi kwamashiya, nasemva kwentamo. Iimpawu zeesalmon zinokubonakala ngakumbi xa usana lukhala okanye ngexesha lotshintsho lobushushu.
• Itafile zewayini ezibusayo ziihemangiomas ezithe tyaba ezenziwe ngemithambo yegazi eyandisiweyo (capillaries). Itafile zewayini ezibusayo ebusweni zinokudityaniswa ne-Sturge-Weber syndrome. Zifumaneka rhoqo ebusweni. Ubungakanani bazo buyahluka ukusuka kwincinci encinci ukuya ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sobuso bomzimba.

Iimpawu eziphambili zokuzalwa zibandakanya:

• Amanqaku esikhumbeni akhangeleka ngathi yimithambo yegazi
• Ukudumba kolusu okanye isilonda esibomvu

Umboneleli wezempilo kufuneka ahlole zonke iimpawu zokuzalwa. Uxilongo lusekwe kwindlela elibonakala ngayo uphawu lokuzalwa.

Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa uphawu lokuzalwa olunzulu lubandakanya:

• Ulusu lwe-biopsy
• Ukuskena i-CT
• I-MRI yendawo

Uninzi lwe-strawberry hemangiomas, i-cavernous hemangiomas, kunye ne-salmon patches zezokwexeshana kwaye azidingi nyango.

Amabala e-Port-wine anokungafuneki unyango ngaphandle kokuba:

• Ukuchaphazela ukubonakala kwakho
• Unobangela woxinzelelo lweemvakalelo
• Ngaba zibuhlungu
• Guqula ubungakanani, imilo, okanye umbala

Uninzi lweempawu zokuzalwa ezisisigxina azinyangwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana afike kwiminyaka yokuhamba isikolo okanye uphawu lokuzalwa lubangela iimpawu. Itafile zewayini ezibusayo ebusweni azifani. Kuya kufuneka baphathwe besebancinci ukuthintela iingxaki zeemvakalelo nezentlalo. Utyando lwe-Laser lungasetyenziselwa ukubanyanga.

Ukufihla izinto zokuthambisa kunokufihla indawo yokuzalwa esisigxina.

I-cortisone yomlomo okanye ejoyiweyo inokunciphisa ubungakanani be-hemangioma ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ichaphazele umbono okanye amalungu abalulekileyo.

Olunye unyango lweempawu zokuzalwa ezibomvu zibandakanya:

• Beta-blocker amayeza
• Umkhenkce (cryotherapy)
• Utyando lweLaser
• Ukususwa kotyando

Iimpawu zokuzalwa kunqabile ukuba zibangele iingxaki, ngaphandle kotshintsho kwinkangeleko. Uninzi lweempawu zokuzalwa zihamba zodwa xa umntwana efikelela kubudala bokuya esikolweni, kodwa ezinye zihlala zisisigxina. Ezi patheni zilandelayo zophuhliso ziqhelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeempawu zokuzalwa:

• I-Strawberry hemangiomas zihlala zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihlala zilingana. Emva koko bahamba. Uninzi lwe-strawberry hemangiomas luhambile xa umntwana eneminyaka eli-9 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho utshintsho oluncinci kumbala okanye ukuntywila kolusu apho bekukho uphawu lwendawo yokuzalwa.
• Ezinye ii-cavernous hemangiomas zihamba zodwa, zihlala zomntwana malunga neminyaka yokuhamba isikolo.
• Iisalmon patches zihlala ziphela njengoko usana lukhula. Iipatches ezisemva kwentamo azinakuphela. Ngokwesiqhelo azibonakali njengoko iinwele zikhula.
• Amabala e-Port-wine ahlala esisigxina.

Ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zinokubakho ukusuka kumanqaku okuzalwa:

• Uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo ngenxa yenkangeleko
• Ukuphazamiseka okanye ukuphuma kwegazi kwiindawo zokuzalwa zemithambo (ngamanye amaxesha)
• Ukuphazamiseka kumbono okanye ukusebenza komzimba
• Ukuqhekeka okanye iingxaki emva kotyando ukuzisusa

Ngaba umboneleli wakho wezempilo ujonge kuzo zonke iimpawu zokuzalwa.

Akukho ndlela yaziwayo yokuthintela iimpawu zokuzalwa.

Uphawu lwe-Strawberry; Utshintsho kolusu lwe-Vascular; IAngomaoma cavernosum; Capillary hemangioma; IHemangioma simplex

• Ingulube iluma
• IHemangioma ebusweni (impumlo)
• IHemangioma esilevini

IHabif TP. Amathumba eVascular kunye nokungalunganga. Ku: Habif TP, ed. Zonyango lwezonyango. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 23.

Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yeentsana kwasebusaneni nasebuntwaneni. Ku: Paller AS, Mancini AJ, ii-eds. Iklinikhi yezeMpilo yeDermatology yabantwana. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 12.

IPatterson JW. Amathumba eVascular. Ku: Patterson JW, ed. Weedon's Ulusu lwezifo. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 38.