Ulutsha kunye neziyobisi

Njengomzali, kuyinto yokwemvelo ukukhathazeka ngomntwana wakho ofikisayo. Kwaye, njengabazali abaninzi, unokoyika ukuba umntwana wakho angazama iziyobisi, okanye okubi, axhomekeke kwiziyobisi.

Ngelixa ungakwazi ukulawula yonke into eyenziwa ngumntwana wakho, ungathatha amanyathelo okunceda umntwana wakho ukuba kude neziyobisi. Qala ngokufunda konke onakho malunga neziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Funda imiqondiso yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukuze ube ulumkile. Emva koko sebenzisa ezi ngcebiso ukunceda ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kulutsha lwakho.

Okokuqala, funda malunga neendidi ezahlukeneyo zamachiza anokusetyenziswa. Ulutsha oludala ngakumbi kunokwenzeka ukuba lusebenzise iziyobisi kunolutsha. Intsangu (imbiza) isaqhelekile. Ngakumbi nangakumbi ulutsha lusebenzisa amayeza kagqirha.

KUTHENI ULUTSHA LUSEBENZISA IZIYOBISI

Zininzi izizathu zokuba ulutsha lusebenzise iziyobisi. Ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Ukulingana. Isimo sentlalo sibaluleke kakhulu kulutsha. Umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo angenza iziyobisi ukuzama ukwamkela izihlobo zakhe okanye ukugcizelela iqela elitsha labantwana.
• Ukuba nentlalontle. Olunye ulutsha lisebenzisa iziyobisi kuba luthomalalisa ukuthintelwa kwabo kwaye lubenza bonwabe ngakumbi ekuhlaleni.
• Ukujongana notshintsho kubomi. Utshintsho alukho lula nakubani na. Olunye ulutsha lubhenela kwiziyobisi ukujongana neemeko ezinje ngokufuduka, ukuqala kwisikolo esitsha, ukufikisa, okanye ukuya kuqhawulo mtshato lwabazali.
• Ukunciphisa iintlungu noxinzelelo. Ulutsha lunokusebenzisa iziyobisi ukujongana neengxaki zosapho, izihlobo, isikolo, impilo yengqondo, okanye ukuzithemba.

UKUTHETHA NOMNTU WAKHO OYIFIKISAYO NGEZIYOBISI

Akukho lula, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uthethe nomntwana wakho malunga neziyobisi. Enye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kulutsha. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Sukwenza "intetho enkulu" enye. Endaweni yokuqhubeka uncokola ngeziyobisi nomntwana wakho. Sebenzisa amabali eendaba, iinkqubo zeTV, okanye iimuvi njengesiqalo seencoko.
• Sukufundisa. Endaweni yoko, buza imibuzo evulekileyo enje, "Kutheni ucinga ukuba abo bantwana basebenzisa iziyobisi?" okanye, "Wakhe wanikwa iziyobisi?" Umntwana wakho unokuphendula ngendlela efanelekileyo xa unencoko yangempela.
• Yazisa umntwana wakho ukuba uziva njani. Yenze icace kumntwana wakho ukuba awukuvumeli ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
• Nika umntwana wakho ithuba lokuthetha nokumamela ngaphandle kokumphazamisa. Oku kuyakubonisa ukuba uyakhathala ngoluvo lomntwana wakho.
• Chitha ixesha yonke imihla uthetha ngento eyenzekayo ebomini bakho. Oku kuyakwenza kube lula ukuthetha xa kusiza izifundo ezinzima, njengotywala, iziyobisi, kunye nokwabelana ngesondo.

NCEDA UKUTHINTELA UKUSETYENZISWA KWEZIYOBISI

Ngelixa kungekho ndlela iqinisekileyo yomlilo yokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho akaze asebenzise iziyobisi, ungathatha la manyathelo alandelayo ukukunceda.

• Hlala ubandakanyeka. Yakha ubudlelwane obomeleleyo nomntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo kwaye ubonise inkxaso kwimidla yabo.
• Yiba ngumzekelo omhle. Ukuziphatha kwakho kuthumela umyalezo ngqo kulutsha lwakho, nokuba uyazi okanye awazi. Sukusebenzisa iziyobisi, kwaye sebenzisa amayeza kagqirha kuphela njengoko kuyalelwe. Ukuba usela utywala, kwenze oko ngokumodareyitha.
• Dibana kwaye wazi abahlobo bakho abakwishumi elivisayo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, dibana nabazali babo. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba ameme abahlobo bakho ukuze ubazi ngcono. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umhlobo uyimpembelelo embi, unganqikazi ukungena okanye ukhuthaze umntwana wakho ukuba enze abanye abahlobo.
• Misela imigaqo ecacileyo kulutsha lwakho malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Oku kunokubandakanya ukungakhweli emotweni nabantwana ebesenza iziyobisi kwaye ungahlali kwitheko apho nabani na esenza iziyobisi.
• Yazi into ayenzayo umntwana wakho. Ulutsha olungalawulwayo kunokwenzeka ukuba luzame iziyobisi. Gcina iithebhu apho umntwana wakho akhoyo kwaye bahlala nabani. Cela umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo ukuba angene kunye nawe ngamaxesha athile osuku, njengaxa kuphuma isikolo.
• Khuthaza imisebenzi esempilweni. Izinto endizithandayo, iiklabhu, ezemidlalo kunye nemisebenzi yexeshana zonke iindlela zokugcina ulutsha luxakekile. Ngokuhlala usebenza, umntwana wakho uya kuba nexesha elincinci lokuzibandakanya ekusebenziseni iziyobisi.

YAZI IIMPAWU

Zininzi iimpawu zomzimba kunye nezokuziphatha ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Bafunde kwaye uqaphele ukuba umntwana wakho wenza izinto okanye ujongeka ngokwahlukileyo. Imiqondiso ibandakanya:

• Intetho ecothayo okanye etyibilikisiweyo (ukusuka ekusebenziseni ezantsi kunye noxinzelelo)
• Intetho ekhawulezayo, eqhumayo (ekusebenziseni phezulu)
• Amehlo aligazi
• Ukukhwehlela okungahambiyo
• Ivumba elingaqhelekanga ngokuphefumla (ukusuka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi)
• Abafundi abakhulu kakhulu (abahlanjululwe) okanye abancinci kakhulu (khomba)
• Ukuhamba kwamehlo okukhawulezayo (nystagmus), uphawu olunokubakho lokusetyenziswa kwePCP
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla (kwenzeka ngeamphetamine, methamphetamine, okanye icocaine)
• Ukwanda kwesidlo (kunye nentsangu)
• Ukuhamba okungazinzanga

Unokuqaphela utshintsho kwinqanaba lamandla omntwana wakho, njenge:

• Ukonqena, ukungabinantloko, okanye ukulala rhoqo (ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ze-opiate, ezinje nge-heroin okanye i-codeine, okanye xa usihla kwiziyobisi ezikhuthazayo)
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle (njengoko kubonwa kunye phezulu njengecocaine kunye ne methamphetamine)

Unokuqaphela utshintsho kwindlela oziphethe ngayo:

• Amabanga aphantsi esikolweni kwaye aphulukane neentsuku zesikolo
• Ukungathathi nxaxheba kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo
• Guqula kwiqela labahlobo
• Imisebenzi eyimfihlo
• Ukuxoka okanye ukuba

INDLELA YOKUFUMANA UNCEDO

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usebenzisa iziyobisi, qala ngokuthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Umboneleli wakho unokunceda ukunyanga umntwana wakho, okanye angakudlulisela kwingcali yeziyobisi okanye kwiziko lonyango. Unokujonga kwakhona izixhobo kwindawo yakho okanye kwizibhedlele zalapha. Khangela ingcali enamava okusebenza nolutsha.

Unganqikazi, fumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza. Ngokukhawuleza ufumana uncedo, kokungabikho kokusebenzisa kwakho iziyobisi kulutsha lwakho luya kujika lube kukusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi.

Unokufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kwi-teens.drugabuse.gov.

Ulutsha kunye neziyobisi; Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kulutsha; Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi - ulutsha; Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi - ulutsha

• Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

IBreuner CC. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiyobisi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 140.

IZiko leLizwe leSizwe sokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kwiwebhusayithi yolutsha. Abazali: iinyani kusetyenziso lweziyobisi kulutsha. ulutsha.drugabuse.gov/parents. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 11, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoSeptemba 16, 2019.

Intsebenziswano ukuphelisa iwebhusayithi yeziyobisi. Iincwadi zeencwadi zomzali kunye nezikhokelo. iziyobisi.org/parent-e-book-guides/. Ifunyenwe ngoSeptemba 16, 2019.