Ityhefu yokutya

Ityhefu ekutyeni ivela xa uginya ukutya okanye amanzi aneebhaktiriya, iiparasites, intsholongwane, okanye ityhefu eyenziwe zezi ntsholongwane. Uninzi lweziganeko zibangelwa ziibhaktheriya eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngestaphylococcus okanye E coli.

Ityhefu yokutya inokuchaphazela umntu omnye okanye iqela labantu abathe batya ukutya okufanayo. Kuqheleke kakhulu emva kokutya kwiipikniks, iivenkile zesikolo, imisebenzi emikhulu yasekuhlaleni, okanye iivenkile zokutyela.

Xa iintsholongwane zingena ekutyeni, oko kubizwa ngokuba kukungcola. Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Inyama okanye iinkukhu zinokudibana neebhaktheriya ezivela emathunjini esilwanyana esenziwayo.
• Amanzi asetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhula okanye lokuhambisa anokuqulatha inkunkuma yezilwanyana okanye yomntu.
• Ukutya kungaphathwa ngendlela engakhuselekanga ngexesha lokulungisa kwiivenkile zokutya, kwiivenkile zokutyela, okanye emakhaya.

Ityhefu yokutya inokwenzeka emva kokutya okanye ukusela:

• Nakuphi na ukutya okulungiselelwe ngumntu ongazihlambi izandla zakhe ngokufanelekileyo
• Nakuphi na ukutya okulungiselelwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokupheka, iibhodi zokusika, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezingacocwanga ngokupheleleyo
• Iimveliso zobisi okanye ukutya okuqukethe i-mayonnaise (njenge-coleslaw okanye i-potato isaladi) esele ikude kakhulu kwifriji
• Ukutya okubandayo okanye okukhenkcezisiweyo okungagcinwanga kubushushu obufanelekileyo okanye akufudunyezwa ubushushu obufanelekileyo
• Intlanzi eluhlaza okanye iimbatyisi
• Iziqhamo ezingavuthwanga okanye imifuno engakhange ihlanjwe kakuhle
• Imifuno eluhlaza okanye incindi yeziqhamo kunye neemveliso zobisi (jonga igama elithi "pasteurized," Oko kuthetha ukuba ukutya kunyangiwe ukuthintela ungcoliseko)
• Inyama okanye amaqanda angaphucukanga
• Amanzi avela equleni okanye emlanjeni, okanye esixekweni okanye edolophini amanzi angakhange anyangwe

Iindidi ezininzi zeentsholongwane kunye neetyhefu zinokubangela ityhefu yokutya, kubandakanya:

• ICampylobacter enteritis
• Ikholera
• E coli Unyango
• Ityhefu kwintlanzi eyonakeleyo okanye engcolileyo okanye kwiqokobhe
• IStaphylococcus aureus
• Salmonella
• Shigella

Iintsana nabantu abadala ngabona basemngciphekweni omkhulu wetyhefu yokutya. Usengozini enkulu ukuba:

• Unesifo esibi, njengesifo sezintso, isifo seswekile, umhlaza, okanye i-HIV kunye / okanye i-AIDS.
• Unamajoni omzimba abuthathaka.
• Uhamba ngaphandle kwe-United States usiya kwiindawo apho uchanabeke khona kwiintsholongwane ezibangela ityhefu yokutya.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo nabancancisayo kufuneka basebenzise ukhathalelo olongezelelekileyo ukunqanda ityhefu yokutya.

Iimpawu ezivela kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo zetyhefu yokutya zihlala ziqala ngaphakathi kweeyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6 zokutya ukutya. Elo xesha linokuba lide okanye lifutshane, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu setyhefu yokutya.

Iimpawu ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• Iintlanzi zesisu
• Urhudo (unokuba ligazi)
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubuthathaka (kunokuba nzima)

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kujonga iimpawu zetyhefu yokutya. Oku kunokubandakanya iintlungu esiswini kwaye zibonakalise ukuba umzimba wakho unencindi encinci (ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni).

Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa kwizitulo zakho okanye ukutya okutyileyo ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwentsholongwane olubangela iimpawu zakho. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo azinakusoloko zifumana unobangela wohudo.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, umboneleli wakho unoku-odola sigmoidoscopy. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa ityhubhu ecekeceke, engenanto kunye nesibane esiphelweni esifakwe kwi-anus kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe siqhubele phambili kwi-rectum kunye ne-sigmoid colon ukukhangela umthombo wokopha okanye wosulelo.

Uninzi lwexesha, uya kuba ngcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Injongo kukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho unexabiso elifanelekileyo lamanzi.

Ukufumana ulwelo olwaneleyo kunye nokufunda into oza kuyitya kuya kukunceda uhlale ukhululekile. Ungadinga uku:

• Ukulawula urhudo
• Lawula isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo

Ungasela imixube yokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ukubuyisela ulwelo kunye neemaminerali ezilahlekileyo ngokugabha kunye norhudo.

Umgubo wokubuyisela amanzi ngomlomo ungathengwa kwikhemesti. Qiniseka ukuba uxuba umgubo emanzini akhuselekileyo.

Ungazenzela owakho umxube ngokunyibilikisa ½ icephe (tsp) okanye i-3 gram (g) ityuwa kunye ne-p tsp (2.3 iigrem) isoda yokubhaka kunye necephe le-4 (tbsp) okanye i-50 gram yeswekile kwiikomityi ezi-4¼ (ilitha enye) yamanzi.

Ukuba unorhudo kwaye awukwazi ukusela okanye ukugcina ulwelo, unokufuna ulwelo olunikezwa ngomthambo (nge-IV). Oku kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinci.

Ukuba uthatha i-diuretics, cela umboneleli wakho ukuba ufuna ukuyeka ukuthatha umchamo ngelixa urhudo. Ungaze uyeke okanye utshintshe amayeza ngaphambi kokuba uthethe nomboneleli wakho.

Ngenxa yezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zetyhefu yokutya, umboneleli wakho AKAYI ukumisela i-antibiotics.

Ungawathenga amayeza kwindawo ethengisa iziyobisi enceda urhudo olucothayo.

• SUKUWASEBENZISE la mayeza ngaphandle kokuthetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba unotyatyazo olunegazi, umkhuhlane, okanye urhudo lukhulu.
• UNGABANIKI la mayeza abantwana.

Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha ngokupheleleyo kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zetyhefu yokutya ngaphakathi kweeyure ezili-12 ukuya kweziyi-48. Ezinye iintlobo zetyhefu yokutya zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.

Ukusweleka kukutya okunetyhefu kubantu abaphilileyo kunqabile eMelika.

Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. Oku kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na imbangela yetyhefu yokutya.

Ayifane ixhaphake, kodwa iingxaki ezinobuzaza zixhomekeke kwintsholongwane ebangela ityhefu ekutyeni. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Isifo samathambo
• Iingxaki zokopha
• Ukonakala kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo
• Iingxaki zezintso
• Ukudumba okanye ukucaphuka kwithishu ejikeleze intliziyo

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unayo:

• Igazi okanye ubofu kwizitulo zakho
• Urhudo kwaye abanako ukusela iincindi ngenxa yesicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-101 ° F (38.3 ° C), okanye umntwana wakho unefiva engaphezu kwe-100.4 ° F (38 ° C) kunye nesifo sorhudo.
• Iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (ukunxanwa, isiyezi, ukuba nentloko elula)
• Kutshanje uye kwilizwe langaphandle kwaye uphuhlise urhudo
• Urhudo olungakhange lubengcono kwiintsuku ezi-5 (iintsuku ezi-2 kusana okanye emntwaneni), okanye lube lubi kakhulu
• Umntwana obegabha ngaphezulu kweeyure ezili-12 (kusana olusandula kuzalwa phantsi kweenyanga ezintathu kuya kufuneka ubize ngokukhawuleza xa ukugabha okanye urhudo kuqala)
• Ityhefu yokutya evela kumakhowa (enokubulala), intlanzi okanye ezinye iintlanzi zaselwandle, okanye i-botulism (nayo enokubulala)

Maninzi amanyathelo anokuthathwa ukunqanda ityhefu ekutyeni.

• Sula ukutya okungamanzi
• Ukutya okungamanzi okugcweleyo
• Xa unesicaphucaphu nokugabha

• Ityhefu yokutya
• Iintsholongwane

Nguyen T, Akhtar S.I-Gastroenteritis. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahl. 84.

USchiller LR, uSellin JH. Urhudo. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Amathumbu kunye nezifo zesibindi: iPathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 16.

UWong KK, iNkulumbuso yaseGriffin. Izifo ezibangelwa kukutya. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 101.