Isini esidityaniswa ngokwesondo

Isini esidityaniswa ngokubalaseleyo yindlela enqabileyo yokuba uphawu okanye ukuphazamiseka kungadluliselwa kwiintsapho. Uhlobo olunye olungaqhelekanga kwi-X chromosome lunokubangela isifo esihambelana nesondo.

Amagama ahambelana nezihloko zibandakanya:

• Autosomal ephezulu
• Ukuhlaziywa ngokuzenzekelayo
• Ichromosome
• Gene
• Ilifa kunye nezifo
• Ilifa
• Ukuxhamla ngesondo

Ilifa lesifo esithile, imeko, okanye uphawu luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwechromosome echaphazelekayo. Ingaba yi-chromosome ye-autosomal okanye i-chromosome yesondo. Kuyaxhomekeka ekubeni uphawu lubalulekile okanye luluhle kakhulu. Izifo ezinxulumene nezesondo zizalwa njengelinye lama chromosomes esini, angama X kunye nee Y chromosomes.

Ilifa elibalaseleyo lenzeka xa ufuzo olungaqhelekanga lomzali omnye kunokubangela isifo, nangona uhlobo olufanayo lomnye umzali luqhelekile. Imfuza engaqhelekanga ilawula isibini sofuzo.

Kwisifo esine-X esihambelana kakhulu: Ukuba utata uphethe uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-X, zonke iintombi zakhe ziya kubudla ilifa esi sifo kwaye akukho namnye koonyana bakhe oya kuba nesi sifo. Kungenxa yokuba iintombi zihlala zilidla ilifa i-X chromosome yoyise. Ukuba umama uphethe uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-X, isiqingatha sabo bonke abantwana babo (iintombi noonyana) baya kulidla ilifa eli sifo.

Umzekelo, ukuba kukho abantwana abane (amakhwenkwe amabini kunye namantombazana amabini) kwaye umama uchaphazelekile (une-X enye engaqhelekanga kwaye unesifo) kodwa utata akanalo uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-X, amathuba alindelekileyo ngala:

• Abantwana ababini (intombazana enye nenkwenkwe enye) baya kuba nesi sifo
• Abantwana ababini (intombazana enye nenkwenkwe enye) abasayi kuba nesi sifo

Ukuba kukho abantwana abane (amakhwenkwe amabini namantombazana amabini) kwaye utata uyachaphazeleka (une-X enye engaqhelekanga kwaye unesifo) kodwa umama akakho, iimeko ezilindelekileyo zezi:

• Amantombazana amabini aya kuba nesi sifo
• Amakhwenkwe amabini akasayi kuba nesi sifo

Oku kungangqinelani akuthethi ukuba abantwana abazuza ilifa le-X engaqhelekanga baya kubonisa iimpawu ezinzima zesi sifo. Ithuba lelifa lintsha ngokukhulelwa ngakunye, ke ezi zinto zilindelweyo zisenokungabi yile nto yenzekayo kusapho. Ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-X zinzima kangangokuba amadoda ane-genetic disorder anokufa ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ke ngoko, kunokubakho ukonyuka kwamanani okuphulukana nosapho okanye abantwana abambalwa abangamadoda kunokuba bekulindelwe.

Ilifa-ukoyama okunxulumene nesondo Imfuza-enxulumene nesondo iphambili; X-enxulumene enkulu; Y-enxibelelene kakhulu

• Imfuza

UFeero WG, uZazove P, u-Chen F.Izonyango ze-genomics. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo samayeza osapho. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 43.

UGregg AR, uKuller JA. Imfuza yomntu kunye neepateni zelifa. Ku: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Isilivere RM, ii-eds. I-Creasy kunye neResnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 1.

UJorde LB, uCarey JC, uBamshad MJ. Iindlela ezinxulumene nezesondo kunye neendlela zelifa. Ku: Jorde LB, Carey JC, Bamshad MJ, ii-eds. Imfuza yezonyango. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 5.

Umqolo BR. Imigaqo yemfuza. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 35.